Objective:To identify the contributions of allergen to Th1 and Th2 by determined the levels of IFN-?,IL-4 and the transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of allergic asthmatics.Methods:①Plasma IFN-? and IL-4 were measured in 35 asthmatics and 32 healthy by ELISA,as well as the production of IFN-? and IL-4 by Dermatophagoides farinae(Df)-activated PBMC in asthmatics and 15 healthy controls.②Twenty-five asthmatics and 15 healthy persons were enrolled.The T-bet mRNA and GATA-3 mRNA expressing levels in PBMC were assayed by one step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results:①The plasma IL-4 in the patients was significantly higher than that in healthy(t=3.265 9,P=0.001 7).The plasma IFN-? levels in asthmatics were no significantly different from that of the healthy(t=0.306 8,P=0.760 0).② In the condition of PBMCs activated by Df,the IL-4 and IFN-? levels in asthmatics were increased compared with healthy(t=3.564 4,P=0.001 0;t=3.350 0,P=0.002 0).③ There were some expression of the transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 of PBMC in asthmatics and healthy.The expression of GATA-3 in the patients was significantly higher than that in healthy(t=2.274 3,P=0.028 0).The expression of T-bet and the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 in the patients was no significant difference with the healthy(t=0.222 0,P=0.825 8;t=1.115 2,P=0.283 4).④ In the Df-activated PBMC,the expression of T-bet and GATA-3 in asthmatics were significantly higher than that of healthy(t=2.298 2,P=0.027 6;t=3.788 7,P=0.000 6),but the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 was no significant difference with healthy(t=1.195 9,P=0.249 1).Conclusion:The production of Th2,Th1 cytokines and the expression of GATA-3 and T-bet in allergic asthmatics are both increased.It is suggested that the imbanlance of Th1/Th2 unsatisfactorily explain the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.

Objective To provide scientific information for comprehending the progress of asthma research, speculating asthma research trends and selecting the reserach topics and promoting thorough asthma research by studying the speciality distribution of asthma papers.Date and Methods MEDLINE search was conducted to retrieve the papers published between the years 1983-1996 under the main headings of asthma. Nationalities, languages, journals, authors and headings frequency of 24 276 papers were analysed with bibliometrics.Results 24 276 papers on asthma research between the years 1983-1996 were found in MEDLINE. They came from 74 nations and regions, in 27 languages and 451 journals. 91.36% came from America and 14 other nations, while 59 other nations made up less than 9%. Six nations publishing papers more than others were America 8778 (36.4%), England 4143 (17.07%), Denmark 1465 (6.03%), Japan 1288 (5.31%), Germany 1079 (4.44%) and Switzerland 1075 (4.43%). 74.21% were in English and 26 other languages were only 25.8%. The source journals of papers showed the distribution of the Bradford's law. Less than 1% journals carried more than 20% of all papers. 5 journals that carried more papers than others were Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1212 (5%), JAllergy Clin Immunol 1124 (4.63%), Chest 960 (3.96%), Eur Respir J 825 (3.40%), and Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 800 (3.30%). There were 15 authors who each presented more than 30 papers in first position, among whom, Barnes PJ (English) produced 70 papers, Tanizaki Y (Japanese) 53 papers, Mole JL (Canadian) 48 papers, Sears MR (New Zealander) 47 papers, and Holgate ST (English) 43 papers. The variety of subject heading frequency reflected the hot topics and the developing direction of the research. Heading frequency on asthma research focused on therapeutics 27.20% (including drug therapy 20.07%, comprehensive therapy 7.01%, diet therapy 0.09%, and radiotherapy 0.03%); physiopathology 18.10%; immunology 8.03%; diagnosis 7.88% and etiology 7.82%. It is worth noticing that little has been done before on epidemiology, economics, microbiology and virology of asthma, but literature on these aspects has increased obviously in recent years. Conclusion Asthma literature mainly came from America and 5 other nations. English was the major language. The source journals of the papers showed the distribution of the Bradford's law. Am J Respir Crit Care Med and 4 other journals were core journals of asthma research. Barnes PJ and 14 other authors were the most active and the most important researchers in this field. Treatment, physiopathology, immunology, diagnosis and etiology were the emphasis and hot topics on asthma research. Great attention has been paid to the research on epidemiology, economics, microbiology and virology of asthma year after year.

The 2021 edition of the international World Allergy Organization (WAO)/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema (HAE) is mainly based on high-quality randomized controlled trials. It provides clinical classification for HAE and offers graded recommendations for on-demand therapy, short-term prophylactic therapy, and long-term prophylactic therapy. Additionally, it provides management strategies for people with different HAE types. This article focused on the interpretation of short-term, long-term prophylactic therapy and on-demand therapy for HAE, supplemented with the latest clinical evidence, aiming to provide references for the long-term management of HAE.

The 2021 edition of the international World Allergy Organization (WAO)/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema (HAE) is mainly based on high-quality randomized controlled trials. It provides clinical classification for HAE and offers graded recommendations for on-demand therapy, short-term prophylactic therapy, and long-term prophylactic therapy. Additionally, it provides management strategies for people with different HAE types. This article focused on the interpretation of short-term, long-term prophylactic therapy and on-demand therapy for HAE, supplemented with the latest clinical evidence, aiming to provide references for the long-term management of HAE.

We observed a rare case of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) with a lepidic-predominant pattern accompanied by pulmonary tuberculosis. An 85-year-old man with repeated cough and sputum was admitted to Xinhua Hospital. T-SPOT test result was 212 pg/ml (reference value of negative is < 14 pg/ml), Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture was positive, and tuberculin skin test (PPD) was negative (skin induration < 5 mm). The patient was treated with several courses of antibiotics and anti-tuberculosis treatments. Repeated chest CT scans showed disease progression. Bronchoscopy yielded negative results. PET-CT scans showed negative results. A percutaneous lung biopsy revealed mucin-secreting cells lining the alveolar walls. IMA with a lepidic-predominant pattern was diagnosed after invasiveness was found after experimental treatments. Simultaneous occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer are common; however, the present case of IMA having a lepidic-predominant pattern and coexisting with active tuberculosis has not been reported yet.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular ; therapeutic use ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; isolation & purification ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; drug therapy