Objective·To investigate and compare the clinical characteristic of non-organic dyspnea and asthma both with complaint of dyspnea.Methods·Seventy-four consecutive patients with non-organic dyspnea,and 74 age-,height-,weight and sex-matched patients with asthma were recruited for investigation in the study.The self-assessment surveys were conducted for the two groups by means of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,Nijmegen Questionnaire and Athens Insomnia Scale.The words for describing dyspnea,clinical symptoms,effective sleep hours and items of pulmonary function test were collected and analyzed Results·Non-organic dyspnea patients tended to describe psychogenic aspects.Asthma patients tended to describe airflow limitation.Non-organic dyspnea group mainly performed psychogenic symptoms.The sleeping time in non-organic dyspnea group was significantly lower than that in asthma group(P＜0.05).The score of anxiety,depression,Nijmegen Questionnaire,Athens Insomnia Scale,FEV1,FEV1％Pred,FVC％Pred,FEV1/FVC in non-organic dyspnea group were significantly higher than those in asthma group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in FVC between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion·The non-organic group feel more anxiety,depressed and insomnic than the asthma group.Lung function test of asthma group is often abnormal.To discriminate non-organic dyspnea with asthma,clinicians should pay more attention to emotion,sleep,somatoform symptoms,medical history and so on,and do pulmonary function test,improve the understanding of the characteristics of the two diseases,decrease misdiagnosis and wrong diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To study the new formula of effective components in TCM for anti-allergic rhinitis (AR),and pro-vide reference for developing TCM preparations for anti-AR. METHODS:Using pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (0-13.5 mg/kg), total alkaloid extracts of Aconitum carmichaelii (0-21.18 mg/kg),volatile oil of asari radix (0-0.0092 mL/kg) in Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction as formula objects,uniform design method was used for drug grouping,and multiple regression analysis was con-ducted for the behavioral scores before and after administration,contents of histamine and immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum of AR guinea pigs to obtain the best formula. Using Xinqin granule,Loratadine tablet,Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction respectively as positive control,efficacy of the best formula was verified from aspects of behavioral scores before and after administration,con-tents of histamine and IgE of AR guinea pigs. And the safety of the best formula was preliminarily observed through acute toxicity test in mice. RESULTS:The best formula was as follow as pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 11.25 mg/kg,total alkaloid extracts of A. carmichaelii 21.18 mg/kg,volatile oil of asari radix 0.0045 mL/kg. Compared with each positive drug group,there were no sig-nificant differences in behavioral scores before and after administration in the best formula group(P>0.05). While compared with Xinqin granule group and Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction group,histamine content in serum in the best formula group was signifi-cantly reduced (P<0.05);compared with Xinqin granule and Loratadine tablet group,IgE content in serum in the best formula group was significant decreased (P<0.05). Median lethal dose of the best formula was 1822.04 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS:The screened best formula shows better effect than Xinqin granule and Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction in terms of reducing histamine content in serum,better than Loratadine tablet and Xinqin granule in terms of reducing IgE content in serum,with good safety, which indicates the feasibility of TCM effective component formula to a certain degree.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosuvastatin on the morphine tolerance in rats and the underlying mechanism.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =8 each):control group (group C),morphine tolerance group (group MT),rosuvastatin control group (group RC),rosuvastatin 0.4 mg/kg group (group R1),rosuvastatin 2.0 mg/kg group (group R2)and rosuvastatin 10.0 mg/kg group (group R3).Morphine tolerance was induced by subcutaneous injection of morphine 10.0 mg/kg at 8:00 and 16:00 everyday for 5 consecutive days.The equal volume of normal saline was given in groups C and RC.Normal saline 10 ml/kg was injected through a gastric tube into stomach everyday at 30 min after subcutaneous injection of normal saline or morphine for 5 consecutive days in groups C and MT.Rosuvastatin 10,0.4,2.0 and 10.0 mg/kg were injected through a gastric tube into stomach everyday at 30 min after subcutaneous injection of normal saline or morphine for 5 consecutive days in groups RC,R1,R2 and R3,respectively.The paw withdrawal latency to nociceptive thermal stimulation was measured 1 day before (T1) and 1 day after morphine tolerance was induced (T2).The percentage of maximal possible effect (MPE) was calculated.The rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of pain threshold and the L5 segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK)(by Western blot) and contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (by ELISA).Results Compared with group C,MPE was significantly decreased at T2 and the expression of p-ERK and contents of IL-1β and TNF-α were increased in groups MT and R1 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group MT,MPE was significantly increased at T2 and the expression of p-ERK and contents of IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in groups RC,R2 and R3 (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the indicators mentioned above between groups R2 and R3,and in the expression of ERK between the six groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Rosuvastatin can attenuate the morphine tolerance in rats by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and decreasing the level of IL-1β and TNF-α.

Objective:To investigate gender measurement invariance of the Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)in people aged 50 years and older.Methods:A total of 1013 adults(50-96 years old)in Beijing, Hunan and Shandong were tested by using PSSS.The measurement invariance of PSSS between middle-aged and elderly males and females was analyzed.Differences in PSSS total scores and subscale scores between males and females were examined.Results:The equivalence test results of each item in the questionnaire met the requirements of the metrology(△CFI≥0.010, △TLI≥0.010, △RSMEA≤0.015), indicating that the hypotheses of morphological equivalence, weak equivalence, strong equivalence and strict equivalence of PSSS were all valid in the middle-aged and elderly population regardless of gender.In addition, middle-aged and elderly females had higher scores in family support, support from friends, support from other people and perceived social support than their male counterparts( P<0.05). Conclusions:PSSS has cross-gender equivalence in middle-aged and elderly people.Thus, differences in PSSS can reflect the perceived social support level in middle-aged and elderly people of different genders.

Objective:To analyze the failure rate of enteral nutrition feeding in patients with mechanical ventilation, explore the influencing factors, and find out the existing problems and deficiencies in the process of nutrition support.Methods:Patients who were admitted to the ICU of Zhejiang People′s Hospital from June 2020 to January 2022 for mechanical ventilation and continuous enteral nutrition through the nose were retrospectively collected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into a standard group and a substandard group. Comparing the feeding status of enteral nutrition patients in the two groups on the 7th day, Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of feeding substandard.Results:A total of 82 patients (57.34%, 82/143) had feeding failure. Logistic regression analysis showed that complications ( OR=34.47, 95% CI 9.49 to 125.21) and infusion speed ( OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.57) were the influencing factors of feeding failure in ICU mechanical ventilation patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The feeding failure rate of ICU mechanical ventilation patients is higher than the feeding failure rate, and the slow infusion speed caused by complications and feeding intolerance is the main reason for the failure. It is suggested to set personalized feeding program for patients, optimize feeding measures, and improve the feeding failure rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of real-time continuous monitoring system(RT-CGMS)on serum inflammatory factors and prognosis in patients with sepsis.Methods According to the prospective studies,patients were randomly divided into two groups Patients with sepsis were randomly divided into real-time continuous monitoring of blood glucose group and monitoring blood glucose meter group,of which the fasting serum tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) and high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected on the 1st,3rd,7th day.Meanwhile,insulin dosage,incidence of hypoglycemia and mortality rate of 28 days of patients in two groups were recorded,and the above indexes were analyzed.Results TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP in the real-time continuous blood glucose monitoring group were (16.12±2.42)pg/ml、(112.37±17.39)pg/ml and(19.62±2.72)mg/L on the 7th day respectively,while TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP in the blood glucose monitoring group were(23.46±3.12)pg/ml、(140.19±21.48)pg/ml and(25.42±2.54)mg/L on the 7th day,respectively.The decrease of TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP in the continuous blood glucose monitoring group was more significant than that in the blood glucose monitoring group (P＜0.05).Insulin dosage in real-time continuous blood glucose monitoring group was (90.62±15.79)u,hypoglycemia rate was 5.4％,fatality rate was 10.81％ in 28 days of hospitalization,insulin dosage was (130.59±20.65)u,hypoglycemia rate was 22.85％,and fatality rate was 31.42％ in 28 days of hospitalization.There was significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion For sepsis patients with stress hyperglycemia,a real-time continuous monitoring system combined with insulin therapy can improve the inflammatory response,and control blood glucose effectively as well as reduce mortality.

Based on the biomechanical simulation curve of OpenSim, an open source software of biomechanical model, a spherical exoskeleton parallel mechanism with two degrees of freedom for hip joint is proposed in this paper for the rehabilitation therapy of patients with impaired leg motor function or elderly people with walking dysfunction. Firstly, the parallel mechanism is modeled and the position inverse solution of the parallel mechanism is obtained using inverse kinematics analysis. The velocity analysis expression of the mechanism is derived by deriving the inverse kinematics solution. The model is imported into the mechanical system dynamics analysis software ADAMS and matrix processing analysis software MATLAB to carry out simulation experiments. The correctness of the velocity analysis is verified by comparing the velocity simulation results of the two methods. Then, three singular types of the mechanism are analyzed according to the obtained Jacobian matrix. According to the inverse solution of the mechanism, the reachable workspace of the mechanism is obtained by programming in MATLAB with given mechanism parameters and restriction conditions. Finally, the prototype platform is built. The experimental results show that the exoskeleton hip joint using this parallel mechanism can satisfy the requirement of rotation angle of human hip joint movement, but also can be good to assist patients with leg flexion-extension movement and adduction-abduction movement, and it is helpful to carry out corresponding rehabilitation training. It also has theoretical significance and application value for the research work of human hip exoskeleton parallel mechanism.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Exoskeleton Device ; Hip Joint ; physiology ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Movement ; Rehabilitation ; instrumentation ; Rotation ; Walking