Objective To review the pathogenesis and research prospects in AA.[Methods] In this paper, we summarize the imbalance mechanism of Th1/Th2, and the relationship of fol icular helper T cells(Tfh),Thl7, Th9 ,Th22 with aplastic anemia. [Results]The imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells leads to bone marrow failure. Immunosuppressive therapy can inhibit Th1 cell, restore the balance. The pathogenesis of Tfh, Thl7, Th9 and Th22 is closely correlated with AA. [Conclusion] AA pathogenesis is complex, CD4+cellsubsets is related to the occurrence and development of AA. Detect the levels of immune cells in the serum of patients is beneficial for diagnosis and treatment of AA.

The paper reports the establishment of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for simultaneous analysis of 11 opiates in hair samples, and the study of presence of opiates in the hair of active heroin addicts. About 20 mg of decontaminated and pulverized hair sample was hydrolyzed with buffer solution for 30 min, in the presence of morphine-d3 and acetylmorphine-d6 used as internal standards, and then extracted with the mixture of dichlormethane and isopropanol, separated by the Allure PFP propyl column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 20 mmol L(-1) ammonium acetate buffer, and then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used to analyze 11 opiates. Eleven opiates showed a fairly good linearity over the corresponding range (r > 0.996 0). The detection limits were less than 0.05 ng mg(-1). The recoveries were between 47.2% and 110%, and the deviations of intra- and inter-day precision were less than 14%. Heroin, acetylmorphine, morphine, codeine, acetylcodeine and hydrocodone were detected in hair samples of 21 herion addicts. The developed method shows high sensitivity and selectivity, and is suitable for the simultaneous analysis of 11 opiates in hair samples and identify legal and illegal use of opiates.

Objective: Observing the effect of injecting 5- Fu into the mass of breast hyper-plasia. Methods: We randomly divide the 80 mastopathy patients into two groups ,40 patients ac-cepted the 5- Fu local injection (experiment group),and 40 patients taken orally rubixiaopian and ta-moxifen(control group). The clinical effects of the breast pain and breast lump were observed. Re-sults: The total effect of 5- Fu local injection into the lump of the mastopathy patients was 92.5 % , while control group was 75.0% , its difference was significant(P0.05)in the treatment of mastopathy lump. Conclusion: 5- Fu local injection had obvious effects to breast pain and breast lump of mastopathy.

Objective To establish the normative screening model and apply it to screen and manage the stroke risk group ,and to observe its application effect .Methods The screening management team in our department was set up for establishing the norma-tive stroke screening model .Then the stroke screening works were carried out in the outpatient department and the community pop-ulation .The screened groups of stroke high risk were implemented the 1-year control according to the guidelines of stroke screening and intervention .Results 9 631 individuals of stroke risk were screened ,among them 1 786 high-risk patients were screened out with a rate of 18 .55% .The interventions on the risk factors existing in the high-risk patients were implemented .The comparison of blood glucose ,blood pressure ,blood fat ,fat index ,smoking ,physical exercise and reasonable diet before and after interventions in the high-risk patients showed statistically significant differences (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Establishment of the normative manage-ment model of stroke screening is the important guarantee to do a good job of stroke screening and control for high risk group ,and significantly decreases the risk factors for high risk group .

Objective: To systematically investigate the prevalence of anxiety among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic, so as to provide the development of evidence-based psychological interventions among healthcare professionals. Methods: The publications pertaining to the prevalence of anxiety among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic were retrieved in national and international electronic databases from January 1, 2020 through November 30, 2021, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed and Web of Science. The quality of publications was evaluated using the United States Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) quality assessment of included cross-sectional studies, and the pooled prevalence of anxiety was estimated among healthcare professionals using the software Open Meta Analyst version 3.0. The publication bias were evaluated with funnel plots and Begg rank correlation test. Results: Totally 598 publications were retrieved, and 36 eligible publications were enrolled in the final analysis, including 33 Chinese publications and 3 English publications. There were 5 high-quality, 29 moderate-quality and 2 low-quality publications. All investigations pertaining to the prevalence of anxiety among healthcare professionals were conducted in 2020. Totally 19 872 healthcare professionals were investigated, and the prevalence of anxiety was 28.8% (95%CI: 24.0%-33.6%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of anxiety was 31.9% (95%CI: 17.6%-46.2%) among healthcare professionals from western China, 29.6% (95%CI: (17.8%-41.4%) from central China, and 25.3% (95%CI: 20.2%-30.3%) from eastern China. The prevalence of anxiety was 4.9% (95%CI: 3.3%-6.4%) among male healthcare professionals and 22.9% (95%CI: 17.7%-28.0%) among male healthcare professionals, and the prevalence of anxiety was 21.6% (95%CI: 13.2%-29.9%) among nurses, 5.2% (95%CI: 2.8%-7.5%) among doctors and 4.8% (95%CI: 2.2%-7.4%) among other healthcare professionals. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anxiety was 18.6% (95%CI: 14.0%-23.2%), 5.5% (95%CI: 4.1%-6.8%) and 1.9% (95%CI: 1.3%-2.5%), respectively. No publication bias was detected as revealed by funnel plots and Begg rank correlation test, and stable meta-analysis results and heterogeneity test were observed. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety is 28.8% among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic, and mild anxiety is predominant. A high prevalence rate of anxiety is seen female healthcare professionals and nurses, who should be given a high priority and timely psychological interventions

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rat model of blood hypercoagulable state by intra?venous injection of thrombin and to provide a model for researches on hypercoagulable state. Methods Rats were divided into six groups and were injected with normal saline and 2?5, 5, 10, 20, 40 U/kg thrombin solution through the femoral vein, respectively. Then, blood was drawn to test the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time ( PT) and fibrinogen ( FIB) , and to observe the death rate of rats in these groups to verify the optimal dosage. On this ba?sis, rats were injected thrombin of the best dose through the femoral vein, and blood samples were collected at 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 300 (s) to test APTT and PT and FIB for determining the best time for blood sampling. At last, the rats were divided into control group and thrombin group to inject normal saline or thrombin solution in the best dose via the fem?oral vein, and blood was taken at the best time to test APTT, PT, FIB and whole blood viscosity. Results APTT and PT values of the 10 U/kg thrombin group were the shortest, and FIB value of this group was the highest among these groups. APTT and PT values of blood sample collected at about 60 s after thrombin injection were the shortest, and FIB value was the highest. Compared with the control group, PT and APTT values of the thrombin group were shorter (P<0?05), and blood viscosity and FIB were higher ( P<0?05 ) . Conclusions Injecting thrombin solution into the femoral vein can be used to establish a rat model of hypercoagulable state. The best dose of thrombin solution is 10 U/kg in a concentration of 2 U/mL. The best time to collect blood sample is 60 s.

AIM: To investigate the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the intracellular calcium in electrically stimulated adult rat ventricular myocytes during anoxia and reoxygenation. METHODS: The isolated cardiac ventricular myocytes were exposed to 5 min anoxia followed by 10 min reoxygenation. Chemical anoxia was introduced by Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution containing 10 -3 mol/L sodium dithionite. The spectrofluorometric method was used to verify intracellular calcium transient with fura-2/AM as calcium fluorescence probe. RESULTS: It was shown that during anoxia, the amplitude of Ca 2+ transient was decreased, diastolic [Ca 2+ ] i, time to peak and time to relaxation of Ca 2+ transient were increased. All the parameters were got back but did not returned to the pre-anoxia level during reoxygenation. IL-2 at 2?10 5 U/L administrated during anoxia aggravated the effect of rexoxygenation on [Ca 2+ ] i transient. Pretreatment with a specific ? opioid antagonist, nor-BNI (10 -8 mol/L), abolished the effect induced by IL-2 during anoxia on the [Ca 2+ ] i transients, whereas specific ? opioid antagonist, naltrindole (10 -6 mol/L), did not cancel the effect. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that administration of IL-2 during anoxia aggravated the effect of reoxygenation on the [Ca 2+ ] i transients of isolated ventricular myocytes, which was mediated by cardiac ? opioid receptor pathway.

AIM:To investigate whether nimesulide a selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor and piroxicam (an inhibitor of COX-1) protect the rat hearts against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion or hydroxyl free radical. METHODS: Cardiac contractility, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed by the Langendorff method in isolated rat hearts. Production of 6-Keto-PGF1?, a marker of COX activity, was measured in isolated rat hearts. RESULTS: Rat hearts were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pyrogallol (which produced superoxide anion) or Vit C+Fe2+ (which produced hydroxyl free radical) for 10 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min. H2O2 decreased cardiac contractility and increased LDH release, which was inhibited by nimesulide (3 mg/kg) LVDP 72%?10% vs 61%?11%, LDH (5.5?2.5)U/L vs (8.0?2.1)U/L, P

AIM: The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of iron on relaxation of isolated rat aortic rings,and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The thoracic aortic rings of male Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted on bath system. Vasodilatation of aortic rings preconstricted with 10 -6 mol/L of phenylephrine (PE) was measured. RESULTS: (1) Exposure of endothelium-intact aortic rings to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) for 30 min caused a significant reduction in the relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh). Pretreatment with L-arginine (L-Arg) before incubation with FAC did not reverse the inhibition of relaxation response to ACh completely. (2) In endothelium-intact aortic rings,L-Arg relaxed the PE preconstricted vessels. Exposure to FAC for 30 min caused the decrease in the relaxation response to L-Arg. There was no difference in the relaxation response to nitric oxide donor,sodium nitroprusside, between endothelium-denuded arteries treated with or without FAC. (3) Dimethyl sulfoxide had no effect on the inhibition of relaxation to ACh by FAC in endothelium-intact rings. Pretreatment of arteries with glutathione and catalase prevented the decrease in relaxation responses to ACh induced by FAC. (4) The nitric oxide synthase activity was (56.49?2.49)?10 3U/g protein in normal aorta with endothelium,while after incubation with FAC for 30 min,it reduced to (25.15?5.75)?10 3U/g protein ( P

AIM: To test whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) del ays ischemia-induced electrical uncoupling by activation of mitochondrial ATP-se nsitive potassium channels (mitoK ATP ). METHODS: Adult rat hearts perfused on a Langendorf f apparatus were subjected to 40 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. C han ges in coupling were monitored by measuring whole-tissue resistance. RES ULTS: IP C delayed the onset of uncoupling campared to ischemic control; Blocking mitoK ATP channels before the IPC protocol abolished the delay of uncoupling. The specif ic mitoK ATP channel opener diazoxide mimicked the protective effect of IPC . The delay induced by diazoxide was reduced by 5-HD, L-type Ca 2+ channel inhibitor verapamil and a free radical scavenger N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine. CONCLUSIONS: IPC delays the onset of cellular electrical uncoup ling induced by acute ischemia, in which activation of the mitoK ATP channe ls may be involved.