Objective To study the expressions of HER2 and p16 in human endomctrial carcino-ms,and the relation with FIGO stage,cell differentiated degree.Methods Endometrial cancer was 46 cas-es,atypical hyperplasia was 10 cases,endometrial hyperplasia was 10 cases,normal endometrium was 20cases.The immunohistochemical S-P methods were used to detect the expression of HER2 and p16.Results The expression ofHER2in endometrial cancerwasmuch higherthan others(P＜0.01),moreover,the expression was increased with the increase of clinical stages(P ＜ 0.05) and the decrease of differentiated degree(P ＜ 0.05). The expression of p 16 in endometrial cancer was lower than others (P ＜ 0.05 ), and the expres-sion was reduced with the increase of clinical stages(P ＜ 0.01 ) and the decrease of differentiated degree(P ＜0.05).There was negative correlation between expression of HER2 and p16 in uterine endometrial cancer(r ＝ -0.4213, P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions The expression of HER2 and p16 in endometrial cancer is associat-ed with the biological behavior of endometrial cancer. HER2 and p16 may be used as objective predictable indicators of endometrial cancer to guide the postoperative treatment.

To investigate the effects of Ligustrazine on histogenesis of bone marrow in the early phase of hematopoietic reconstruction in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) mice. The syngeneic BMT mice model was established. The syngeneic BMT mice were orally given 2 mg Ligustrazine twice a day. 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 21 day(s) after BMT, peripheral blood granulocytes and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) were counted and the diameter of central vein and the area of micro-vessel in femur were measured. The effect of Ligustrazine on hematopoietic stem cells was observed by colony forming unit of spleen (CFU-S). The effect of Ligustrazine on hemopoietic progenitors was studied by observing the number of progenitors of Granulocytes/Macrophage on day 10 and day 20 after BMT. In Ligustrazine-treated group, the diameter of center veins and the area of micro-vessel of femur were all significantly less than the control group 7, 10, 15, 21 days after BMT (P < 0.01). In addition, Ligustrazine significantly increased the number of CFU-S on day 10 and the number of CFU-GM on day 10, 20 after BMT. These results indicate that Ligustrazine can accelerate the histogenesis of hemopoietic bone marrow, which may be one mechanism by which Ligustrazine promotes hematopoietic reconstitution after BMT.
*Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Hematopoiesis/*drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pyrazines/*pharmacology ; Time Factors

Objective To explore whether PPARαtransgenic mice are more sensitive animal models in the evalua-tion of toxicity of PPARαagonists.Methods Twenty-eight 8-week old PPARαtransgenic mice (Tg) and 28 C57BL/6J mice (WT) with half males and half females were randomly divided into high dose group (400 mg/kg of clofibrate), low dose group (30 mg/kg of clofibrate) and solvent control group (10%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ).The time of gavage administration lasted 28 days.The blood biochemistry , organ coefficient and pathological changes of the heart , liver, kid-neyweretestedafterthedrugadministration.Thegrowthofmicewasalsorecorded.Results ①Bloodbiochemistry:Com-pared with the WT male administration group , in the Tg male administration group , the levels of blood creatinine ( CREA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were markedly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05).② Organ coefficient: Compared with the Tg control group, the kidney coefficients of Tg administration group were significantly increased (P<0.01,P<0.05).③Histopathology:Compared with the WT administration group , the pathological damages of liver and kidney were more serious in the Tg administration group .Conclusions Compared with C57BL/6J mouse, PPARαtransgenic mice are more sensitive in evaluation of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of PPARαagonists .It is a new animal model .

At present, the global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is still high. Although bismuth-containing quadruple regimens are recommended by international consensus and guidelines as a first-line treatment for Hp infection, the compliance is decreasing due to more drugs needed and higher adverse events. In recent years, many studies on eradication regimen containing high-dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and amoxicillin, a low-resistance and acid-labile antibiotic, demonstrated that the dual therapy could achieve high eradication rate equivalent to the mainstream fist-line therapies and had the advantages of less adverse events, simpler drug composition and higher compliance. However, there are discrepancies in dosage and frequencies of drugs in dual therapies, and cannot reach a unified regimen. This article reviewed all kinds of the dual therapy regimens, which might be helpful for determining the optimal dosage, frequencies, and treatment course, so as to standardize the dual therapy.

Since 2015, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES), the Digestive Endoscopy Specialized Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association Endoscopy Physician Branch, the Asia-Pacific working group and the International Consensus Group have updated the guidelines for acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB). This article summarized these recently published guidelines and made a systematic comparison from the aspects of pre-endoscopic management, endoscopic management, post-endoscopic management and secondary prophylaxis for providing a reference for standardizing the management process of ANVUGIB.

To investigate the effects of Ligustrazine on histogenesis of bone marrow in the early phase of hematopoietic reconstruction in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) mice. The syngeneic BMT mice model was established. The syngeneic BMT mice were orally given 2 mg Ligustrazine twice a day. 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 21 day(s) after BMT, peripheral blood granulocytes and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) were counted and the diameter of central vein and the area of micro-vessel in femur were measured. The effect of Ligustrazine on hematopoietic stem cells was observed by colony forming unit of spleen (CFU-S). The effect of Ligustrazine on hemopoietic progenitors was studied by observing the number of progenitors of Granulocytes/Macrophage on day 10 and day 20 after BMT. In Ligustrazine-treated group, the diameter of center veins and the area of micro-vessel of femur were all significantly less than the control group 7, 10, 15, 21 days after BMT (P < 0.01). In addition, Ligustrazine significantly increased the number of CFU-S on day 10 and the number of CFU-GM on day 10, 20 after BMT. These results indicate that Ligustrazine can accelerate the histogenesis of hemopoietic bone marrow, which may be one mechanism by which Ligustrazine promotes hematopoietic reconstitution after BMT.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Time Factors

To explore the effects of platelet factor 4(PF4) on hematopoietic reconstitution and its mechanism in syngenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The syngenic BMT mice models were established. 20 and 26 h before irradiation, the mice were injected 20 micrograms/kg PF4 or PBS twice into abdominal cavity, then the donor bone marrow nuclear cells (BMNC) were transplanted. On the 7th day, spleen clone forming units (CFU-S) were counted. On the 7th, 14th and 21st day after BMT, the BMNC and megakaryoryocytes in bone marrow tissue were counted and the percentage of hematopoietic tissue and expression level of heparan sulfate in bone marrow tissue were assessed. In PF4-treated groups, the CFU-S counts on the 7th day were higher than those in BMT groups after BMT. The BMNC and megakaryoryocyte counts and the percentage of hematopoietic tissue and heparan sulfate expression level were higher than those in BMT group on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after BMT (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). PF4 could accelerate hematopoietic reconstitution of syngenic bone marrow transplantation. The promotion of the heparan sulfate expression in bone marrow may be one of mechanisms of PF4.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Heparitin Sulfate ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Platelet Factor 4 ; pharmacology ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Spleen ; cytology ; Stem Cells ; Whole-Body Irradiation

Objective To investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency(ID)and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women in urban areas of China. Methods The study was a national cross-sectional survey conducted from September 19th, 2016 to November 20th, 2016. According to the classification of the National Bureau of Statistics, all survey sites were set up in 6 regions of the country. Pregnant women were continuously selected using multistage stratified sampling. A total of 12 403 pregnant women were collected and examined for serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. Results The median serum ferritin level during pregnancy was 20.60 μg/L(11.78-36.98 μg/L), the hemoglobin level was(118±12)g/L. With the progress of pregnancy, the levels of serum ferritin and hemoglobin decreased gradually. The median serum ferritin levels in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 54.30 μg/L(34.48-94.01 μg/L), 28.60 μg/L(16.40-50.52 μg/L), and 16.70 μg/L(10.20-27.00 μg/L)respectively(P<0.01). The mean hemoglobin levels were(127 ± 10)g/L,(119 ± 11)g/L and(117 ± 11)g/L respectively(P<0.01). The prevalence of ID in urban pregnant women was 48.16%(5 973/12 403), and IDA prevalence was 13.87% (1 720/12 403). The prevalence of IDA in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 1.96% (20/1 019), 8.40%(293/3 487)and 17.82%(1 407/7 897), respectively(P<0.01). The prevalence of standardized ID and IDA were significantly different in various regions of China(P<0.01). The standardized prevalence of ID were relatively higher in East China and Northeast China, 57.37% and 53.41% respectively, while it was the lowest in Southwest China, 30.51%. The standardized prevalence of IDA in South Central, Northwest, and East China were relatively high, 21.30%, 16.97% and 17.53% respectively, and the standardized prevalence of IDA in Southwest China was the lowest, 5.44%,the differents in various regions were significant(all P<0.01). Conclusion The current phenomenon of ID and IDA in pregnant women is still very common,and nutrition and health care during pregnancy should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of artesunate on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and its mechanism in neonatal rats. Methods 7-day-old neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, artesunate 5 mg/kg group, artesunate 10 mg/kg group, artesunate 20 mg/kg group and dexamethasone 6 mg/kg group, with 18 rats in each group. HIBD models were established in groups except for the sham operation group. The sham operation group only needed to separate the left common carotid artery without ligation and nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas ventilation. Each group was injected with drug intraperitoneally right after surgery and the rats in the sham operation group and the model group were injected with an equal volume of normal saline (once a day for a total of 5 times). One hour after the last injection, the rats in each group were scored for neurological defects. After the rats were sacrificed, the brain water content was measured and the pathological changes of the brain tissues of rats were observed. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect the neuronal cell apoptosis, and ELISA was applied to detect the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in brain tissues and peripheral blood of each group of rats. Western blot analysis was adopted to detect the protein expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 in the rats brain tissues of each group. Results Compared with the model group, the neurological deficit score was decreased; the pathological damage of brain tissues was relieved; the brain water content was significantly reduced; the apoptosis number of hippocampal neurons was decreased significantly; the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in brain tissues and peripheral blood were significantly reduced; the protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were significantly lowered in the middle-dose and high-dose artesunate groups and the dexamethasone group. Conclusion Artesunate can improve the neurological function, relieve the brain damage, and alleviate the brain edema in neonatal rats with HIBD. It can protect the HIBD, which may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduction of inflammatory cytokine secretion.
Animals ; Rats ; Animals, Newborn ; Artesunate/pharmacology* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Caspases/metabolism* ; Dexamethasone ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology* ; Inflammasomes ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Water/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE：To explore th e applicatio n of team situatio nal simulation education and teaching mode in clinical pharmacy teaching. METHODS ：A total of 60 clinical pharmacy interns were selected as the research objects ，and course disease was type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thirty interns were randomly selected as control group ，using traditional teaching mode ；other 30 interns were selected as trial group ，which carried out team situational simulation education and teaching mode. The teaching effects were evaluated by using the satisfaction of interns to the two modes ，the comprehensive score of graduation examination and the self-evaluation of learning effect. RESULTS ：Compared with traditional teaching mode ，team situational simulation education and teaching mode was conducive to stimulate the learning interest of interns ，improve their interpersonal communication ability ， cultivate teamwork spirit ，improve the awareness of humanistic care ，and cultivate the professional attitude of clinical pharmacists （P＜0.05）. Compared with control group ，the comprehensive score of trial group was dominantly increased （P＜0.001），and the scores of professional quality ，humanistic care and communication skills in the trial group were significantly higher than control group（P＜0.01）. In terms of self-evaluation of learning effect ，except for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the commonly used treatment regimens ，the self-evaluation scores of the other items in trial group were significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Team situational simulation education and teaching mode is superior to traditional teaching mode for clinical pharmacy teaching.