Objective To explore the relationship of therapeutic compliance and complications in children with severeβ-thalassemia.Method One hundred and eight children with severeβ-thalassemia involved in the survey using convenient sampling to investigate the relationships between compliances with blood transfusion and iron removal treatment and complications.Results Of all the patients,66 complied with blood transfusion and the rest 42 did not;73 complied with the therapy and the rest 35 did not. Those complying with the blood transfusion had significant lower rates of developmental retardation,unusual faces,hepatosplenomegaly(P<0.01). Those complying with the therapy had significant lower rates of injuries in liver,heart and endocrinal system(P<0.01).Conclusion Therapeutic compliance in children with severeβ-thalassemia is at lower level so that the incidence of complications in them is higher.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) injection,which plays a unique role in the clinical treatment,is Chinese original dosage form.But in recent years due to its quality problems or unscientifically clinical use,some adverse reactions have reported,even several injections had serious adverse reactions.So how to develop TCM injection becomes one of the topics the public and scholars most concerned about.Therefore,the three "bottleneck" problems of TCM injection on the current development,which are the material basis and TCM theory,clinical efficacy and safety,and also quality control,were analyzed and discussed in the article.Then the countermeasures were proposed and provided ideas for future research and development of TCM injection.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical critical condition of the respiratory system, with a high fatality rate and lack of effective drug treatment, hence it is a global medical problem to be solved urgently. Recently, with the in-depth research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) at home and abroad, more and more evidences suggest that EVs play a critical role in the initiation, development and progression of ARDS and have potential clinical application value. The role of different cells derived EVs in ARDS will be reviewed in this paper.

Objective To investigate the effect of the genotypic analysis of donor from cardiac death donation on the initial dose of Tac for liver transplant recipients and provide individualized administration for the early use of Tac in liver transplantation patients.Method Thirty recipients with a different genotype of CYP3A5 from cardiac death donors were collected from March 2010 to February 2013.The matched recipients were randomly divided into experiment group and control group.There was an adjustment of initial doses of Tac according to the donors' different CYP3A5 genotypes in experiment group but not in control group.Result In experiment and control groups,the average Tac blood concentrations at the 7th day after operation were (7.47 ± 1.83) and (8.68 ± 5.14) ng/mL,and the percent of recipeints reaching the optimal Tac concentrations was 72.2％ and 38.9％,respectively (P＜0.05).In experiment and control groups,22.2％ and 55.6％ recipients needed adjustments of Tac concentrations respectively (P＜0.05).Conclusion Individualized adjustment of Tac initial doses of recipients according to cardiac death donors' different CYP3A5 genotypes was benefit for reaching optimal concentrations as soon as possible and could decrease the rate of rejection,and reduce the side effects of Tac.

Objective: The extract technologies for the components of Fuzhuang Capsules were optimized. Methods: Four methods: the semi bionic extraction (SBE), the water extraction (WE), the semi bionic extraction by precipitation with alcohol (SBAE) and the water extraction by precipitation with alcohol (WAE) were used to extract Fuzhuang Capsules, with panaxadiol, panaxatriol, ? sitosterol, icariine, betaine, total sugar and dried extractive taken as the marker, under the same conditions of drug granularity, solvent amount, decocting temperature, filtration, concentration, etc., and then four methods were compared and studied. Results: Through the comprehensive evaluation of seven markers, their comprehensive values Y decreased in the order of SBE, WE, SBAE and WAE. Conclusion: SBE is better than the other three methods in the extraction of the components of Fuzhuang Capsules, which is showed by the fact that the pH values of the water for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decoctions are 3.4, 7.5 and 8.4, and the extraction times are 2.0h, 1.5h, and 1.5h respectively.

Objective:Optimising the technological parameters for the extraction of Maxingshigan Decoction (Herba Ephedrae, Semen Pruni Armeniacae, Gypsum Fibrosum, Radix Glycyrrhizae). Methods:Using the even design and TCL, ephedrine, glycyrrhetinic acid, hydrocyanic acid, calciumion and extract weight were taken as the indexes. Results:Optimal parameters: the pH values of the water for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decoctions are 2.0 ,6.5 and 9.0,respectively; and the time of 3 decoctions are 2.0,1.0and 0.5h, respectively. Conclusion:Optimal parameters for Maximpshipan Decoction are feasible in extraction.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris.Methods From January to June 2013,a total of 43 patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were treated by 5 aminolaevulinic acid based PDT with red light.All patients were received three times of treatment at 2-week intervals.Clinical assessment was conducted before and at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after treatment.Results The lesion counts of both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions were reduced significantly after treatment.The mean percentage reduction in inflammatory lesions was 88.9 ％ at 8 weeks after the treatment,meanwhile that in non-inflammatory lesions was 73.4％.After 8 weeks of treatment,55.8％ patients (24/43)showed clinical cure,and 41.9％ patients (18/43)showed excellent response and 2.3％ patient (1/43) showed good response.Only 4.7％ patients (2/43)showed signs of recurrence after 4 months after ALA-PDT.After one course of ALA-PDT,the symptoms in this recurrent case were significant improvement.The common adverse effects included pain,edema and transient hyperpigmentation.They could gradually disappear without a need of special intervention.Conclusions ALA-PDT is a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris.

OBJECTIVE To study the role of Enterococcus in peritoneal cavity infection and the infection -associated factors, by which the prophylactic measures are put forward. METHODS The role of Enterococcus in peritoneal cavity infection and the infection-associated factors were discussed with the analysis of the investigated 33 cases with the peritoneal cavity infection by Enterococcus. RESULTS The peritoneal cavity infection was mainly caused by Enterococcus faecalis, for which penicillin and ampicillin were the first choice of empirical therapy. For regime of the combination use of antibiotics might be feasible for the infection caused by the speeics with unshowed high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. Many related risk factors on peritoneal infection caused by Enterococcus were included such as the colonization of the drug resistant strain of Enterococcus promoted by cephalosporins Ⅲ and the abuse of large amount of antibiotics as a selective pressure on the resistant strain. CONCLUSIONS Much attention should be paid on the role of Enterococcus in peritoneal infection clinically. The effective therapy is associated with the eradication of the pathogen. and the better control measures against infection.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic yield and the etiological accuracy of double balloon endoscopy and capsule endoscopy in patients with.Methods Seventy-three patients with OGIB received double balloon endoscopy.The route of enteroscopy could be either via mouth or via anus.Negative result of initial route was required afterwards for another via mouth or via anus examination.Sixty-one patients with OGIB received capsule endoscopy.Results The overall diagnostic yield for double balloon enteroscopy was 94.5%,and for capsule endoscopy it was 81.8%.The etiological diagnostic accuracy of double-balloon enteroscopy was 80.8%,and for capsule endoscopy,50.0%.Double-balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy were both well tolerated.Conclusion Double balloon enteroscopy is superior to capsule endoscopy in the diagnostic yield and the etiological diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.