15 ml/s;dysuria was significantly improved in the other 2 cases,with the Qmax being 13 and 11 ml/s,respectively.Conclusions Transurethral resection of bladder neck is an effective means for the treatment of female bladder neck obstruction.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URSL) for ureteral calculi.MethodsA total of 378 cases of ureteral calculi received URSL in our hospital by using F8/9.8 Wolf rigid ureteroscope and EMS Ⅱ pneumatic lithotripter(Switzerland).Among the cases,213 had calculi at the left side,158 at the right side,and 7 at the both sides;81 had the stones in the upper ureter,146 in the middle segment,and 158 in the lower part.Results In the cases,313 patients(320 sides) were cured after the first operation with a success rate of 82.8%(313/378).The success rates for the upper,middle,and lower ureteral calculi were 60.5%(49/81),84.2%(123/146),and 93.7%(148/158),respectively.The stones were removed completed in 1 to 8 weeks after the procedure.Fifteen patients were converted to an open surgery.In 3 patients,the URSL were stopped due to failure in placing the ureteroscope.The main postoperative complications in our series included perforation of the ureter(8 cases) and fever(13).Conclusions USRL is a safe,minimally invasive,and effective treatment.It should be the first choice for middle and lower ureteral calculi.

BACKGROUND: How to solve the source of material substitute for repair of urethral dcfoct and improve the blood supply of new urethra has become a critical problem in the urethral repair and reconstruction.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on improving blood circulation in the new urethra following urethral defect repair.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: In vivo tissue engineering experiment,performed at the Laboratory of Deparanent of Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2006 and February 2008.MATERIALS: Thirteen 3-5-month-old male Japanese rabbits were included for this study.Of them,one was used for preparation of bone marrow mononuclear cells,and the remaining twelve rabbits were divided into EPC repair group (n=8) and model group (n=4).METHODS: Under the aseptic condition,bone marrow was taken from the rabbit bilateral anterior superior lilac spine.Mononuclear cells isolated by Percoll method were induced in vitro using medium supplemented with vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and bovine basic fihroblast growth factors.When covering the whole bottom of culture flask,the mononuclear cells were digested with trypsin for passage.Animal models of urethral defect were developed in the two groups.One piece of aseptic fresh acellular human amnion (1 cm2) was sutured to each defected urethra using 0/6 DG suture for forming urethra.In the EPC repair group,1010/L passage 3 rabbit bone marrow mononuclear cell suspension was injected to two anastomotic stomas of the new urethra,0.1 mL for each stoma.The subcutaneous tissue was interruptedly sutured to the formed urethra using 0/6 DG suture.In addition,0.5 mL bone marrow mononuclear cell suspension was added to the region between each anastomotic stroma and newly repaired urethra.The same procedure was performed in the model group except that bone marrow mononuclear cell suspension was replaced by cell-free medium.At weeks 4 and 12 after surgery,paraffin sections of urethral tissue were made.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Identification of cellular morphology; vascular regeneration of urethral tissue after urethral defect repair.RESULTS: After surgery,rabbit bone marrow mononuclear cells adhesively grew in vitro.Four days later,these cells exhibited rapid clone-like growth.Ten days later,they had typical slabstone-like change,presenting with strip-shaped and bundle-shaped growth.The phenotype of cultured cells gradually turned from CD34+/CD 133+/CD31+ to CD34+/CD 1337CD31+.At weeks 4 and 12 after surgery,the number of regenerate,d blood capillaries in the urethral tissue was significantly greater in the EPC repair group than in the model group (t=-9.034 to 5.985,P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Rabbit bone marrow mononuclear cells-differentiated EPCs can apparently improve local blood circulation in the urethral defect repair.

Objective To obtain the frequency weighting contour for seated Chinese young males in z axis.Method 10 male volunteers served as the subjects.They were exposed to standard vibration stimulus (a sinusoidal vibration of 1.0 m/s2 at 8 Hz) and 14 kinds of sinusoidal experimental vibration stimuli at frequencies from 4 Hz to 80 Hz.The magnitude of the experimental vibration stimulus was changed by the subject through a signal condition and switching device made by ourselves to obtain an equal vibration sensation to the standard vibration.The data were fitted to the same form of the frequency weighting Wk of ISO 2631-1 with the least square method and optimization of parameters.Result Compared with ISO 2631-1,the frequencies weightings of Chinese young males at 16～80 Hz are significantly higher than those of ISO 2631-1(P<0.005),but there are no significant difference between two frequency weighting contours at other frequencies. Conclusion Chinese young males are more sensitive to vibration at 16～80 Hz in Z axis.

Objective:To study the curative efficacy of transabdominal ultrasound-guided Lauromacrogol combined with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of fibroid and its effects on the serum estradiol (E2),luteinizing hormone (LH),follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.Methods:90 patients of fibroid who were treated from June 2014 to June 2015 in our hospital were selected as the research objects.According to random number table,those patients were divided into the observation group (n=45) and the control group (n=45).Both groups were routinely examined before operation,the control group was treated with transabdominal ultrasound radiofrequency ablation,while the observation group was treated with transabdominal ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with radiofrequency ablation,Then visual analogue scale (VAS),menstrual volume,uterine fibroid volume,uterine volume,E2,LH,FSH levels,myoma symptoms and quality of life score,curative effect were compared between two groups.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [95.55％(43/45)vs75.55％(34/45)] (P＜0.05);the VAS score,menstrual volume were significantly lower than those of the control group[(1.05± 0.23)score vs.(3.62± 0.50)score,(192.35± 22.10)mL 1 vs.(236.54± 24.57)mL](P＜0.05);The myoma volume,uterine volume were significantly lower than those of the control group[(32.13± 13.20)cm3 vs(40.81± 14.11)cm3,(101.93± 9.89)cm3 vs(118.36±11.20)cm3](p＜0.05);the serum E2,LH,FSH levels were significantly lower than those before treatment,but there was no difference between the two groups (P ＞0.05);the fibroid symptoms score was significantly lower than that of the control group [(4.50 ± 1.02)score vs.(10.34± 2.21)score] (P＜0.05),the quality of life score was significantly higher than that of the control group [(95.36± 14.29)score vs.(80.84 ±14.06)score] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Transabdominal ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol combined with radiofrequency ablation could enhance the efficacy of fibroid,which might be related to the decrease of serum levels of E2,LH,and FSH.

Objective To explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of testicular benign tumors in children.Methods The clinical data of 26 boys ( aged between 17 days to 12 years and average age was 2.5 years) with testicular benign tumors treated in our center between January 2008 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The tumors were on the left side in 17 cases, on the right side in 9 cases. Twenty patients presented with painless scrotal mass.3 with cryptorchidism, 2 cases with hydrocele, and 1 case with varicocele.These boys underwent ultrasound or CT examination, results the enlarged tests with space-occupying lesions in 20 cases,3 cases were presented as scrotal empty,3 cases were showed as cystic masses.Twenty-four boys had taken tumor marker detection,which including 3 cases of AFP rised, 2 cases of Neuron-specific enolase slightly higher, 1 case of Ferritin increased.26 patients were performed surgical treatment, 23 cases have taken testicular tumor resection, and 3 cases underwent orchiectomy because of abnormal morphology, according to the intraoperative findings and quick frozen pathological examination results.Results Postoperative pathological diagnosis showed of maturity teratoma in 14 cases, not maturity teratoma in 3 cases, gonadoblastoma in 3 cases, interstitial cell tumor in 2 cases, epidermoid cyst in 2 cases, fibrocellular tumor and testicular inflammatory granuloma in 1 case respectively.The 23 cases were followed up for 3-70 months.All respondents children were alive, and no complications were found such as residual tumor atrophy or tumor recurrence and metastasis.Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to obtaining a good effect of testicular tumors. Detailed specialist examination, preoperative ultrasound, CT and determination of tumor markers are important ways to diagnose testicular cancer; rapid intraoperative frozen check may manifest nature of the tumors.For pediatric testicular benign tumor, testis-sparing surgery should be considered.

This study is to investigate the effect of high altitude hypoxia on the activity and protein expression of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Rats from plain (P) and rats with acute middle altitude hypoxia (AMH), chronic middle altitude hypoxia (CMH), acute high altitude hypoxia (AHH) and chronic high altitude hypoxia (CHH) were administered orally phenytoin sodium (PHT) and omeprazole (OMZ) to evaluate the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, separately. The serum concentrations of PHT and metabolite 4'-hydroxyphenytoin (HPPH) at 12 h after treatment and the serum concentrations of OMZ and metabolite 5-hydroxy omeprazole (5-OHOMZ) at 3 h after treatment were determined by RP-HPLC. The activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 was evaluated by the ratio of HPPH to PHT and the ratio of 5-OHOMZ to OMZ, respectively. The protein expressions of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 were determined by ELISA method. The activities of CYP2C9 (HPPH/PHT) in P, AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were 0.67 +/- 0.31, 0.75 +/- 0.29, 0.76 +/- 0.23, 0.79 +/- 0.31 and 0.75 +/- 0.18, respectively, and the activities of CYP2C19 (5-OHOMZ/OMZ) in P, AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were 0.17 +/- 0.06, 0.20 +/- 0.10, 0.11 +/- 0.05, 0.37 +/- 0.13 and 0.19 +/- 0.05, respectively. The protein expressions of CYP2C9 in P, AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were 4.20 +/- 1.27, 3.95 +/- 0.81, 3.93 +/- 1.11, 4.32 +/- 1.03 and 4.12 +/- 0.86 ng x g(-1), respectively, and the protein expressions of CYP2C19 in P, AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were 3.91 +/- 1.82, 3.63 +/- 2.07, 2.55 +/- 0.85, 4.78 +/- 2.37 and 3.51 +/- 1.03 ng x g(-1), respectively. The activities and protein expressions of CYP2C9 in AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were not significantly different with those of P. The protein expressions of CYP2C19 in AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were not significantly different with those of P, but the activity of CYP2C19 in AHH was significantly higher than that of P. This study found significant changes in the activity of CYP2C19 under the special environment of acute high altitude hypoxia.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in heminephrectomy in children.Methods:The clinical data of 54 children with heminephrectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to December 2019 was analyzed retrospectively, of which 42 cases underwent laparoscopic heminephrectomy (LH group) and 12 cases underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic heminephrectomy (RALH group). In LH group, there were 17 males and 25 females, with an average age of (71.74±34.57)months, 29 on the left and 13 on the right. In RALH group, there were 4 males and 8 females, with an average age of (76.83±37.33) months, 9 on the left and 3 on the right. There was no significant difference in age, sex composition and deformity side between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The clinical indexes such as operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time, hospital stay and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results:There were significant differences in operation time[(196.48±21.92)min vs.(171.50±24.91)min], intraoperative blood loss[(34.14±8.63)ml vs.(18.50±5.92)ml], postoperative drainage time[6.0(5.0, 7.0)d vs. 4.5(3.0, 6.5)d] and postoperative hospital stay[(8.93±1.70)d vs.(7.33±1.37)d] between LH and RALH groups ( P < 0.05). During the follow-up from 3 months to 2 years, the lower kidneys of the two groups developed well and the symptoms before operation such as urinary tract infection, intermittent voiding leakage and dysuria caused by ureterocele were gradually relieved and disappeared after operation. In the LH group, 2 cases were complicated with the symptoms as ureteral stump effusion, cyst formation and recurrent ureteral stump infection after operation, which were cured after reoperation. There was no case of ureteral stump effusion and cyst formation in the RALH group. Conclusions:Robot-assisted laparoscopic heminephrectomy in children has shorter intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time and hospital stay, lower incidence of postoperative complications, and has better efficacy and safety.

Objective: To investigate the effect of combined hypoxia and high fat diet (HFD) on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) of myocardium in experimental rats with its possible mechanisms.
Methods: A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, n=20 in each group. Control group, the rats were fed by normal diet with normal oxygen condition. Hypoxia group, the rats were fed by normal diet with simulated 5000m altitude oxygen condition. Combined hypoxia and HFD (H+HFD) group, the rats were fed by HFD and simulated 5000m altitude oxygen condition. All animals were treated for 4 weeks and peripheral blood and myocardium specimen were collected. Hemoglobin was examined by automatic blood cell analyzer, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by TBA method, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was detected by WST-1 method, mRNA and protein expressions of eNOS were examined by real time PCR and Western blot analysis respectively, the myocardium nitrates and nitrites (NOx) was measured by nitrate reductase method.
Results: Compared with Control group, Hypoxia group and H+HFD group had increased mRNA and protein expressions of eNOS, H+HFD group had lower NOx levels than the other 2 groups P<0.05. Compared with Hypoxia group, H+HFD group showed obviously increased total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and decreased SOD activity, diseased MDA level P<0.05.
Conclusion: Upon hypoxia alone, H+HFD may further reduce NOx level of myocardium, it implies aggravated chronic hypoxia impairment, which might be related to dyslipidemia and lack of anti-oxidative ability in experimental rats.

Objective To establish the expression profiles of microRNA (miRNA) in SMMC-7721 and CCC-HEL-1 cell lines in order to provide new clues to study the mechanism of miRNA function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its treatment. Methods SMMC-7721 and CCC-HEL-1 cell lines were cultured in vitro. Total RNAs were extracted by TRIzol, followed by RNA quantification and quality control. The RNAs were used to detect the expression of miRNA in these two cell lines by miRNA array. The miRNA of interest was then verified by real-time PCR. Results In total,238 differentially expressed miRNAs were found, including 154 overexpressed and 84 underexpressed miRNAs. 64 miRNAs were upregulated more than 4 times and26 miRNAs were upregulated more than 10 times. 22 miRNAs were downregulated more than 4 times 10 miRNAs weredownregulated more than 5times, and 1 miRNA was downregulated more than 10 times. Real-time PCR validation suggested that has-miR-205 and has-let-7f in liver cancer increased by 2. 7 and 2. 3 times, respectively.Conclusion There are differences in the expression of miRNA between the SMMC-7721 and CCC-HEL-1 cell lines and the profiles of miRNA expression were established for both cell lines. It was found that has-miR-205 and has-let-7f were upregulated in liver cancer.