This paper is to introduce the method in which the X-ray images on CCD are converted into BMP ones based on the correct format analysis and identification of X-ray images. The conversion can be realized through software design.

In this paper, the system model of digital dental clinic information system is introduced. The operating flow of dental clinic analyzed, the steps and key technologies for developing digital dental clinic are also discussed.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the health risk links involved in self-medication of Chinese urban residents. METHODS: Based on literature study and the experts consultation, the high risk links of the self-medication were defined according to the process of self-medication behavior and the probability of the health harm involved in the self-medication behavior, and the intervention suggestions were put forward for the health risks. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The health risk links involved in self-medication of Chinese urban residents appear as 6 links include self-diagnostic error, incorrect drug choice, failing to understand or follow drug package inserts in taking drugs, irrational drug use, unaware of the drug contraindication, disregarding the physiological particularity of the special drug users. Carrying out education on self-mediation and behavior management among the residents, and reinforcing the government control are the effective ways to reduce the health risk of self-medication.

Objective To evaluate the effects of inhaled bronchodilators on dynamic PEEPi in COPD patients.Methods Twenty moderate to severe COPD subjects were divided into three groups.Lung functions,PEEPi,dyn and Borg score were measured at baseline and 30 min after inhaled placebo,and after inhalation of salbutamol 400 ?g(or ipratropium 80 ?g),ipratropium 80 ?g(or salbutamol 400 ?g)in sequence at interval as specified in different groups.Results In comparison with placebo,PEEPi,dyn decreased after inhalied bronchodilators(P

Objective To investigate the methods of recording EMGscm and its significance in monitoring of central drive.Methods Three methods of collecting EMGscm were compared.The subjects were asked to re-breath until the highest PCO2-ET was reached and the EMGscm,Flow,VT(tidal volume),Ttot(Total time of respiratory cycle),and PCO2-ET were measured during the re-breathe.Results (1)The EMGscm did not appeared until the PCO2-ET reached the value of(48.2?2.6)mm Hg.The value of PCO2-EThighest was(81.2?6.6)mm Hg.(2)As the PETCO2 increased,the Ttot became shorter and shorter,from(2.91?0.85)s to(1.92?0.39)s,while the VT became higher and higher,from(0.68?0.27)L to(2.21?0.37)L.There was a statistical relationship between the Ttot(or VT)and the PCO2-ET,and their correlative coefficient was respectively(0.86?0.12)and(0.89?0.13)(both P

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficiency of monitoring noninvasive respiratory effort and respiratory load-capacity ratio in patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation by mean inspiratory pressure(Pi) which were calculated on the basis of the formula, Pi = 5 × P 0.1 × Ti, as well as the noninvasire tension index calculated from Pi(TTIi). Method Totally 12 patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation were enrolled in the study and their underlying diseases included COPD( n = 9), ARDS( n = 2) and status asthmaticus(n = 1) respectively. Esophageal pressure(PesoM) was monitored via the insertion of esophageal balloon and corrected esophageal pressure(Peso) was acquired by subtracting elastic pressure of chest wall from PesoM. P 0.1, Maximal inspiratory pressure on esophageal pressure curve(MIPeso) and on airway pressure curve(MIPaw) was measured with conventional technique. Pi was calculated on Pi = 5 × P 0.1 × Ti. Pi and MIPaw were used to calculate the noninvasive tension-time index TTIi, whereas Peso and MIPeso were used to calculate the invasive counterpart TTIeso. Comparisons, Correlation and Bland-Altman agreement analysis were made between P0.1 and Peso as well as between TIIi and TTIeso. Results There were no significant differences between Pi and Peso as well as between TTIi and TTIeso(P > 0.05) ,and the correlation coefficients were 0.974 and 0.957 respectively. In the agreement analysis, the mean difference between Pi and Peso, and between TTIi and TTIeso were lower than the minimal values of(Peso + PiSB )/2 and of(TIIi + TTIeso)/2, respectively. Conclusions There is a good correlation between Pi and Peso as well as between TTIi and TTIeso, in which Pi is calculated calculated from P 0.1 and in turn the TTIi is calculated from Pi. The noninvasive indices including Pi and TTIi can be used to monitor respiratory effort and respiratory load-capacity in patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation.

One hundred and sixteen senile patients (older than 65 years) with chronic heart failure (CHF) were analyzed retrospectively in order to verify if old patients with CHF would benefit from long-term (one year) angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) treatment. The frequency of drugs (including ACEI, digitalis and diuretic) used was stratified into four degrees accordingly. Development of the CHF was scored with regard to relapse rate and severity of this disease. Stepwise regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between the scored outcome of CHF and the frequency of individual drug administration. A significant relationship of the scored outcome of CHF to the frequency of ACEI usage but not to digitalis nor to diuretics was found (partial coefficient of the correlation r = 0.42, P = 0.002). It was concluded that the long-term administration of ACEI improves the outcome of CHF in senile patients.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Chronic Disease ; Heart Failure, Congestive/*drug therapy ; Heart Failure, Congestive/etiology ; Hypertension/complications ; Myocardial Ischemia/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To analyze the feasibility of body surface electrodes instead of multipair esophageal electrodes for the evaluation of neural respiratory drive in patients with COPD. Methods Diaphragm electromyo-gram(EMG)from body surface electrodes and multipair esophageal electrodes,was recorded in 29 patients with stable COPD recruited from outpatient clinic. Changes of neural respiratory drive of two kinds of electrodes during resting and maximal isocapnic ventilation (MIV) were observed before and after inhalation of bronchodilators. Results Ventilation significantly improved ,RMS-sur and RMS-eso significantly decreased after the inhalation of bronchodilators during resting and MIV. RMS-sur and RMS-eso were significantly correlated(r=0.660,P<0.01). Conclusion EMG from the surface electrodes may be a useful and noninvasive technique to evaluate neural respi-ratory drive in patients with COPD.

Hirudin as a novel anticoagulant and antithromotic agent, is a kind of protein that is obtained from the salivary gland secretion of one kind blood-sucking leech.It increases the difficulty extraction and purification of hirudin that composition of no anticoagulant activity of peseudo-hirudin in the body of leech and a large number of complex material from the salivary gland secretion of one kind blood-sucking leech.This article focuses on reviewing the structure of hirudin, genetic makeup, extraction and purification of hirudin according to the related research.Analysis of the pros and cons of various extraction and purification methods.Looking forward to its developing tendency, so as to provide reference for extraction and purification of Hirudin.

AIM: To investigate the application of phrenic nerve conduction time(PNCT) in the recovery of general anaesthesia. METHODS: Pdi (t) and PNCT were measured by cervical magnetic stimulation of phrenic nerves in 8 patients before and after the administration of muscle relaxant. RESULTS: Pdi (t) was reduced from (23.7?2.4) cmH 2O to (11.5?3.4) cmH 2O (reduction rate: 51.5%, P