Objective To clarify the clinicopathological features of ovarian clear cell carcinoma derived from endometriotic cyst (EC-OCCC).Methods Totally 54 cases of EC-OCCC were recruited in the current retrospective study.The relation between ages, clinical symptoms and signs, surgical and pathological stages, serum CA125, findings of ultrasound, treatments and the sites of tumors, macro-and micro-features and expression of immunostainings were analyzed.Results (1) Clinical features: the ages of patients were (50±6) years old (range 31-62 years old).Pelvic mass was the major complaint of 50 patients (93％, 50/54).Forty-five cases belonged to International federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ⅰ, 4 cases were stage Ⅱ and another 5 cases were stage Ⅲ.Serum CA125 was elevated in 21 cases (54％, 21/39) before therapy.Doppler ultrasound showed 46 cases (85％, 46/54) had solid masses in pelvis.(2) Pathological findings: 52 cases (96％, 52/54) had their tumor unilaterally, and 2 cases (4％, 2/54) occurred bilaterally.The maximal diameters of endometriotic cyst (EC) ranged from 1.5 to 23.0 cm and maximal diameters of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) components were from 0.5 to 12.0 cm.Fifty-one cases (94％, 51/54) had their tumor within EC, which showed focally irregular protrudings, grey-white papillae or solid nodules attached to the cyst wall.Three cases (6％, 3/54) appeared as irregular thickened wall of the cysts, ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm in the maximal length, with the microscopic features of EC and OCCC and the transitional areas between the 2 morphologies.All cases expressed cytokeratin (CK) 7 and pan-CK AE1/AE3, 17 cases (33％, 17/51) expressed ER and 5 cases (10％, 5/51) expressed PR.TP53 showed mutational phenotype in 19 cases (36％, 19/53).Sixteen cases (30％, 16/54) combined with uterine adenomyosis and 25 cases (46％, 25/54) with endometriosis at other sites.(3) Survival survey: during the period of 39.1 months follow-up, 3 cases relapsed and 2 cases died.(4) There was a significant difference of serum CA125 between patients of early-and advanced-stages (P=0.049).There were no differences identified in ages, diameters of EC and OCCC, the expression level of ER, PR and TP53, the co-existence of adenomyosis and endometrosis, as well as ultrasonic findings (P＞0.05).Conclusion EC-OCCC could be recognized in early stage by symptoms and ultrasound due to accompanied endometriotic cysts, resulting in relatively good prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) andinterleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) in adult rats with spinal cord injury. Methods 72 adult SD rats were randomly divided into damage group (n=24), electrical stimulation group (n=24) and normal group (n=24). The spinal cord incomplete injury model on T9 was made with Allen'smethod in the former 2 groups. The rats in electrical stimulation group accepted electrical stimulation for 7 d. All the rats were evaluatedwith the Basso, Beattie & Bresnahan locomotor rating scale (BBB scale), and the expression of GFAP and IL-1α were determined with immunohistochemistry.Results The BBB scores in both the damage group and electrical stimulation group were significantly less than that inthe normal group (P<0.05), and it was more in the electrical stimulation group than in the damage group 5 and 7 d after injury. The expressionsof the GFAP significantly increased after injury to the peak on 5th day, while it was less in the electrical stimulation group than in thedamage group 5 and 7 d after injury (P<0.05). The expressions of the IL-1α increased continually after injury, while it was less in the electricalstimulation group than in the damage group 5 and 7 d after injury (P<0.05). Conclusion Electrical stimulation can inhibit the expressionof GFAP and IL-1α, that reduce inflammation and glial scar formation.

Ebola virus disease , which can cause ebola hemorrhagic fever , is a potent zoonotic infectious virus disease . In 2014 , Ebola virus spread across West Africa and it has become a new major threat to global public health .This article summarizes the structural features of Ebola virus , transmission characteristics , interactions ,animal models .

Detection of pathogenic microorganisms has been a hot research field of microbiology.Conventional detection methods,such as isolation and culture, PCR technology, ELISA and genomic sequencing,are all time-consuming and com-plex.Because of the advantages of quick-testing, accuracy, safety and efficiency, spectroscopy has become a new non-inva-sive testing technology and has witnessed rapid development in pathogen detection and disease diagnosis.This article intro-duces three types of common spectroscopy technologies ( laser excitation fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy) , and also explains how they work in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms.

Objective: To investigate influence of Wenxin particle on cardiac electrophysiology in rats complicated with depression after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: A total of 50 SD rats were randomly and equally divided into normal group, MI group, depression group, MI complicated with depression group (model group) and Wenxin particle group (Wenxin particle were given to model rats by gavage, 2 g/d, 28d). Model（MI complicated with depression）rats were made by acute ligation of left coronary artery and supply chronic unpredictable mild stress in order. The influences of Wenxin particle on cardiac electrophysiological indexes, such as monophasic action potential (MAP90), left ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were evaluated in Wenxin particle group. Results: (1) Compared with normal group, there were significant decrease in behavior scores (P<0.05) in model group, after four-week treatment with Wenxin particle, their behavior scores significantly increased (P<0.01); (2) Compared with normal group, there were significant increase in MAPD90 and ERP, and significant decrease in VFT in model group (P<0.05); compared with model group, there were significant decrease in MAPD90 [(89.33±7.12) ms vs. (72.29±8.37) ms] and ERP [(84.00±6.57) ms vs. (68.00±7.43) ms], and significant increase in VFT [(7±3.11)V vs. (29±5.60)V] in Wenxin particle group, P<0.05. Conclusion: Wenxin particle can improve cardiac electrical remodeling in rats complicated with depression after myocardial infarction, including decrease monophasic action potential duration and effective refractory period, and raise ventricular fibrillation threshold.

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are common cystic lesions of odontogenic epithelial origin that can occur sporadically or in association with naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS).OKCs are locally aggressive,cause marked destruction of the jaw bones and have a propensity to recur.PTCH1 mutations (at ～80％) are frequently detected in the epithelia of both NBCCS-related and sporadic OKCs,suggesting that PTCH1 inactivation might constitutively activate sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling and play a major role in disease pathogenesis.Thus,small molecule inhibitors of SHH signalling might represent a new treatment strategy for OKCs.However,studies on the molecular mechanisms associated with OKCs have been hampered by limited epithelial cell yields during OKC explant culture.Here,we constructed an isogenic PTCH1R135X/+ cellular model of PTCH1 inactivation by introducing a heterozygous mutation,namely,c.403C＞T (p.R135X),which has been identified in OKC patients,into a human embryonic stem cell line using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Casg) system.This was followed by the induction of epithelial differentiation.Using this in vitro isogenic cellular model,we verified that the PTCH1R135X/+ heterozygous mutation causes ligand-independent activation of SHH signalling due to PTCH1 haploinsufficiency.This activation was found to be downregulated in a dose-dependent manner by the SHH pathway inhibitor GDC-0449.In addition,through inhibition of activated SHH signalling,the enhanced proliferation observed in these induced cells was suppressed,suggesting that GDC-0449 might represent an effective inhibitor of the SHH pathway for use during OKC treatment.

In this retrospective study, 56 cases of adverse reactions caused by Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (pill) were statistically analyzed in respects of genders, ages, routes of administration, clinical manifestations, etc. We pinpointed that the main factors related to safety problems of Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (pill) are irrational drug use and drug quality, and put forward suggestions for strengthening the surveillance and administration of Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (pill) and improving clinical rational use.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy ; standards ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Tablets ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older adult population in Shanghai Pudong New District.Methods Two thousand residents aged 45 years and above were randomly selected for questionnaire survey and health check-up in Shanghai Pudong New District from July 2006 to October 2010.The laboratory examinations were also performed including the urine routine,urinary protein to creatinine ratio,serum creatinine,blood glucose and lipids.The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated by simplified Chinese MDRD (modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equation.SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.Results Among 1905 residents who completed survey and examinations,the adjusted prevalence of albuminuria was 12.0％ (95％ CI:0.105-0.135) and of eGFR less than 60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 was 1.9％ (95 ％ CI: 0.172-0.213).The prevalence of CKD was 12.6％ (95 ％ CI: 0.112-0.142).Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR =1.043),hypertension (OR =2.272),diabetes mellitus (OR =1.233)and hyperuricemia (OR =1.003)were independently associated with CKD.Conclusions The prevalence of CKD in adult residents (≥45 years) from Shanghai Pudong New District is high.It is necessary to carry out early screening and to intervene risk factors of CKD in middle-aged and older residents.

Objective To investigate the effects of human leukocyte-associated antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in silencing trophoblast cell line JEG-3 under normal and hypoxic conditions on invasion and proliferation of JEG-3 cells. Methods Inhibition of HLA-G expression in JEG-3 cells by transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA),the transfected JEG-3 cells were divided into 4 groups: normoxia control group, hypoxia control group, normoxia inhibition group and hypoxia inhibition group. The levels of HLA-G mRNA and protein in 4 groups of cells were detected by real-time quantitive PCR and western blot. The proliferation activity and invasion ability of 4 groups of cells were determined by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and invasion assay.Results (1) Real-time quantitive PCR technology showed: the level of HLA-G mRNA in the hypoxic inhibition group (0.220±0.050) was significantly different (P<0.05), when compared with that in the hypoxic control group (0.630±0.030) and normoxic inhibition group (0.400± 0.020). (2) Western blot analysis showed: the expression level of HLA-G protein in the hypoxic inhibition group was 0.260±0.010, statistically different from that in the hypoxic control group (0.850±0.100) and the normoxic inhibition group (0.560±0.020; P<0.05).(3) MTT showed: proliferative activity of JEG-3 cells in the normoxic inhibition group was 0.490 ± 0.070, the ability of cell proliferation was reduced. When compared with that in the normoxic control group (0.850±0.050), the differences was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proliferative activity of JEG-3 cells in the hypoxic inhibition group (0.330±0.070) was lower than that in the normoxic inhibition group (0.490±0.070), and there was a significant difference (P<0.05). (4) Invasion assay showed: compared with the normoxic control group (98±7), the invasive ability of JEG-3 cells in the normoxic inhibition group (73 ± 7) was weakened, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The number of transmembrane cells (52±11) of JEG-3 cells in the hypoxic inhibition group was lower than that in the hypoxic control group (72±7), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the normoxic inhibition group, the invasion ability of JEG-3 cells in the hypoxic inhibition group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Under hypoxia, using siRNA technology to down-regulate the expression of HLA-G may affect the proliferation and invasion ability of trophoblast cells, which may be involved in the occurrence of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene polymorphism and delayed cerebral edema in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).Methods 137 HICH patients were recruited to participate in the study.According to whether combined with delayed cerebral edema,they were divided into the case group (42 cases) and the control group (95 cases).Genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-FLP) for MMP-9 gene-1562C/T polymorphism.Clinical data was collected for statistical analysis.Results There was significant difference in age,diabetes,persistent fever,baseline hematoma volume and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) between the case group and the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,serum MMP-9 level of the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group [(176.7 ± 50.3) mg/L vs (145.8 ± 41.3) mg/L,P =0.000].There were significant difference in serum MMP-9 level between genotype CC and genotype (CT + TT) [(147.3 ± 45.0) mg/L vs (189.2 ± 59.4)mg/L,P =0.000].Compared with the control group,the distribution frequencies of allele T in the case group was significantly increased (P =0.019).Multivariatc Logistic regression analysis showed that Allele T was a risk factor of delayed cerebral edema for HICH patients (OR =2.612,95％ CI:1.187-6.670,P =0.005).Conclusions For spontaneous HICH patients,MMP-9 gene-1562C/T polymorphism may closely related to delayed cerebral edema.