Objective To study the effects of baicalein on spontaneous activity, impulsivity, learning-memorial ability,and the adenylate cyclase(AC)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-protein ki-nase A(PKA)signaling pathway in prefrontal cortex(PFC)of rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods Fifty 4-week-old SHR rats were randomly divided into the model group,methylphenidate(MPH)group(2 mg/kg), and low-dose, mid-dose and high-dose(100, 200, 400 mg/kg)baicalein groups,and WKY rats of the same age were selected as the normal control group(n=10 in each group).Rats were orally gavaged for 4 weeks in the dark-phase.Open field test(OFT),ele-vated plus maze(EPM)and novel object recognition test(NORT)were conducted to evaluate the spon-taneous activity, impulsivity and learning-memorial ability of rats individually at the end of treatment. AC,cAMP and PKA quantity were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent(ELISA)method. Results Movement distance in OFT was reduced in high-dose baicalein group and mid-dose baicalein group(P<0.05)afterwards.Vertical movements also decreased in all baicalein groups.Percentage of the times entering the open arms in the EPM was significantly reduced in the mid-dose baicalein group(P<0.05);staying duration in the total period in the EPM was also reduced in all baicalein groups(P<0. 05).The preference index in the testing phase of NORT increased in the mid-dose baicalein group(P<0.05).Levels of AC and cAMP in the PFC increased in all baicalein groups(P<0.05), while tPKA increased in high-dose and mid-dose baicalein group(P<0.05).Conclusion Baicalein could increase the levels of AC,cAMP and PKA in PFC of ADHD rats, which may shed some light to the mechanism how baicalein could relieve the spontaneous activity and impulsivity,improve learning-memorial ability of ADHD rats.

Neck dissection for oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a clinically controversial issue and has therefore been the subject of abundant research. However, no one has performed a bibliometric study on this topic to date. The aim of this study was to assess the development of research on neck dissection for OSCC in terms of the historical evolution, current hotspots and future directions, particularly including research trends and frontiers from 2010 to 2019. Literature records related to research on neck dissection for OSCC were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace was used as a tool to perform a bibliometric analysis of this topic. The survey included 2 096 papers. "Otorhinolaryngology" was the most popular research area. The most active institutions and countries were Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and the USA, respectively. Shah J.P. was the most cited author. Among the six identified "core journals", Head & Neck ranked first. The top three trending keywords were 'invasion', 'upper aerodigestive' and 'negative neck'. 'D'Cruz AK (2015)' was the most cited and the strongest burst reference in the last decade. The study evaluated the effect on survival of elective versus therapeutic neck dissection in patients with lateralized early-stage OSCC. The depth of invasion and the management of N0 OSCC were research frontiers in this field. The present study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on neck dissection for OSCC, which will assist investigators in exploring potential research directions.
Bibliometrics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms/surgery* ; Neck Dissection