[Objective]To observe the influence of Yigu oral liquid on inhibiting the pain in ovariectomized rats by detecing the pain threshold, bone densi-ty, serum inflammatory factor, vascular endothelial function(ET) and platelet activating capacity(CD62p and CD63).[Method]80 SD rats were randomly di-vided into four groups of sham group, Yigu oral liquid group, Miacalcic group,control group. There were 20 in each group.Yigu oral liquid group,Mia-calcic group,control group were ovariectomized,sham group underwent sham operation. After confirming the successful model of osteoporosis, sham group was administrated with saline, Miacalcic saline group was administrated with Miacalcic by intramuscular injection ,Yigu oral liquid group was administrated with Yigu oral liquid ,saline and control group was administrated with saline.The indicators of pain threshold,bone density,vascular endothelial function (ET) and platelet activating capacity(CD62p and CD63), serum inflammatory factors as COX-2, PGE2, cAMP were respectively detected. [Results] The levels of peripheral inflammatory factors as COX-2, PGE2, cAMP , vascular endothelial function(ET) and platelet activating capacity(CD62p and CD63)of Yigu oral liquid group decreased significantly compared with the control group( P<0.05). The level of pain threshold and bone density of Yigu oral liquid group improved significantly compared with the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Yigu oral liquid can inhibit osteoporosis pain by improving the level of pain threshold ,bone density,and decreasing the levels of COX-2, PGE2, cAMP, vascular endothelial function(ET) and platelet activating capacity (CD62p and CD63).

Objective: To observe the analgesic and sedative effect and safety of application of dexmedetomidine combined with remifentanil in dressing change of conscious patients with non-intubation in burn intensive care unit. Methods: Forty patients conforming to the study criteria hospitalized in our burn intensive care unit from April 2015 to April 2017 were selected. Prospective, randomized, and double-blind method was used for the design. Patients were divided into dexmedetomidine group and dexmedetomidine+ remifentanil group according to the random number table, with 20 cases in each group. Patients in the two groups were respectively given corresponding drugs during dressing change. The frequency and time of dressing change, Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) score of patients during dressing change (at drug administration for 25 minutes) and after dressing change (25 min after dressing change), Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS) during dressing change, satisfaction level for anesthesia of the patients and physicians after dressing change, dosage of remifentanil, and various adverse effects during and after dressing change were recorded. The heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), respiratory rate, and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) before drug administration and at 10, 15, and 25 minutes after drug administration were also recorded. Data were processed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, t test, chi-square test, and Fisher′s exact probability test. Results: (1) Totally 38 patients completed the trial. There were no statistically significant differences between patients in two groups in gender, American Association of Anesthesiologist Grading, age, weight, and total burn area (χ²=0.230, 0.146, t=0.224, 0.351, 0.367, P>0.05). (2) The frequency of dressing change of patients in two groups were both 48 times. The time of dressing change and VRS scores during dressing change of patients in two groups were similar (t=0.821, 1.522, P>0.05). The VRS score of patients in dexmedetomidine+ remifentanil group after dressing change was (3.1±0.4) points, obviously lower than (3.8±0.8) points in remifentanil group (t=2.213, P<0.05). The RSS, satisfaction level scores for anesthesia of the patients and physicians after dressing change in dexmedetomidine+ remifentanil group were (3.13±0.32), (3.44±0.41), and (3.13±0.25) points, respectively, obviously better than (1.82±0.24), (2.71±0.23), (2.53±0.41) points in remifentanil group (t=2.226, 2.684, 7.702, P<0.01). The dosage of remifentanil of patients in dexmedetomidine+ remifentanil group was (282±19) μg, obviously less than (340±31) μg in remifentanil group (t=9.896, P<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between patients in two groups in rates of respiratory inhibition and hypotension (χ²=0.211, 0.154, P>0.05). Compared with those in remifentanil group, the rates of nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal symptoms of patients in dexmedetomidine+ remifentanil group were obviously reduced (P<0.05), but the rate of bradycardia was obviously increased (χ²=6.008, P<0.05). (3) There were no statistically significant differences between patients in two groups in heart rate, MAP, respiratory frequency, and SpO₂ before drug administration (t=0.444, 0.892, 1.059, 1.039, P>0.05). The heart rates of patients in dexmedetomidine+ remifentanil group at 10, 15, and 25 minutes after drug administration were (83±11), (78±10), and (82±14) times per minute, respectively, significantly lower than (95±10), (87±12), and (89±12) times per minute in remifentanil group (t=5.592, 3.992, 2.630, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The MAP of patients in dexmedetomidine+ remifentanil group at 15 and 25 minutes after drug administration were (69.4±3.1) and (73.8±2.2) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), respectively, significantly lower than (75.4±3.0) and (78.1±3.5) mmHg in remifentanil group (t=9.181, 7.206, P<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between patients in two groups in respiratory frequency at each time point after drug administration (t=1.489, 1.862, 1.963, P>0.05). The SpO₂ of patients in dexmedetomidine+ remifentanil group at 15 minutes after drug administration was 0.972±0.018, obviously lower than 0.979±0.015 in remifentanil group (t=2.070, P<0.05). Conclusions Application of remifentanil with small dosage has effective analgesia for conscious burn patients with non-intubation during dressing changes, however, adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting are likely to occur. Remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine not only guarantee the analgesic effect, but also reduce the dosage of analgesics, improve the sedative effect and satisfaction of the patients for anesthesia, and reduce various adverse effects. However, it will increase the incidence of bradycardia and has some inhibition effect on circulation at the same time.

Objective To explore the effect ofhypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on the expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Two hundred and four SD rats were randomly assigned into TBI group (n=96),HPC group (giving HPC and TBI,n=96) and blank control group (n=12).The rats in the TBI group were subjected to TBI with freefall impact method,while the rats of HPC group were treated with the same methods after HPC (50.47 kpa,3 d,3 h/d).And then,they were sacrificed at each time point (1,4,8 and 12 h,and 1,3,7 and 14 d after injury).RT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expression changes of SphK-1 in brain contusion area at each time points after injury.Immumohistochemical staining (IgG method) was used to detect the BBB permeability changes of the rats.Results IgG scores and Sphk-1 mRNA and protein expressions in rats of TBI group and HPC group began to increase at 1 h after injury and reached the highest level 1 d after injury; they were still higher than the normal levels,with significant differences (P＜0.05); SphK-1 mRNA and protein expressions in all the three groups had the same increased trend at all the time points excepted on the 14th d of injury,with significant differences (P＜0.05).IgG scores showed that the BBB permeability in the TBI group at each time point was significantly higher than that in the HPC group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hypoxic preconditioning can increase SphK-1 expressions after TBI to promote sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine transformation so as to protect of the integrity of BBB.