Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings and renal patho logic changes,as well as their relationships in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).Methods According to the latest classification criteria of lupus nephritis,the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings and renal patho logic changes and their relationships of 281 cases of biopsy proven LN were retrospectively analyzed.Results Totally 281 cases of LN patients were enrolled in total.The ratio of male to female was 1∶9.7.Proteinuria ac companied with hematuria (35.2%) and nephrotie syndrome (33.8%) were the main clinical manifestations. The most common renal pathological change was type Ⅳ LN (35.9%) and type Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ accounting for 89.0% totally.The main pathologic changes of nephrotic syndrome were type Ⅳ and Ⅴ,while those who ac companied with renal dysfunction were mainly type Ⅵ and Ⅳ.Most simple hematuria cases showed mild renal injury.However,type Ⅳ and Ⅴ accounted for 40.4% in the 47 cases of LN whose 24 hours urine protein＜ 1.0 g and with normal renal function.Most severe proteinuria was found in Type Ⅴ and higher serum creatinine and anti-dsDNA antibody level were found in type Ⅵ and Ⅳ.The lowest lever of serum complement 3 (C3) was found in type Ⅳ.The amount of 24 hours urine protein showed negative correlation with semm C3 but positive correlation with serum creatinine.Serum C3 demonstrated negative relationship with serum creatinine and anti-dsDNA antibody,while serum creatinine was positively related to anti-dsDNA antibody level. Conclusion The major renal pathological lesions of LN are type Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ.There are associations be tween clinical and pathological changes,but axe not always consistent.Proteinuria,low serum C3 and high an ti-dsDNA antibody level may provide clue to severe and active LN.Renal biopsy is important in the diagnosis and progression evaluation of LN.

Pathohistological observations on the soft tissue wounds experimentally produced with steel-bullets of three different weights and 8 different velocities were carried out on 42 dogs. It was found that if the weight of the bullets was identi- cal while their velocities were different, the severity of the injury and the extent of the contusion zone were directly related to the velocity of the bullet. The characteristic feature was that the injury at the entrance of the bullet was more severe than that at the exit. It might be resulted from the fact that the energy of the bullet was rapidly delivered soon after it penetrated the skin because of its light weight and the high resistance of the tissues.

OBJECTIVETo explore an early stage repair method for soft tissue defect of limbs of modern firearm wound, and to improve treating result.

METHODSDefects of the hind limbs of dogs were repaired with skin, muscle and myocutaneous flaps.

RESULTSWounds healed within 2 weeks in the experimental group except one that healed in 3 weeks because of infection. Limb function was close to normal. The treatment result was better in the experimental group than the control.

CONCLUSIONSSkin, muscle and myocutaneous flaps can cover soft tissue defect at an early stage, prevent and reduce infection, promote the healing and recovery of combined injury, reduce the time of treatment and disability rate.

Animals ; Debridement ; Dogs ; Hindlimb ; injuries ; Microsurgery ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Wound Healing ; Wounds, Gunshot ; surgery

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) combined with caspofungin for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)patients with moderate to severe pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) requiring mechanical ventilation.Methods:The clinical data of AIDS patients who admitted to Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from March 1, 2019 to March 1, 2021 with moderate to severe PCP requiring mechanical ventilation were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between two groups receiving either combination therapy with TMP/SMZ and caspofungin (combination therapy group) or TMP/SMZ monotherapy (monotherapy group). The patients were divided into two subgroups according to the baseline arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2), patients with arterial PaO 2≥50 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and PaO 2 <50 mmHg. The clinical efficacies of combination therapy and monotherapy in each subgroup were further compared. Chi-square and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. The three-month survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the three-month survival rates were compared by Log-rank method. Results:A total of 83 patients were enrolled, including 23 in the monotherapy group and 60 in the combination therapy group. There was no significant difference in all-cause hospital mortalities between these two groups (34.8%(8/23) vs 23.3%(14/60), χ2=1.12, P=0.290). Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated no significant difference in the three-month survival rates between the two groups ( χ2=0.51, P=0.477). There ware no significant differences observed in the positive clinical response rates and the mechanical ventilation rates after seven days of anti-PCP treatment between the two groups ( χ2=0.02 and 0.01, respectively, both P>0.05). In the 52 patients with PaO 2≥50 mmHg, no significant difference in all-cause hospital mortalities was observed between the monotherapy group and the combination therapy group (2/13 vs 25.6%(10/39), χ2=0.14, P=0.704). There was no statistical significance in the three-month survival rates between the two groups ( χ2=0.69, P=0.407). No significant difference was observed either in the clinical positive response rates or the mechanical ventilation rates after seven days of anti-PCP treatment between the two group( χ2=1.02 and 0.69, respectively, both P>0.05). In the 31 patients with PaO 2<50 mmHg, the all-cause hospital mortality in the combination therapy group was 19.0%(4/21), while six of the 10 patients in the monotherapy group died, and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher exact test, P=0.040). The three-month survival rate in the combination therapy group was significantly higher than that in the monotherapy group ( χ2=4.09, P=0.043). There were no significant differences in clinical positive response rate and the mechanical ventilation rate after seven days of anti-PCP treatment between the two group (Fisher exact test, both P>0.05). The overall adverse event rate in the monotherapy group was 87.0%(20/23), with an incidence of 56.5%(13/23) for both electrolyte disturbances and bone marrow suppression. The above incidences in the combination therapy group were 78.3%(47/60), 35.0%(21/60) and 53.3%(32/60), respectively, and all differences were not statistically significant ( χ2=0.34, 3.18 and 0.07, respectively, all P>0.05). Conclusions:The efficacy of combination therapy with TMP/SMZ and caspofungin is comparable to that of TMP/SMZ monotherapy in AIDS patients with moderate to severe PCP requiring mechanical ventilation. However, in AIDS patients with PCP requiring mechanical ventilation with the baseline PaO 2<50 mmHg, the efficacy of combination therapy is statistically superior to that of TMP/SMZ monotherapy. Combination therapy does not increase the risk of adverse events.

This study was aimed to establish a suitable consistency evaluation system according to the existing problems in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the development of Chinese medicine industry.Based on the particularity of TCM,combined with the advanced technology of TCM quality evaluation through the construction of TCM quality consistency evaluation system,this study explored a new quality evaluation method for seeking new breakthrough.The results showed that a new quality evaluation model of TCM using multiple indexes,which included "trait evaluation + chemical evaluation + biological evaluation" to achieve the consistency of TCM by effective combinations.It was concluded that the exploration provided some references for the evaluation of quality consistency of TCM.