Purpose: Cancer has become a significant major public health concern, making the discovery of new cancer markers or therapeutic targets exceptionally important. Elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A) expression has been observed in certain types of cancer. This project aims to investigate the function of TNFRSF12A in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Various websites were utilized for conducting the bioinformatics analysis. Tumor cell lines with stable knockdown or overexpression of TNFRSF12A were established for cell phenotyping experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism of TNFRSF12A. Results: TNFRSF12A was upregulated in the majority of cancers and associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown TNFRSF12A hindered the colorectal cancer progression, while overexpression facilitated malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. TNFRSF12A overexpression led to increased nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signaling and significant upregulation of baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), a transcription target of the NF-κB member RELA, and it was experimentally confirmed to be a critical downstream factor of TNFRSF12A. Therefore, we speculated the existence of a TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis in colorectal cancer. Conclusion TNFRSF12A is upregulated in various cancer types and associated with a poor prognosis. In colorectal cancer, elevated TNFRSF12A expression promotes tumor growth, potentially through the TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis.

Purpose: Cancer has become a significant major public health concern, making the discovery of new cancer markers or therapeutic targets exceptionally important. Elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A) expression has been observed in certain types of cancer. This project aims to investigate the function of TNFRSF12A in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Various websites were utilized for conducting the bioinformatics analysis. Tumor cell lines with stable knockdown or overexpression of TNFRSF12A were established for cell phenotyping experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism of TNFRSF12A. Results: TNFRSF12A was upregulated in the majority of cancers and associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown TNFRSF12A hindered the colorectal cancer progression, while overexpression facilitated malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. TNFRSF12A overexpression led to increased nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signaling and significant upregulation of baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), a transcription target of the NF-κB member RELA, and it was experimentally confirmed to be a critical downstream factor of TNFRSF12A. Therefore, we speculated the existence of a TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis in colorectal cancer. Conclusion TNFRSF12A is upregulated in various cancer types and associated with a poor prognosis. In colorectal cancer, elevated TNFRSF12A expression promotes tumor growth, potentially through the TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis.

Purpose: Cancer has become a significant major public health concern, making the discovery of new cancer markers or therapeutic targets exceptionally important. Elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A) expression has been observed in certain types of cancer. This project aims to investigate the function of TNFRSF12A in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Various websites were utilized for conducting the bioinformatics analysis. Tumor cell lines with stable knockdown or overexpression of TNFRSF12A were established for cell phenotyping experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism of TNFRSF12A. Results: TNFRSF12A was upregulated in the majority of cancers and associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown TNFRSF12A hindered the colorectal cancer progression, while overexpression facilitated malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. TNFRSF12A overexpression led to increased nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signaling and significant upregulation of baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), a transcription target of the NF-κB member RELA, and it was experimentally confirmed to be a critical downstream factor of TNFRSF12A. Therefore, we speculated the existence of a TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis in colorectal cancer. Conclusion TNFRSF12A is upregulated in various cancer types and associated with a poor prognosis. In colorectal cancer, elevated TNFRSF12A expression promotes tumor growth, potentially through the TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that poses significant treatment challenges due to its heterogeneity and propensity for relapse and progression. In the last two decades, the therapeutic landscape of MM has changed dramatically, but the disease remains largely incurable, with many patients facing treatment resistance. This review evaluates the current status of MM treatments, emphasizing the limitations of traditional therapies and the emerging role of immunotherapy in improving patient outcomes. It highlights the importance of achieving and maintaining minimal residual disease negativity and a balanced immune response as key treatment goals. Furthermore, it discusses the advancements in immunotherapies that are improving the prospects for patients, particularly those with relapsed or refractory disease. Innovative strategies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, and bispecific T cell engagers, have shown significant promise by targeting the malignant cells and the bone marrow microenvironment, which are essential for disease persistence and resistance to therapy. Future research should focus on refining MM treatment strategies, including the integration of immunotherapy into earlier treatment lines and the development of predictive biomarkers for personalized treatment approaches, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.

Stem-leaf saponins from Panax notoginseng (SLSP) comprise numerous PPD-type saponins with diverse pharmacological properties; however, their role in Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of SLSP on suppressing microglia-driven neuroinflammation in experimental PD models, including the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP)-induced mouse model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Our findings revealed that SLSP mitigated behavioral impairments and excessive microglial activation in models of PD, including MPTP-treated mice. Additionally, SLSP inhibited the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and attenuated the phosphorylation of PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), and inhibitor of NFκB protein α (IκBα) both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, SLSP suppressed the production of inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Notably, the P2Y2R agonist partially reversed the inhibitory effects of SLSP in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. These results suggest that SLSP inhibit microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in experimental PD models, likely through the P2Y2R/PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway. These novel findings indicate that SLSP may offer therapeutic potential for PD by attenuating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
Animals ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Microglia/immunology* ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/immunology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/immunology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Disease Models, Animal ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of Erdong Xiaoke Formula in the treatment of type 2 diabetes dry eyes with yin deficiency and heat excess syndrome and its effect on serum interleukin 17(IL-17)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and to ex-plore the therapeutic mechanism of Erdong Xiaoke Formula.METHODS 110 cases of type 2 diabetes patients with dry eyes of yin deficiency and heat excess syndrome from Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine were enrolled and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,55 cases each.5 cases dropped out of the treatment group and 4 cases dropped out of the control group.The control group was given a basic hypoglycemic regimen combined with topical sodium hyaluronate eye drops.The treatment group was given Erdong Xiaoke Formula in addition to the treatment in the control group.The treatment course for both groups was 4 weeks.Changes in TCM syndrome scores of the two groups of patients were observed before and after treatment,and the clinical effica-cy of TCM was evaluated.Blood glucose and pancreatic islet function-related indicators[fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),fasting C-peptide(FCP),postprandial 2 h blood glucose(PBG),insulin secretion function index(HOMA-β),insulin re-sistance index(HOMA)-IR)],ocular surface indicators[tear break up time(BUT),corneal sodium fluorescein staining(FL),Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠT)],and inflammation-related indicators(IL-17,IL-1β)were detected.The occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups of patients was observed during the treatment period.RESULTS After treatment,the total scores of TCM syn-dromes in both groups were significantly reduced(P＜0.01),the treatment group was better than the control group(P＜0.01),and the total effective rate of TCM syndromes in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01);SⅠT and BUT of pa-tients in both groups increased significantly(P＜0.01),and the treatment group was better than the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);the FL of patients in both groups significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference between the groups;the ser-um IL-17 and IL-1β of the patients in the treatment group decreased significantly(P＜0.01),which was significantly better than that of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant changes in blood glucose and pancreatic islet function-related indicators in the two groups before and after treatment(P＞0.05).During the treatment,no obvious adverse reactions were observed in the two groups.CONCLUSION Erdong Xiaoke Formula can improve SⅠT,BUT,FL and eye symptoms in patients with diabetic dry eye,effectively treat diabetic dry eye,and reduce ocular surface inflammation.Its mechanism may be related to reducing serum inflammato-ry factors IL-17 and IL-1β.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum polyadenyldiphosphate ribose polymer-ase(PARP)1,soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(sTNFR1),and ventricular arrhythmias(VA)in pa-tients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods A total of 117 CHF patients who visited the hospital from August 2021 to February 2023 were selected as the research objects,and were regarded as the CHF group.Ac-cording to whether VA occurred during hospitalization,they were separated into a VA group of 25 cases and a non VA group of 92 cases.A total of 120 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations were re-garded as the healthy group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to determine the expression levels of serum PARP1 and sTNFR1 in the research objects.Spearman method was applied for correlation a-nalysis.Logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of VA in CHF patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum PARP1 and sTNFR1 levels in evaluating the occurrence of VA in CHF patients.Results The serum PARP1 and sT-NFR1 levels in the CHF group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The serum PARP1 and sTNFR1 levels in the VA group were obviously higher than those in the non VA group(P＜0.05).The cardiac troponin 1(cTnⅠ)in the VA group was higher than that in the non VA group,and the proportion of heart function grade Ⅰ,left ventricular ejection fraction,and hemoglobin(Hb)were lower than those in the non VA group(P＜0.05).The levels of serum PARP1 and sTNFR1 were positively correlated with cTnⅠ and cardiac function grading,but negatively correlated with Hb and left ventricular ejection fraction(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that PARP1 and sTNFR1 were risk factors for VA in CHF patients(P＜0.05).ROC curve shows that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined prediction of serum PARP1 and sTNFR1 for the occurrence of VA in CHF patients was 0.909,which was higher than those of single pre-dictions(ZPARP1-combination=2.023,P=0.043,ZsTNFR1-combination=2.077,P=0.038),and the sensitivity and the spe-cificity were 92.00％and 72.83％,respectively.Conclusion Serum PARP1 and sTNFR1 expression is up-reg-ulated in CHF patients,and their high expression is closely related to the occurrence of VA in CHF patients.The combination of the two has high predictive value for VA.

Tic disorder (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. According to the core symptoms,it can be classified as "liver wind","wind syndrome",and "concurrent". The clinical syndrome of TCM is based on wind,and the pathogenesis is based on the liver. However,the clinical symptoms of this disease are relatively complicated. Based on the " manifestation-qi transformation" theory,this study further explores the liver wind,lung wind,heart wind,spleen wind,and kidney wind from the pathological basis of intrinsic wind rash movement and proposes that the liver wind caused by hyperactivity of liver yang is the main cause of intrinsic wind rash movement in TD,and the lung wind caused by lung loss is the main cause. The liver is related to the heart,spleen,and kidney. Together,the five-wind affect the onset,development,and outcome of TD. Based on this understanding of the pathogenesis,it is necessary to identify the specific syndromes of the patients. The five-wind differentiation and treatment system uses the method of calming the liver and dispelling the lungs to treat the root of the internal wind rash movement. Xiaochaihu Decoction,Sangju Decoction,Cang'erzi Powder,and other prescriptions can be used with modification and subtract and use method of controlling heart fire,transporting spleen soil,and nourishing kidney water to treat derived images. Meanwhile,Xieqing Pill,Daochi Powder,Yigong Powder,Erchen Decoction,Liuwei Dihuang Pill,and other prescriptions can be used with modification.

Exposure to ionizing radiation intervenes in genomic stability and gene expression,resulting in the disruption of normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by causing complex biolog-ical responses.Altered genomic variations,gene expression and metabolite concentrations in blood or tissue samples reflect systemic radiation damage.With the application of new techniques and exten-sive study on the mechanisms for ionizing radiation damage,related indicators such as chromosomal variation,gene expression,lipid and metabolism are being recognized and promise to be the markers for early diagnosis and prognosis of radiation exposure.Therefore,this article reviews recent progress in and potential applications of biomarkers related to ionizing radiation injury.

Objective To determine the related substances in the pharmaceutical excipient triacetin by gas chromatography(GC).Methods Rtx-1701 and DB-1701 chromatographic column(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm)was used,with nitrogen as the carrier gas,the flow rate was 1.5 mL/min,the inlet temperature was 200℃,the hydrogen flame ionization detector was used,the temperature of the measuring instrument was 250℃,and the program heating was used.Results Under this chromatographic condition,each substance could be effectively separated,and showed good linearity at 2-40 μg/mL(r>0.99).The recovery rates of acetic acid,glycerol,1-monoglyceryl acetate,1,2-diglyceryl acetate and 1,3-diglyceryl acetate were 100.7%(RSD=3.12%),95.1%(RSD=3.66%),99.43%(RSD=4.62%),103.66%(RSD=5.88%)and 103.15%(RSD=4.17%)(n=6),respectively.Conclusion This method has high accuracy and good reproducibility,which can be used for the determination of related substances in the triacetin,and provides a reference for the quality standard of triacetin.