The injurious changes of the microvasculature in the maxillofacial region due to high-velocity bullet injury were observed in different time intervals with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that there were microthrombus formation in the vascular lumen, and endothelial loss and dege-neration or necrosis of the vascular wall in the microvasulature around the wound. Our findings indicate that when early reconstructive surgery for the tissue defect due to gunshot wound especially for those in the maxillofacial region is to be performed with microsurgical technique, it is essential for the surgeon to realize and consider the wounding condition on the microvasculature of the recipient site.

Objective:To identify effective biomarkers for glioma patients.Methods:The mRNA expression profiles of 464 glioma patients with complete clinical follow-up information were downloaded from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify gene modules related to World Health Organization (WHO) grading of glioma, and univariate and multivatiate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify gliomas survival-related genes.Results:In weighted gene co-expression analysis, the module Brown was significantly positively correlated with glioma WHO stage ( r=0.55, P<0.05). In univariate analysis, five genes (TAGLN2, IGFBP2, METTL7B, ARAP3, PLAT) that were most significantly associated with clinical prognosis were selected for multivariate survival analysis, and the prognosis model was established to calculate the risk score. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) confirmed that the risk score had high accuracy in predicting the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate of glioma patients. The above survival analysis results were verified in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Conclusions:We use mRNA expression profiles to establish prognostic markers for gliomas to assess the overall survival of patients with glioma.

Objective To explore the protective effects of Caspase inhibitor on in vitro hippocampal neurons of rats with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury.Methods The primary hippocampal neurons from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured for 7 days,and then,divided into control group,OGD/re-OG treatment group,Caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) treatment group and DMSO treatment group; and OGD/re-OG was performed in the later three groups for OGD duration of 6 h.Through the experimental process,20 μmol/L Z-VAD-FMK was given to the Z-VAD-FMK treatment group,while 1‰ DMSO was added into culture medium in the DMSO group.The morphology of the neurons was observed 24 hours after re-OG under light microscopy and electron microscopy.MTT assay was used to determine the rate of survived cells and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content in culture medium.The neurons apoptosis rate was measured by using flow cytometry (Annexin V-FITC/PI).Caspase-3 activity of neurons was analyzed by colorimetry.The protein expression of Caspase-3 wasassessed by Western blotting.Results Cells in the OGD/re-OG treatment group showed swelled body,some having ruptured membrane,cell integrity being damaged,cell nucleus edema,mitochondrial swelling and cristae ordered chaos; cells in the Z-VAD-FMK treatment group showed decreased injury as compared with the OGD/re-OG treatment group,having cell integrity; as compared with the OGD/re-OG treatment group,Z-VAD-FMK treatment group had significantly higher absorbance value (0.204±0.019 vs.0.303±0.018) and cell survivalrate (0.481％±0.045％vs.0.704％±0.040％),obviously decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content ([406.500±21.286] U/L vs.[326.000±20.278] U/L),apoptosis rate (49.700％±3.100％ vs.29.820％±2.839％),absorbance value of the Caspase-3 active area and Caspase-3 protein expression (1.070±0.077 vs.0.785±0.058),with statistically differences (P＜0.05).Conclusions Caspase inhibitor may protect rat hippocampal neurons from oxygen glucose deprivation injury by inhibiting Caspase-3 activity.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of drilling and drainage combined with atorvastatin calcium tablets in treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).Methods Totally,46 patients with CSDH,admitted to and received therapy in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2017,were selected for this research.These patients were divided into control group (n=16) and experimental group (n=30) according to therapeutic schemes.The patients from the control group underwent drilling and drainage.Besides that,the patients from the experimental group were given atorvastatin calcium tablets additionally,20 mg/d×2 months.Two months after that,the curative efficacy,hematoma volume before and after operation,pneumocephalus volume one week after operation,duration of tube drainage,length of hospital stay,China stroke scale (CSS) scores,activities of daily life-Barthel index scale (ADL-BI) and visual analog scale (VAS) score were compared between the patients from the two groups.Results Two months after treatment,patients from the experimental group had significantly decreased hematoma volume as compared with those from the control group (P＜0.05).The hematoma volume in both groups 2 months after treatment was significantly decreased as compared with that before treatment (P＜0.05).The pneumocephalus volume,indwelling time of drainage tube,and hospital stays in the experimental group were significantly shorter/lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The CSS scores and VAS scores in the experimental group 2 months after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The ADL-BI scores in the experimental group 2 months after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The ADL-BI scores in both groups 2 months after treatment was significantly increased as compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusion As compared with simple use of drilling and drainage,drilling and drainage combined with atorvastatin calcium tablets can help hematoma absorption,decrease incidence of pneumocephalu,and improve prognosis effectively.