The association between the adverse pregnancy outcome and the exposure to air pollutants has recently become a major concern.The researches on the relationship between air pollutants and preterm delivery and low birth weight need to be further studied.This paper reviewed the epidemiological studies on the impact of air pollutants(PM10,CO,NO2,SO2 etc) on preterm delivery and low birth weight,aimed to provide some references for the control of air pollution and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcome and the further study on the mechanism.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) is a class of organic pollutants widely distributed in various environmental medium,and human exposure can occur by many routes (inhalation,ingestion,and skin contact),regardless of the source. PAHs can seriously impact human health and environment due to their high toxicity,stability. Studies on the toxicity of PAHs have involved in many fields,such as genotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,developmental toxicity,carcinogenesis and so on. The development of studies on genotoxicity of PAHs was reviewed in this paper,including DNA damage,chromosome damage and genetic susceptibility.

Objective To know the effects of air pollution on the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in the placenta tissue of women in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. Methods The decrement of BaP after the metabolic procedure was used as the indicator of AHH activity. 151 lying-in women were selected and the AHH activity in the placenta was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer, the precooling EDTA was added in the determination to inactivate AHH and to stop the reaction completely in order to get more stable result. Results The AHH activity in the placenta tissue increased as the atmospheric particle concentration and the BaP concentration in the particles increased. Conclusion The air pollution may induce the AHH activity increase in the placenta tissue of pregnant women in Taiyuan. The AHH activity can be used as the biological monitoring indicator in the PAHs polluted areas.

The biomarkers can facilitate the evaluation of the factors modulating susceptibility to carcinogens among human populations. As an indicator of DNA damage, carcinogen-DNA adducts represent a critical step on the carcinogenic pathway. Genetic differences in detoxification capabilities and the DNA repair efficiency may modulate PAH-induced DNA damage and carcinogenesis. Experimental animal studies have demonstrated that the fetus and infant are more susceptible to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) induced carcinogenesis than adults. Recent years, more and more studies have shown that the prenatal exposure to PAHs not only associated with the increasing risk of cancer, but also related to adverse birth outcomes. This paper reviewed the differential susceptibility to PAHs between the paired maternal and newborn and discussed the relationship between the DNA adducts levels and the gene polymorphisms.

Due to a greater emphasis placed on non-animal test and our deeper understanding of allergic contact dermatitis,many researchers have tried several approaches in developing an in vitro skin sensitization test.The development of in vitro methods for predicting contact sensitization potential was reviewed in this paper,including cell-based methods,human skin equivalent/reconstituted epidermis cultures,peptide/protein reactivity,and quantitative structure-activity relationship.

Objective To study the relation between copper,copper-zinc ratio in blood and blood-fat only in the copper intake lower than the normal acceptable daily intake,and to provide a unified dosage evidence for copper multi-ways exposure.Methods Forty-two SD rats were divided into 7 groups randomly.The rats in one group among them as the normal control group were fed on the normal fodder and water,the other 6 groups were fed on special fodder without copper and deionized water and i.g.copper gluconate at doses of 0ADI(the acceptable daily intake of rat),1/625ADI(0.000 128 mg/ml),1/125ADI(0.000 64 mg/ml),1/25ADI(0.003 2 mg/ml),1/5ADI(0.016 mg/ml) and ADI(0.8 mg/ml),for 30 days.The activity of ceruloplasmin(CP),the content of copper,zinc in the blood and the level of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein(HDL) and low density-lipoprotein(LDL) were determined.Results In the case of copper intake lower than the normal acceptable daily intake,the activity of CP in the blood of all treated rats were lower than the normal level(P

Objective To explore the transmission route of Legionella pneumophila in central air-conditioning system. Methods The environmental samples collected from four public places of Nanjing city were detected by nested-PCR and analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. Results The positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in sediment, cooling water, aerosol near cooling tower, dust in duct surface and indoor air were 100%(9/9),78.6% (11/14),25.4% (17/67),16.7% (2/12) and 17.3% (13/75), respectively. The nucleotide sequence similarities of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and indoor air was more than 92%. Conclusion The main pollution source of Legionella pneumophila is cooling water and Legionella pneumophila can be transmitted to indoor air through central airconditioning system.

Objective To discuss the relationship between chronic bronchitis and meteorological conditions in Nanjing. Methods Took the record of the recrudescing time of 200 old chronic bronchitis patients for a year. The correlation between the changing of air temperature and pressure and the monthly chronic bronchitis recrudescing in a year was analyzed. The main meteorological conditions by which recrudescing were affected in different season were selected with multiple stepwise correlation analysis. Results There were chronic bronchitis patients recrudescing the whole year, but the most were in winter and the least in summer. The most recrudescing happened in December and April, and the least in May and July. The meteorological factors that affected chronic bronchitis patients recrudescing were air temperature, pressure and wind speed. The relative coefficient of case numbers between 24 hours variations of air temperature and pressure was 0.5762(P=0.0499) and 0.5841(P=0.0461), respectively. Conclusion The steady meteorological conditions are not good for recrudescing of chronic bronchitis patients. And temperature descent and high air pressure are the main meteorological factors that induce chronic bronchitis recrudescing.

Objective To explore the impacts of high temperature on health in summer in different cities of China.Methods The ettects of high temperature on health in different cities were analyzed through metereological data collecting and questionnaire survey on health of residents in Guangazhou,Nanjing and Harbin cities,300 cases respectively.Results Guangzhou,Nanjing and Harbin locat in different latitudes and have deifferent climates.Guangzhou had the high temperature all the year,with little daily temperature difference.Nanjing had cold winter and hot summer.Harbin's temperature all the year round and large daily temperature difference.In summer of 2003,the utilization rate of air-condition was 85%,75% and 12%,(respectively in Guangzhou,Nanjing and Harbin),the insomnia rate was 21.6%,38.3% and 12.9%,the occurrence rate of fatigue was 21%,25.1% and 15.2%,the occurrence rate of aggravation of existing diseases was 5.0%,7.3% and 6.1%,the incidence rate of heatstroke was 21.6%,38.3% and 12.9%,respectively.Conclusion High temperature in summer can lead to not only heat stroke,but also insomnia,fatigue,aggravation of existing diseases,et al.The residents in different cities have different tolerance to high temperature.The continual climate warming will threat human health in different latitude cities in difterent latitudes.

A method was developed for the determination of four kinds of bisphenolic and halogenated bisphenolic compounds including bisphenol F, bisphenol A, tetrachlorobisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A in human urine using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analytes was extracted by solid phase extraction. The separation of the analytes was achieved on an Atlantis T3 column (3. 0×150 mm, 3 μm) gradient eluted with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and water at the rate of 250 μL/min, and detected by an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple-reaction-monitoring negative mode. The quantification was carried out by matrix-matched calibration curve. The average recoveries at 3 spiked levels were 86%-118%, with intra-day precision of 2 . 6%-17 . 0% and inter-day precision of 3. 2%-18. 0%. The limits of detection of four analytes (S/N=3) were 0. 01-0. 25 μg/L. The method was applied to the analysis of 200 human urines samples and the results showed that the method was simple, sensitive and reliable.