Objective To study the protective effects of aspirin on renal lesions in diabetic rats.Methods The model of diabetic rats was induced by streptozotocin.The diabetic rats were treated with 10 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) aspirin for 6 weeks.The urinary albumin excretion and creatinine clearance(Ccr) were tested.The expression of TGF-?1 in renal cortex of diabetic rats was determined by immunohistochemical staining.Results The Ccr was decreased in diabetic rats with the treatment of aspirin for 6 weeks and the urinary albumin excretion was not obviously decreased.The immunohistochemical staining of TGF-?1 in aspirin-treated group was significantly decreased than that of the control group(P

Objective To establish a rapid method for detection of drug-resistance mutation in HBV, based on PCR-MALDI-TOF MS, and to explore the influential factors on this method. Methods One hundred blood serum samples, which were collected from chronic HBV patients with single drug-resistance or multiple drug-resistance of Lamivudin, Adefovi, Entecavir and Telbivudine, and 10 kinds of mutant HBV plasmids were analyzed using PCR-MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by PCR-based sequencing. Results Of 100 samples detected, thirty-one samples were positive for drug-resistance and 69 samples were negative. The PCR-MALDI-TOF MS results of 94 samples were completely consistent with PCR-based sequencing. Six samples were inconsistent , of which three samples were positive by the two methods, but more mutation loci were detected by PCR-MALDI-TOF MS than sequencing. The consistent rate of two methods was 94%,detection sensitivity was up to 100 copies/μl, and the cut off value of detectable mutation level was 5%.Conclusion PCR-MALDI-TOF MS could be used for rapid and simple analysis of the drug resistance for the clinical application with features of high sensitivity and accuracy, high throughput and automation.

Objective To investigate the effect of adenovirus-bone morphogenic protein 9 ( Ad-BMP9 ) on osteogenic differentiation of immortalized calvarial mesenchymal progenitor cells ( iCALs ) .Methods iCALs were infected with adenoviral vectors encoding BMP-9 or green fluorescent protein ( GFP) and the early osteogenic differentiation was assessed by detecting alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after being cultured for 3, 5 and 7 days.14 days after infection, alizarin red S staining was performed to study the formation of osteogenic calcium nodules .The expression of osteogenic marker genes Runx2 and OCN was assessed by quantitative real-time ( RT )-PCR and Western blotting .Results Significant increases in ALP activity and in the expressions of Runx 2 and OCN were detected in BMP-9 treated iCALs compared with GFP-treated cells(P<0.05).Meanwhile, alizarin red S staining showed that more mineralized nodules were found in the BMP-9 induced group .Conclusion BMP-9 can promote the osteogenic differentiation of iCALs .

Objective To observe the changes of islet cell apoptosis and oxidation-antioxidation before the transplantation, and to explore the pathways of islet protection. Methods Fifteen human pancreases were perfused with the Hanks solution containing collagenase, then digested and isolated. During the procedure, islet cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, SOD and MDA in the pancreas were measured by colorimetric method, and the morphologic changes were observed by H-E staining and dithizone staining. Results In the procedure of human islet isolation, especially in the stage of digestion, the apoptosis of human islet cells occurred. In the stages of perfusion and digestion, the MDA contents reached the high levels (6. 18 ± 2. 38 and 9. 21 ± 2. 75 umol/mg protein respectively),and the structures of the islets and tissues around the islets were damaged. Conclusion In the stages of perfusion and digestion, apoptosis of islet cells can be caused by oxidation. It suggests that antioxidation is a pathway for protection of islets before transplantation.

Objective: To establish the UPLC typical chromatogram and evaluate the quality of Jinji pills. Methods: The UPLC typi-cal chromatogram was performed on an Agilent proshell 120 C18column (150 mm×4. 6 mm,2. 7 μm) with gradient elution by the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution system at a flow rate of 0. 8 ml·min-1. The detection wavelength was 240 nm. Results: The UPLC typical chromatogram included 15 common peaks when taking berberine hydrochloride as the reference peak, and 7 of them were identified by the comparison with the reference substances. Conclusion: The established methods have high specificity and good repeatability, and can be used for the quality control of the product.

【Objective】 To explore the viability and advantages of drones in blood emergency delivery. 【Methods】 The delivery of emergency blood by drones to the Second People′s Hospital of Yuhang District(referred as Yuhang Hospital) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College (referred as Binjiang Hospital) was analyzed retrospectively. The 8: 00-24: 00 traffic condition, at the interval of 2h, of working days were inquired by Baidu Map in order to compare the driving time with drone flight time. The temperature of RBCs and platelets during drone flight were monitored, and take-off and landing temperature were compared. 【Results】 47 deliveries (a total of 192 bags, 295 U) of suspended RBCs and 35 deliveries (a total of 113 bags, 159.5 therapeutic dose) of platelets were, respectively, conducted to Yuhang Hosital and Binjiang Hospital. Two transfer stations for battery charging were needed during the delivery to Yuhang Hospital, and the average one-way time by driving was similar with by drones(50 vs 55 min), without any superiority in time-efficiency. Binjiang Hospital, however, benefited from this drone delivering(driving 10mins vs drone 6 mins). As round-trip delivery for emergency blood was saved, it’s economical for the hospital to get the time-sensitive blood timely. The temperature of suspended RBCs and platelets during flight was between 2.1~7.9 ℃ and 20.2~24.2 ℃, with temperature difference at 0.3~3.7 ℃ and 0.3~3.6℃, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Drones, with good application prospects, can be applied in emergency blood delivery, and further study is needed to improve the time-efficiency and cold chain monitoring system.

Objective To investigate the effects of Echinococcus multilocularis on the phenotypic transformations of glucose metabolism, polarization types and inflammatory responses in macrophages, so as to provide insights into elucidation of echinococcosis pathogenesis. Methods Bone marrow cells were isolated from C57BL/6J mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks, and induced into bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with mouse macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which served as controls (BMDMs-M0). BMDMs-M0 induced M2 macrophages by interleukin-4 for 24 hours served as the IL-4 induction group, and BMDMs-M0 co-cultured with 2.4 ng/mL E. multilocularis cystic fluid (CF) served as the BMDM-CF co-culture group, while BMDMs-M0 co-cultured with E. multilocularis protoscolex (PSC) at a ratio of 500:1 served as the BMDM-PSC co-culture group. The types of polarization of BMDMs co-cultured with E. multilocularis CF and PSC were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the expression of macrophage markers, inflammatory factors, and glucose metabolism-related enzymes was quantified using fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting assays. Results There were significant differences among the four groups in terms of Arginase-1 (Arg1) (F = 1 457.00, P < 0.000 1), macrophages-derived C-C motif chemokine 22 (Ccl22) (F = 22 203.00, P < 0.000 1), resistin-like α (Retnla) (F = 151.90, P < 0.000 1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (F = 107.80, P < 0.001), hexokinase (HK) (F = 9 389.00, P < 0.000 1), pyruvate kinase (PK) (F = 641.40, P < 0.001), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) (F = 43.97, P < 0.01), glucokinase (GK) (F = 432.50, P < 0.000 1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases1 (PDK1) (F = 737.30, P < 0.000 1), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (F = 3 632.00, P < 0.000 1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) (F = 532.40, P < 0.000 1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (F = 460.00, P < 0.000 1), citrate synthase (CS) (F = 5 642.00, P < 0.01), glycogen synthase1 (GYS1) (F = 273.30, P < 0.000 1), IL-6 (F = 1 823.00, P < 0.000 1), IL-10 (F = 291.70, P < 0.000 1), IL-1β (F = 986.60, P < 0.000 1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (F = 334.80, P < 0.000 1) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mRNA expression (F = 163.30, P < 0.001). The proportion of M2 macrophages was significantly higher than that of M1 macrophages in the BMDM-PSC co-culture group [(22.87% ±1.48%) vs. (1.70% ±0.17%); t = 24.61, P < 0.001], and the proportion of M2 macrophages was significantly higher than that of M1 macrophages in the BMDM-CF co-culture group [(20.07% ±0.64%) vs. (1.93% ±0.25%); t = 45.73, P < 0.001]. The mRNA expression of M2 macrophages markers Arg1, Ccl22 and Retnla was significantly higher in the BMDM-CF and BMDM-PSC co-culture groups than in the control group (all P values < 0.01), and no significant difference was seen in the mRNA expression of the M1 macrophage marker iNOS among the three groups (P > 0.05), while qPCR assay quantified higher mRNA expression of key glycolytic enzymes HK, PK and PFK, as well as inflammatory factors IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β in the BMDM-CF and BMDM-PSC co-culture groups than in the control group (all P values < 0.01). Western blotting assay determined higher HK, PK and PFK protein expression in the BMDM-PSC co-culture group than in the control group (all P values < 0.05), and qPCR quantified higher GLUT1, GAPDH and IL-6 mRNA expression in the BMDM-CF co-culture group than in the control group (all P values < 0.05), while higher HK, PK and PFK protein and mRNA expression (all P values < 0.01), as well as lower IL-6 and TNF-α and higher TGF-β mRNA expression (both P values < 0.05) was detected in the IL-4 induction group than in the control group. Glycolytic stress test showed no significant difference in the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of mouse BMDM among the control group, IL-4 induction group and BMDM-PSC co-culture group (F = 124.4, P < 0.05), and a higher ECAR was seen in the BMDM-PSC co-culture group and a lower ECAR was found in the IL-4 induction group than in the control group (both P values < 0.05). Conclusions Treatment of E. multilocularis CF or PSC mainly causes polarization of BMDM into M2 macrophages, and phenotypic transformation of glucose metabolism into high-energy and high-glycolytic metabolism, and affects inflammatory responses in BMDM.