Objective:To investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for total or near total circumferential early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods:Between November 2018 and April 2022, 37 patients who underwent RFA for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or intraepithelial neoplasia at Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University were included in a case-control study, and were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of postoperative esophageal stricture: the group with postoperative esophageal stenosis (case group, n=15) and the group without postoperative esophageal stenosis (control group, n=22). The differences in general information, endoscopic findings, and surgical procedures between the two groups were analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference in gender ( P=0.708), age ( t=1.106, P=0.413), smoking or drinking ( P=0.329), preoperative pathology ( P=0.194), circumferential situation ( P=1.000), Paris type ( P=0.379), lesion length ( t=-0.825, P=0.927), ablation length ( t=-0.134, P=0.723), ablation times ( P=0.306), or interval between each ablation ( P=0.500) between the two groups; however, there was significant difference in invasion depth between the two groups ( P=0.021). Conclusion:For total or near total circumferential early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions, the depth of lesion infiltration may affect the occurrence of esophageal stenosis after RFA. The likelihood of esophageal stenosis may rise with increased infiltration depth, suggesting a need for further research to validate these findings.