Objective To evaluate intravesical epirubicin instillation for preventing the recurrence of superficial bladder tumors after surgical management. Methods From Aug.1998 to Aug.1999, 32 cases of superficial bladder tumors after TURBt or partial cystectomy, received early single intravesical epirubicin instillation and the patients have been followed up for 12～24 months with cystoscopy. Results The patients followed up from 12～24 months after surgery(average time was 18 months).In 4 patients the tumor recurred 3, 6, 7 and 8 months after surgery.No side effect and complication was observed either during or after the instillation. Conclusions Early single intravesical epirubicin instillation is markedly effective for preventing the recurrence of superficial bladder tumors after surgical management. Its toxic side effects are mild. This method is of high clinical value.

Dental Prosthesis ; Humans ; Prosthodontics ; methods

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of cerebral microembolism in patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic extracranial and intracranial arterial stenosis and to assess its relationship to the onset and course of ischemic stroke.MethodsTCD was used to monitor patients with extracranial and intracranial cerebral arterial stenosis. Double channel four-gated and power M-Mode were used to detect microembolic signals (MES). The recording time was 60 min and the number of MES was counted. Patients were divided into 2 groups as extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups as asymptomatic, acute ischemic stroke (<30 d) and old ischemic stroke (≥30 d).ResultsThe total number of monitored artery was 74 in 63 patients. In ICA stenosis with asymptom, old ischemic stroke and acute ischemic stroke, the frequency of MES was 0(0/10), 0(0/7), 33%(6/18) and the number of MES in acute ischemic stroke was 3, 9, 8, 10, 1, 40 (mean=11.8). In MCA stenosis with asymptom, old ischemic stroke and acute ischemic stroke, the frequency of MES was 14%(2/14), 14%(1/7), 39%(7/18) and the number of MES was 4 and 1 in asymptom, 1 in old ischemic stroke, 4, 1, 4, 15, 16, 1 and 29(mean=10) in acute ischemic stroke. In ICA stenosis, the difference between acute ischemic stroke and asymptom (P=0.013), between acute and old ischemic stroke (P=0.031) reached statistic significance.In MCA stenosis, there was no significant difference between acute ischemic stroke and asymptom (P=0.115), so as between acute and old ischemic stroke (P=0.214).ConclusionEmbolism was important in the mechanism of ischemic stroke due to extracranial and intracranial arterial stenosis. The closer to ischemic stroke onset, the higher the frequency and the number of MES. TCD monitor was helpful to study the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke due to extracranial and intracranial arterial stenosis and determine the treatment.

SUMMARY Here we report a case of cervical spondylosis misdiagnosed as cerebral infarction .The pa-tient was a 55-year-old man with a one-day history of weakness in his right extremities .Brain magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) showed no acute abnormality , cerevical MRI showed that cervical spondylisis , C4/5 , C5/6 disc herniation , spinal canal stenosis and compression of the spinal cord .Then the patient was transferred to the Department of Orthopaedics and underwent surgical treatment of cervical spondylo -sis.Followed-up for six months , the weakness of his right extremities returned to normal .

Tooth bleaching has become a routine way of treating tooth staining. It is necessary to teach tooth bleaching in undergraduate education of Stomatology. The possibility of teaching bleaching was explored in our school and the teaching effects were assessed by questionnaires to undergraduate students of Stomatology in 2005 and 2006 degree after class. The outcomes indicated that a teaching mode of “3+3+2” made a positive effect on the teaching of tooth bleaching, combining with multimedia teaching,problem-based learning and bilingual teaching. The present article summed up the experience of teaching tooth whitening in undergraduate education of Stomatology and gave some advice for improving the quality of teaching.

Objective:To investigate the influence of repeated stain firing on the translucency and the color of all-ceramic CAD/CAM restorations.Methods:16 all-ceramic sample disks, including 8 of A1C and 8 of A3C in the size of 15 mm?10 mm?1 mm were fabricated and fired for 5 times. Color was measured before and after stain firing using a colorimeter.Translucency was evaluated by determining the contrast ratio(CR), and changes in color were evaluated by determining color difference △E*ab,hue angle h_ ab *,chroma C_ ab and brightness L*.Results:The translucency of A3C was greater than that of A1C.More than 4 time firing increased CR value of both A1C and A3C samples(P

BACKGROUND: Electrochemically deposited coating, as an alternative method of plasma spraying coating, has arose widely attention, however, few reports concerning its in vivo biological features, especially the effect of coating on early osseointegration and duration of bone healing is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early osseointegration of electrodepositied calcium phosphate and calcium phosphate/chitosan coatings on rabbits' femurs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An open experiment. The experiment was performed at the Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Stomatology School of Wuhan University from April 2008 to May 2009. MATERIALS: Eighteen male Japanese rabbits were supplied by the animals' center of Wuhan University. Ti_6Al_4V alloy was purchased from Baoji Titanium Nickel Co., Ltd. Chitosan with over 75% degree of deacetylation was produced by American Sigma Company.METHODS: ① Cylindrical titanium alloy implants (3.3×8.0 mm) were designed with a gap (0.3×4.0 mm) in the middle part by using precision machine tool. The implants were prepared electrodeposited calcium phosphate coating surface (ELD group) and electrodeposited calcium phosphate/chitosan coating surface (ELDC group) with 2.5 mA/cm~2 electric current and 52 V temperature. Meantime, the implants with sandblasted surface were prepared as the control group. Totally 36 implants were randomly inserted into the distal femur condyles of 18 rabbits, and the new bone formation was labeled by fluorescence staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At weeks 2 and 4 after operation, the implants were subjected to histological and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: All groups were observed different-quantity new bone formation. However, only ELDC group was seen fibrous tissues intervened at bone-to-implant interface. The ELD coatings were heterogeneously degraded, and the majority of the ELDC coatings were degraded. The new bone within gaps of ELD and control groups could be seen under the confocal laser scanning microscope with a continuous process of bone apposition. Percentages of bone-to-implant contact within and outside of the gaps of ELD group at weeks 2 and 4 were significantly higher than those of ELDC and control groups (P < 0.05). Bone formation rates of ELD group were significantly higher than those of ELDC group at weeks 2 and 4 after operation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ELD implants can promote early osseointegration and induce bone tissue growth into the gaps; however, ELDC implants go against osseointegration of rabbit femurs.

Objective To measure the activity energy expenditure(AEE) of healthy adults during level walking by using indirect calorimetry,and to analyze the characteristics and underlying influencing factors such as age and gender. Methods A total of 60 healthy adults aged 20-50 years (30 males and 30 femdes) participated in the study.All the subjects were divided into six groups by gender and age (the age span of each group was 10 years). The subjects were arranged to walk at speeds of 3.5,4.5,5.5km/h and run at 5.5,6.5,7.5km/h, respectively, on the treadmill. The resting energy expenditure ( REE ) and AEE were measured during walking and running at different speeds.There was a 5-minute rest among the test sessions. Results No difference in terms of AEE between the female and male at the same age ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). During 3.5km/h walking,AEE of 21-30 year-old females was lower than 31-40 yearold females and males( P ＜0.05 ) ;During 4.5km/h walking,AEE of 31-40 year-old females was higher than 21-30 yearold females and males and 41-50 year-old females; AEE of 21-30 year-old females was lower than 41-50 year-old males (P ＜ 0.05 ) ;During 5.5km/h walking,AEE of 31-40 year-old females was higher than 21-30 year-old females and males ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). During 6.5 km/h running, AEE of 31-40 year-old females was higher than 41-50 year-old females ( P ＜0.05), while during 7.5km/h running, AEE of 21-30 year-old males was higher than 41-50 year-old females (P ＜0.05 ). It was also found that the AEE of all groups except the 41-50 year-old females group was higher when walking at the speed of 5.5km/h than running at the same speed( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Age has more effect on REE and AEE than the gender. AEE of elder subjects is higher than that of the younger ones during walking, however, AEE of younger people increases faster than the elders during running. AEE of 31-40 year-old females is the highest in all groups both in walking and running. AEE in running is higher than in walking at the same speed.

Objective To observe changes in mean platelet volume ( MPV) and investigate its possibility as a predictor and influence in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension associated with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD-PAH) . Methods 627 patients who suffered from secundum ASD were included in the study from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Heart Center between January 2010 and March 2014. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had PAH or not (PAH group, n = 420 and non-PAH group, n = 207) . We also included 690 healthy people as a control group who received routine body check up at the same time. Examinations including complete blood count, serum biochemistry and ECG were done. Right heart catheterization examination was performed in patients who suffered from secundum ASD. Results The MPV was significantly higher in secundum ASD patients than in the control group [ (9. 4 ± 1. 6) fl vs. (8. 9 ± 1. 5) fl, P ﹤ 0. 001] . No significant difference was observed in MPV between PAH group and non-PAH group (P = 0. 268) . In univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, age ( OR 1. 401, 95% CI 1. 087 to 1. 806, P = 0. 009), RV diameter (OR 1. 101, 95% CI 1. 026 - 1. 181, P = 0. 008) and ASD defect diameter (OR 1. 064, 95% CI 1. 013 - 1. 118, P = 0. 013) were associated with ASD-PAH. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that age, RV diameter and ASD defect diameter were associated with ASD-PAH. Platelet activation exists in ASD-PAH, but this may not be the precipitating cause that contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD-PAH. MPV at admission does not predict the risk of PAH in patients with secundum ASD.

Objective To estimate relationship between the brain atrophy rate and percent corpus callosum area change in patients with cerebral vascular disease.Methods Forty-six patients with cerebral vascular disease underwent MR scanning twice,at the baseline and at the end of the follow-up period.T1W images at both time points were processed automatically with structural image evaluation using normalization of atrophy(SIENA) software to determine the percent brain volume change(PBVC).In addition,the corpus callosum and the inner table of the skull on the mid-sagittal images of two scans were outlined manually to measure their areas.The percent of corpus callosum area change(PCCAC) was calculated.Then,the relationship between PBVC,PCCAC and age was statistically analyzed.Results Significant correlation was found among the three variables: spearman rank correlation coefficient was-0.295 for PBVC and age(P=0.047),while it was-0.4 for PCCAC and age(P=0.006),and 0.538 for PBVC and PCCAC(P=0.000).Conclusion SIENA software identifies brain atrophy quantitatively in patients with cerebral vascular disease,which correlated with area reduction of the corpus callosum.