ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms of Wenyang Huazhuo Formula （温阳化浊方， WHF） in improving reproductive aging from the perspective of the ovarian mechanical microenvironment. MethodsThe experiment included five groups， 3-month group （20 female mice at 3 months of age）， 6-month group （20 female mice at 6 months of age）， 6-month + WHF group （20 female mice at 5 months of age treated with WHF）， 9-month group （20 female mice at 9 months of age）， and 9-month + WHF group （20 female mice at 8 months of age treated with WHF）. The 6-month + WHF group and 9-month + WHF group were orally administered WHF 41.2 g/（kg·d） once daily for 4 consecutive weeks. The other three groups received no intervention. Reproductive hormone levels were measured by ELISA. HE staining was used to count the numbers of various stages of follicles. Ovarian hyaluronic acid （HA） content and collagen fiber content were measured to evaluate the ovarian mechanical microenvironment. Superovulation was performed to observe the number of eggs obtained， as well as the number of offspring and birth weight to assess fertility. The in vitro fertilization and blastocyst culture of oocytes from female offspring in each group were observed to evaluate the effect of WHF on offspring reproductive potential. ResultsCompared with the 3-month group， the 6-month group and 9-month group showed significantly decreased serum levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， and luteinizing hormone （LH）， decreased ovarian collagen content， and reduced numbers of primordial and secondary follicles. In contrast， the numbers of primary follicles， antral follicles， and atretic follicles increased. The levels of anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH）， ovarian HA content， and the fertilization rate， cleavage rate， and blastocyst formation rate of oocytes from offspring were significantly lower （P＜0.05）. Compared with the 6-month group， the 6-month + WHF group showed significantly reduced serum levels of GnRH， FSH， and LH， with a significant decrease in primary follicles， antral follicles， and atretic follicles as well as increase of AMH levels， ovarian HA content， number of primordial and secondary follicle， egg count， and offspring birth weight （P＜0.05）. Compared with the 9-month group， the 9-month + WHF group exhibited reduced GnRH， FSH， and collagen fiber content， as well as reduced number of primary follicles， antral follicles， and atretic follicles. However， AMH levels， ovarian HA content， number of primordial and secondary follicle， egg count， offspring numbers， birth weight， fertilization rate， cleavage rate， and blastocyst formation rate of oocytes from offspring all significantly increased （P＜0.05）. ConclusionWHF can significantly improve the ovarian reserve， fertility， and reproductive potential in offspring during reproductive mid-life and late-life stages. Its effect may be related to the remodeling of the mechanical microenvironment of aging ovaries. Moreover， the effect on the mechanical microenvironment remodeling of late-stage ovaries and the improvement of the offspring reproductive potential is more significant.

Objective To explore the effect of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in Taiyuan City on short-term pulmonary function in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Among the 1 015 elderly COPD patients admitted to the respiratory departments of five general hospitals in Taiyuan City from December 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively selected for research; medical records, air pollutant data and meteorological data were analyzed; the relationship between PM_2.5 and lung function indicators and air pollutants was analyzed; the impact of PM_2.5 on lung function and its lag effect were analyzed; the cumulative effect of PM_2.5 concentration on the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction was analyzed; The influence of gender and age on the relationship between PM_2.5 and patients ' short-term pulmonary function was analyzed. Results PM_2.5, respirable particulate matter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO) were negatively correlated with average temperature and average humidity (P<0.05) ; Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃) were negatively correlated with average temperature (P<0.05) ; There was a positive correlation among PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, CO, NO₂, and O₃ (P<0.05) ; Elevated PM_2.5 is an independent risk factor for decreased lung function and increased air pollutants (P<0.05) ; At lag0 and lag1, PM_2.5 concentration was negatively correlated with lung function in a dose-response manner (P<0.05); daily average PM_2.5 concentration at lag0 was a dangerous effect (P<0.05). Conclusion The impact of PM_2.5 concentration on lung function has a certain time lag. An increase in PM_2.5 concentrations can lead to a decline in lung function.

Animal experiments are an essential component of life sciences and medical research. However, the external validity and reliability of individual animal studies are frequently challenged by inherent limitations such as small sample sizes, high design heterogeneity, and poor reproducibility, which impede the effective translation of research findings into clinical practice. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis represent a key methodology for integrating existing evidence and enhancing the robustness of conclusions. Currently, however, the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in the field of animal experiments lacks standardized guidelines for their conduct and reporting, resulting in inconsistent quality and, to some extent, diminishing their evidence value. To address this issue, this paper aims to systematically delineate the reporting process for systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and to propose a set of standardized recommendations that are both scientific and practical. The article's scope encompasses the entire process, from the preliminary preparatory phase [including formulating the population， intervention， comparison and outcome （PICO） question, assessing feasibility, and protocol pre-registration] to the key writing points for each section of the main report. In the core methods section, the paper elaborates on how to implement literature searches, establish eligibility criteria, perform data extraction, and assess the risk of bias, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis （PRISMA) statement, in conjunction with relevant guidelines and tools such as Animal Research： Reporting of in Vivo Experiments （ARRIVE) and a risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). For the presentation of results, strategies are proposed for clear and transparent display using flow diagrams and tables of characteristics. The discussion section places particular emphasis on how to scientifically interpret pooled effects, thoroughly analyze sources of heterogeneity, evaluate the impact of publication bias, and cautiously discuss the validity and limitations of extrapolating findings from animal studies to clinical settings. Furthermore, this paper recommends adopting the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to comprehensively grade the quality of evidence. Through a modular analysis of the entire reporting process, this paper aims to provide researchers in the field with a clear and practical guide, thereby promoting the standardized development of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and enhancing their application value in scientific decision-making and translational medicine.

Paclitaxel (PTX), a valuable natural product derived from Taxus species, exhibits remarkable anti-cancer properties. It penetrates nanopores in microtubule walls, interacting with tubulin on the lumen surface and disrupting microtubule dynamics, thereby inducing cytotoxic effects in cancer cells. PTX and its derivatives have gained approval for treating various diseases due to their low toxicity, high efficiency, and broad-spectrum application. The widespread success and expanding applications of PTX have led to increased demand, raising concerns about accessibility. Consequently, researchers globally have focused on developing alternative production methods and applying nanocarriers in PTX delivery systems to enhance bioavailability. This review examines the challenges and advancements in PTX sourcing, production, physicochemical properties, anti-cancer mechanisms, clinical applications, trials, and chemo-immunotherapy. It aims to provide a comprehensive reference for the rational development and effective utilization of PTX.
Humans ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology* ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology* ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Taxus/chemistry*

Data analysis models may assist the transmission of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） experience and clinical diagnosis and treatment， and the possibility of constructing a “data-knowledge” dual-drive model was explored by taking gastric precancerous state as an example. Data-driven is to make clinical decisions around data analysis， and its syndrome-differentiation decision-making research relies on hidden structural models and partially observable Markov decision-making processes to identify the etiology of diseases， syndrome elements， evolution of pathogenesis， and syndrome differentiation protocols； knowledge-driven is to make use of data and information to promote decision-making and action processes， and its syndrome-differentiation decision-making research relies on convolutional neural networks to improve the accuracy of local disease identification and syndrome differentiation. The “data-knowledge” dual-driven model can make up for the shortcomings of single-drive numerical simulation accuracy， and achieve a balance between local disease identification and macroscopic syndrome differentiation. On the basis of previous research， we explored the construction method of diagnostic assisted decision-making platform for gastric precancerous state， and believed that the diagnostic and decision-making ability of doctors can be extended through the assistance of machines and algorithms. Meanwhile， the related research methods were integrated and the core features of gastric precancerous state based on TCM syndrome differentiation and endoscopic pathology diagnosis and prediction were obtained， and the elements of endoscopic pathology recognition based on TCM syndrome differentiation were explored， so as to provide ideas for the in-depth research and innovative application of cutting-edge data analysis technology in the field of intelligent TCM syndrome differentiation.

Tic disorder (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. According to the core symptoms,it can be classified as "liver wind","wind syndrome",and "concurrent". The clinical syndrome of TCM is based on wind,and the pathogenesis is based on the liver. However,the clinical symptoms of this disease are relatively complicated. Based on the " manifestation-qi transformation" theory,this study further explores the liver wind,lung wind,heart wind,spleen wind,and kidney wind from the pathological basis of intrinsic wind rash movement and proposes that the liver wind caused by hyperactivity of liver yang is the main cause of intrinsic wind rash movement in TD,and the lung wind caused by lung loss is the main cause. The liver is related to the heart,spleen,and kidney. Together,the five-wind affect the onset,development,and outcome of TD. Based on this understanding of the pathogenesis,it is necessary to identify the specific syndromes of the patients. The five-wind differentiation and treatment system uses the method of calming the liver and dispelling the lungs to treat the root of the internal wind rash movement. Xiaochaihu Decoction,Sangju Decoction,Cang'erzi Powder,and other prescriptions can be used with modification and subtract and use method of controlling heart fire,transporting spleen soil,and nourishing kidney water to treat derived images. Meanwhile,Xieqing Pill,Daochi Powder,Yigong Powder,Erchen Decoction,Liuwei Dihuang Pill,and other prescriptions can be used with modification.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang on cardiac function and myocardial histopathological changes in rats with ischemic myocardial injury， and to observe the effect of myocardial microvascular density （MVD）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha （HIF-1α）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathways on myocardial microangiogenesis. MethodSeventy male SD rats were randomly selected， with six rats in the normal group. The remaining rats were fed a high-fat diet and injected with isoproterenol hydrochloride （ISO，80 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， 2 d） to induce a hyperlipidemia-based ischemic heart disease model. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into the model group， high， medium， and low dose groups of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang， and the metoprolol group. The high， medium， and low dose groups of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang were given Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang at 10.42， 5.21， 2.61 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively， while the metoprolol group was given metoprolol at 2.6 mg·kg^-1·d^-1. Both the normal and model groups were given an equivalent volume of physiological saline for 28 days. After the intervention， relevant tests were conducted， and serum was collected to measure heart function-related indicators. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining were performed on ventricular tissue to observe pathological changes under a light microscope. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the positive expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule （CD31）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the expression of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and VEGF. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of PI3K/mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly increased serum levels of LDH， CK， CK-MB， NT-proBNP， and VEGF （P<0.01）， significantly increased collagen volume fraction （CVF） （P<0.01）， significantly decreased MVD （P<0.01）， and elevated protein expression levels of PI3K， mTOR， HIF-1α， and VEGF （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the metoprolol group had significantly lower serum levels of LDH， CK， CK-MB， and NT-proBNP （P<0.01）， significantly higher VEGF levels （P<0.01）， significantly decreased CVF （P<0.01）， significantly increased MVD （P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein expression levels of PI3K， mTOR， and VEGF （P<0.01）， with no statistically significant change in HIF-1α protein expression. Compared with the model group， the high and medium dose groups of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang had decreased serum levels of LDH， CK， CK-MB， and NT-proBNP （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased VEGF levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly reduced CVF （P<0.01）， increased MVD （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein levels of PI3K， mTOR， HIF-1α， and VEGF （P<0.01）. In the low dose group of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang， compared with the model group， serum levels of LDH and NT-proBNP were decreased （P<0.05）， VEGF was increased （P<0.05）. Moreover， CVF was decreased （P<0.05）， and the protein expression levels of PI3K， mTOR， HIF-1α， and VEGF were significantly increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionGualou Xiebai Banxiatang can improve cardiac function， reduce myocardial pathological damage， enhance endothelial cell function， promote myocardial microvascular formation， and upregulate the expression of PI3K， mTOR， HIF-1α， and VEGF proteins in myocardial tissue in rats with ischemic myocardial injury.

The Menghe Medical School is a highly influential academic school of Chinese medicine in China.Its academic features are mainly learning from others'strengths,openness and tolerance;integrity as the foundation,communication as the strength;harmo-ny as the way,and agility as the technique.The Menghe Medical School originated in Menghe,developed in Shanghai,spread all over the country,and spread around the world.The reasons for the prosperity and development of the Menghe Medical School are analyzed.Among them,imperial doctors being rewarded and supported,the stars having their roots in Menghe,inheritance from teach-ers by blood,help from in-laws,and the establishment of education and leadership in development are the main factors.On the basis of inheriting the scholarship of Menghe Medical School,Professor Tong Xiaolin innovatively proposed academic ideas such as the train-ing path of Xiang thinking,state-target differentiation and treatment,and dosage and effectiveness of prescriptions and medicines,pushing the academic thought of Menghe Medical School to a new theoretical peak in the new era.Based on the majestic development path of the Menghe Medical School,the implications for the inheritance,innovation and development of modern Chinese medicine are analyzed.

Objective:To construct the risk prediction nomogram model of acute kidney injury (AKI) with R language and traditional statistical methods based on the large sample clinical database, and verify the accuracy of the model.Methods:It was a a retrospective case control study. The patients who met the diagnostic criteria of AKI in Tongji Hospital of Tongji University from January 1 to December 31, 2021 were screened in the clinical database, and the patients with monitored serum creatinine within 48 hours but without AKI were included as the control group. The demographic data, disease history, surgical history, medication history and laboratory test data were collected to screen the risk factors of AKI in clinic.Firstly, based on multivariate logistic regression analysis and forward stepwise logistic regression analysis, the selected risk factors were included to construct the nomogram model. At the same time, cross validation, bootstrap validation and randomly split sample validation were used for internal verification, and clinical data of patients in the sane hospital after one year (January to December, 2022) were collected for external verification. The receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to determine the discrimination of the model, and calibration curve and decision curve analysis were carried out to evaluate the accuracy and clinical net benefit, respectively.Results:A total of 5 671 patients were enrolled in the study, with 1 884 AKI patients (33.2%) and 3 787 non-AKI patients (66.7%). Compared with non-AKI group, age, and proportions of surgical history, renal replacement therapy, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular accident,chronic kidney disease, drug use histories and mortality in AKI group were all higher (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent influencing factors of AKI were surgical history, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, diuretics, nitroglycerin, antidiuretic hormones, body temperature, serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, red blood cells, white blood cells, D-dimer, myoglobin, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, brain natriuretic peptide, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triacylglycerol, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, activated partial thromboplastin time, blood uric acid and potassium ion (all P<0.05). Finally, the predictive factors in the nomogram were determined by forward stepwise logistic regression analysis, including chronic kidney disease, hypertension, myoglobin, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and the area under the curve of the prediction nomogram model was 0.926 [95% CI 0.918-0.933, P<0.001]. The calibration curve showed that the calibration effect of nomogram was good ( P>0.05). The decision curve showed that when the risk threshold of nomogram model was more than 0.04, the model construction was useful in clinic. In addition, the area under the curve of receiver-operating characteristic curve predicted by nomograph model in external validation set was 0.876 (95% CI 0.865-0.886), which indicated that nomograph model had a high discrimination degree. Conclusion:A nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of AKI is established successfully, which is helpful for clinicians to find high-risk AKI patients early, intervene in time and improve the prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of umbilical cord milking (UCM) on neonatal outcomes after cesarean section.Methods:Chinese and English databases (including CNKI, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine Disc, VIP, Yiigle, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) and ClinicalTrials.gov were retrieved from the inception to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials regarding UCM in neonates from different races who were born by cesarean section were included. The outcomes were postnatal hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, peak serum bilirubin level, phototherapy, cord blood pH value, intraventricular hemorrhage, death, polycythemia, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, and Apgar score. The risk of bias among the included studies was confined to low or possible risk according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 2.0. RevMan5.3 was used for meta-analysis, and subgroup analysis was performed among neonates with different gestational ages. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the grades of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) framework.Results:A total of 11 articles involving 2 347 neonates (1 322 full-term and 1 025 preterm infants) were included. Meta-analysis results showed that: (1) Compared with the immediate cord clamping, UCM increased the hemoglobin level within 24 h and 48-72 h after birth ( MD=1.40, 95% CI: 1.11-1.70, Z=9.32; MD=0.86, 95% CI: 0.69-1.02, Z=10.02, both P<0.01), hematocrit value within 24 h and 48-72 h after birth ( MD=2.73, 95% CI: 0.18-5.29, Z=2.09, P=0.04; MD=3.57, 95% CI: 2.29-4.85, Z=5.46, P<0.01). However, no significant differences were found in the peak bilirubin level, phototherapy, cord blood pH, and Apgar score at 1 and 5 min (all P>0.05). (2) Compared with delayed cord clamping, UCM increased the hemoglobin level ( MD=0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.91, Z=20.11, P<0.01) and hematocrit value ( MD=2.34, 95% CI: 1.25-3.43, Z=4.20, P<0.01) within 24 h after birth, but not in the hematocrit value at 48-72 h after birth ( MD=－0.38, 95% CI:－2.27-1.52, Z=0.39, P=0.70) or the peak bilirubin level ( MD=－0.65, 95% CI:－2.16-1.04, Z=0.69, P=0.49). Sensitivity analysis showed that for full-term neonates born by cesarean section, the peak bilirubin level in the UCM group was significantly lower than that in the delayed cord clamping group ( MD=－1.30, 95% CI:－2.26-0.34, Z=2.66, P<0.01). Still, the incidence of phototherapy, intraventricular hemorrhage (grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ), death, polycythemia, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, and Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min showed no statistical differences (all P>0.05). Conclusions:UCM could increase the short-term postnatal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates born by cesarean section, which might prevent neonatal anemia in the short term without increasing the adverse neonatal outcomes. Little effects were observed on the peak bilirubin level, phototherapy, polycythemia, etc. More high-quality and large-sample randomized controlled trials are needed in the future.