Parkinson's disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disease that predominantly affects the elderly.Dopamine mimicking drug is the mainstay in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.However,there is a large of interindividual variability in response to anti-Parkinson's disease drugs.It is thought that genetic variability in dopamine system genes is one of the important factors in determining interindividual variability in drug response.There are a lot of studies focused on the relationship between the risk of Parkinson's disease and genetic variations in domestic,while it is a lack of the pharmacogenetics study on Parkinson's disease.This review summarizes the relationship between the polymorphism of genes encoding dopamine transporter,dopamine-metabolizing enzymes and dopamine receptors and Parkinson's disease treatment.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Ginkgo Biloba leaves(EGb) preconditioning on liver graft in rat liver transplantation.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors and(recipients) of orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).The rats were randomly divided into EGb group,normal saline(NS) control group and sham operation(SO) group.The animals were killed at 2h,6h,24h after graft reperfusion.Plasma samples were collected for ALT and AST test.Liver tissues were collected to detect the expression of TNF-?mRNA and Bcl-2mRNA by RT-PCR.Also,liver tissues were used to detect rat(liver) histological change and apoptosis by TUNEL.Results The serum levels of ALT in EGb group were(significantly) lower than the NS group(P

Objective To study the relationship between p16,p27 proteins and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer and their prognostic value.Methods p16 protein and p27 protein were detected by two step immunohistochemical method in 93 tissues of breast cancer.Results The positive rates of p16 protein and p27 protein were 46.2 ％ (43/93) and 54.8 ％ (51/93).The positive rate of p16 protein in different tumor location (left/right),the maximal diameter and histological type had no statistically significant difference (all P ＞ 0.05),but in the different age groups and axillary lymph node metastasis,the differences were statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of p27 protein in different age groups,tumor location (left/right) and the maximal diameter had no significant difference (all P ＞ 0.05),but was correlated with the infiltration and axillary lymph node metastasis (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The negative expression of p16 and p27 is significantly related with the biological behaviors of breast cancer.Detection of both p16 protein and p27 protein may play an important role in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.

Aim To investigate the role of COX-2 in BMP9 induced osteogenic differentiation,and the pos-sible mechanism underlying this function of COX-2. Methods We introduced real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemical staing to detect the effect of BMP9 on COX-2 expression.We employed chemiluminescence technique to assay ALP activities, RT-PCR to detect the expression of Smad6 and Smad7 , and Western blot to measure the expression of Runx2, Dlx-5,total Smad1/5/8,and phosphorylated Smad1/5/8.Finally,BMPR-Smad luciferase reporter assay was applied to measure the activation of BMPs/Smads signaling.Results BMP9 could induce the expression of COX-2 in C3H10T1/2 cells.Either inhibiting enzy-matic activity of COX-2 or knockdown of the expression of COX-2 reduced the BMP9 induced ALP activities in C3H10T1/2 cells,and COX-2 knockdown also inhibited the ectopic bone formation induced by BMP9 in C3H10T1/2 cells.Moreover,COX-2 knockdown inhibi-ted BMPR-Smad reporter activities and the phosphoryl-ation of Smad1/5/8,so did the expression of Smad6 and Smad7 .Conclusion COX-2 may play an impor-tant role in BMP9 induced osteogenic differentiation in MSCs by regulating the BMPs/Smads signaling trans-duction.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of external iliac artery vascular complications atfer renal transplantation and the diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of 6 patients with of external iliac artery vascular complications atfer renal transplantation from more than 2000 renal transplantation patients in the Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from 2001 to 2013, and analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment. Results: hTe renal allogratf was removed in 5 of the 6 patients due to repeated external iliac arteryhemorrhage: 2 patients were replaced the external iliac artery with reversed autogenous great saphenous vein, 2 patients underwent the bilateral femoral artery bypass surgery, and 1 was repaired the external iliac artery directly. The other 1 was resected the renal allograft and the involved external iliac arteries due to fungal mass in the external iliac artery. Among the 6 patients, except 1 patient died atfer the surgery of the repair of the external iliac artery, the other 5 are all alive. Conclusion: Vascular replacement and artery bypass are effective methods for patients with external iliac artery vascular complications atfer kidney transplantation.

This study was aimed to optimize the alcohol precipitation techniques for honeysuckle extract in order to standardize the production of honeysuckle extract of Qingkailing Injection and reduce the differences among batches. The orthogonal test was applied in this study. The content of chlorogenic acid and galuteolin were taken as compre-hensive indicators. Multi-index comprehensive scoring method was used in the data analysis. Three influencing fac-tors, which were the fluid temperature, the stirring speed and the speed of adding alcohol, were optimized in the al-cohol precipitation techniques. The results showed that the optimal alcohol precipitation techniques were when the fluid temperature was 20℃, the stirring speed was 240 rpm and the speed of adding alcohol was one time of the ma-terial per minute. It was concluded that the optimized alcohol precipitation process was stable and feasible.

Objective: To study the protective effect in CCl4-induced liver injury by organoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus. Methods: (1) In the first series, forty-five animals were randomly divided into control (C) group, CCl4 group, CCl4 plus organoselenium group (CCl4-Se group). The liver injury was induced by abdominal injection of CCl4 every other day for 4 w. Changes of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities as well as MDA content in liver were estimated in the 2nd and 4th week after CCl4 injection respectively. (2) In the second series, forty-eight mice were randomly divided into C group, CCl4 group, CCl4 plus low dose organoselenium group (CCl4-LSe group) and CCl4 plus high dose organoselenium group (CCl4-HSe group). Changes of hepatocyte [Ca2+]i in animals in every group were investigated by means of confocal laser microscope on the 4th and 8th day after CCl4 injection respectively. Results: During the entire experimental period, liver MDA of CCl4 group was markedly superior to that of C and CCl4-Se groups, and the level of latter two groups was very close. The GSH-Px and CAT activities were higher in CCl4-Se group than in CCl4 group,but lower than that of C group. There were higher SOD activities in C and CCl4-Se groups compared to that in CCl4 group though without obvious difference. Average fluorescence pixels of hepatocyte [Ca2+]i in CCl4 group was 2.8 and 5.5 times higher than that of group C in the 4th and 8th day respectively,while those in CCl4-Se groups were significantly lower than those of CCl4 group, and close to C group. Conclusions: Organoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus, can protect hepatocyte [Ca2+]i homeostasis by reducing lipid peroxidation after CCl4 exposure.

Objective:To analyze the changes in biological characteristics including infectivity, growth and pathogenicity of Chlamydia muridarum ( Cm) after serial passage in vitro in special conditions in order to provide reference for screening attenuated live vaccines and virulence-related genes. Methods:Wild-type Cm strain (G0) was cultured for several passages using conventional cell culture method under alternate unassisted and assisted culture conditions. Then, the 28th generation (G28) of Cm was selected and compared with the parental G0 strain in terms of centrifugation dependence, attaching ability, intracellular growth curve, plaque size and fallopian tube lesions after genital tract infection in a mouse model. Results:Compared with the parental G0 strain, the G28 strain showed significantly decreased dependence on centrifugation during cell infection ( P<0.05) and increased attachment capacity to cells ( P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the growth curves 32 h after cell infection or in the plaque sizes between the parental G0 and G28 strains. In the in vivo virulence test, fallopian tube lesions were observed in 87.5% of G0-infected mice and 37.5% of G28-infected mice ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the parental G0 strain, the G28 strain showed significantly enhanced in vitro infection ability, but decreased in vivo pathogenicity, which brought hope for further identification of virulence genes, isolation of attenuated strains with single genotype and development of live attenuated Chlamydia vaccines.

Objective To study the influence of CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism on tacrolimus metabolism in renal transplantation recipients and evaluate the methods of detecting CYP3A5* 3 polymorphism. Methods Ninety-seven renal recipients receiving the triple immunosuppressive (tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil + prednison) were genotyped for CYP3A5* 3 polymorphisms by the Pyrosequencing TM assays. Tacrolimus trough concentration of the patients was measured by enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique, and concentration/adjusted dose ratio (C/D) was investigated at the 7th day, 14th day, 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month after renal transplantation. Results The Pyrosequencing TM assays allowed for quick and accurate detection of CYP3A5* 3 genotypes. There were CYP3A5* 1/* 1 genotype in 17 cases (17. 5%), * 1/* 3 in 35cases (36. 1 %) and *3/* 3 in 45 cases (46.4 %) identified in 97 renal recipients. The C/D of CYP3A5 * 1/* 1 and * 1/* 3 patients was significantly lower than that of * 3/* 3 patients (P<0. 01)after renal transplantation. Conclusion The CYP3A5* 3 polymorphisms are significantly correlated with tacrolimus pharmacokinetic in renal transplant recipients. Detecting the CYP3AS* 3 genotype of the recipient before the transplantation by the Pyrosequencing TM assays can be used to help determine the optimal initial dosage after transplantation, resulting in individualized drug therapy.

Due to the particularity of pelvic anatomical structure, intermuscular venous thrombosis of lower extremity is very easy to form after gynecologic surgery.After thrombosis, it can migrate and diffuse, leading to fatal pulmonary embolism or sequelae of thrombosis after organization.Seriously, it will threaten patients' health and quality of life.How to evaluate and diagnose early is especially vital.In this article, the early diagnosis of intermuscular venous thrombosis of lower extremity after gynecologic surgery was summarized.Mainly from the aspects of high risk factors, application of risk assessment scale, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination and so on., it was briefly analyzed.