[Objective]To discuss the pathogenesis,hierarchy,treatment and medication rules of deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.[Methods]Combining with the medical theory of later physicians,this paper clarifies the pathogenesis and syndrome of deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome,explains the mechanism of Yang deficiency and Yin excess syndrome from the perspective of pathophysiology.This paper also analyzes the differences among the various versions of the text of the Shaoyin Chapter including the variations in disease location,the pathogen nature,stomach Qi and body fluid,and inducts the implicit therapeutic principles in the Shaoyin Chapter.[Results]The principle of differentiation and treatment for deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome is"protecting stomach Qi and preserving body fluids",which can be subdivided into Taiyin damp earth disease,Shaoyin monarch fire disease,and Jueyin wind wood disease.Through careful observation,questioning,smelling and palpation,combined with the pathological and physiological basis of modern medicine,it can accurately diagnose deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome.Shaoyin plays a crucial role in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.The structure of the Shaoyin Chapter is well-organized and can dynamically reflect the changes in the pathogenesis of Shaoyin syndrome,the combination of Shaoyin and Taiyin or Jueyin,or the tri-coordination syndrome of these location.From the text,it can be inferred that the location of the disease begins on the surface and gradually extends to the interior.The treatment methods will include moxibustion,warming the meridians,warming Yang and dredging Yang.The severity of the illness and the presence of phlegm-fluid determine the treatment,which may involve dispersing cold,dispersing fluids,and promoting urination.The degree of exhaustion of bodily fluids may require either reviving Yang for resuscitation or nourishing Yin.[Conclusion]From a pathological and physiological perspective,the mechanisms behind the changes in the primary symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine can be explained.When treating deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome,the selection of herbal prescriptions should be based on factors such as the disease location,the pathogen nature,stomach Qi and body fluids.The treatment principles for deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome have instructive significance for the treatment of other syndromes as well.

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists on the individualized treatment of children with subglottic Talaromyces marneffei infection. METHODS ：The clinical pharmacists participated in the medication procedure for a case of subglottic T. marneffei infection child . The clinical pharmacists suggested that Budesonide suspension for inhalation should be stopped，according to the subglottic infection pathogen type （T. marneffei ）；Itraconazole oral solution should be chosen and taken orally 2.5 mg/kg，q12 h，and indicators as liver function ，blood potassium should be monitored regularly. However ，as Itraconazole oral solution needed to be applied for temporary purchase ，Itraconazole capsules 2.5 mg/kg，q12 h，p.o.，was administrated temporarily ；clinical pharmacists suggested that Itraconazole capsules should be taken after meal ，and the doctor changed the feeding mode of milk from q 4 h to continuous pumping. After purchased ，Itraconazole oral solution was used instead 2.5 mg/kg，q12 h in fasting state ，and according the clinical pharmacist ’s suggestion ，the doctor changed the nursing method to q 4 h milk pumping. After purchasing and using oral solution instead ，clinical pharmacists suggested taking it at fasting state ；according to the monitoring results and target range （0.5-1 mg/L），oral dose of Itraconazole oral solution was finally adjusted to 8.3 mg/kg， q12 h. In view of the diarrhea during the treatment ，clinical pharmacists suggested to continue the original treatment after considering the effectiveness and importance of the treatment ；at the same time ，discharge medication education should be carried out. RESULTS ： The doctors adopted the suggestions of the clinical pharmacists. The child got a clinical improvement and was discharged after 48 days. CONCLUSIONS ：Clinical pharmacists participate in the treatment of children with T. marneffei infection，timely assist physicians to adjust and improve the medication regimen ，which improve the efficacy and safety of medication for children.