Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of albumin-bound Paclitaxel combined with Sintilimab on advanced esophageal cancer,and to analyze the survival benefit.Methods A total of 126 patients with advanced esophageal cancer admitted to Rugao People's Hospital from March 2020 to March 2023 were selected,and divided into the observation group(n=63)and the control group(n=63)using a random number table method.The control group was given albumin-bound Paclitaxel,while the observation group was given albumin-bound Paclitaxel combined with Sintilimab.The clinical efficacy,tumor markers[cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA21-1),squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC-Ag),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)],immune function indicators(Th1/Th2,Th17/Treg),PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway indicators,Karnofsky performance status(KPS)scores,overall survival,and toxic side effects were compared between the two groups.Results The objective remission rate[38.10%(24/63)]and disease control rate[87.30%(55/63)]of the observation group were higher than those of the control group[20.63%(13/63),71.43%(45/63)](P<0.05).After 2 and 4 cycles of treatment,the serum SCC-Ag,CYFRA21-1,CA125 and CEA in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);after 2 and 4 cycles of treatment,compared with the control group,the observation group showed higher Th1/Th2,and lower Th17/Treg,PD-1 and PD-L1(P<0.05).The improvement rate of quality of life,progression free survival and overall survival in the observation group were higher or longer than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of abnormal liver dysfunction,nausea and vomiting,decreased hemoglobin and leucopenia between the two groups(P>0.05),but the incidence of rash in the observation group[57.14%(36/63)]was higher than that in the control group[34.92%(22/63)](P<0.05).Conclusion Combination therapy of Sintilimab and albumin-bound Paclitaxel shows significant efficacy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer.It can regulate serum tumor marker levels,improve immune function,reduce the activity of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway to inhibit disease progression,enhance survival benefits,and improve quality of life.However,attention should be paid to the observation of rash reactions during treatment.

Objective To analyze the application characteristics,trends,and special advantages of anti-infection research using the Bayesian method,and to provide methodological reference for the development of anti-infection research.Methods PubMed,CNKI and WanFang Data were electronically searched for the studies on anti-infection using Bayesian method published from January 1,2015 to November 21,2023.The relevant information of publication time,anti-infection type,sample size,Bayesian characteristics and Bayesian application pattern were analyzed descriptively and reviewed.Results A total of 86 studies were included,of which 41.9％were observational studies,only 7.0％were enterprise-initiated studies,and 48.8％were mentioning prior information studies.There was no domestic intervention study.The application characteristics and advantages of Bayesian method in intervention study,observational study and pharmacokinetic study are different.In intervention researches and observational researches,the application of Bayesian design decision and the application of Bayesian analysis and estimation accounts for 69.2％and 52.8％at most,respectively.Conclusions The Bayesian method is flexible,can be used for small sample sizes and complex model research,and can deal with uncertainty.In intervention studies in the field of anti-infection in China,the Bayesian method has not been applied widely.Only a handful of studies applying Bayesian method have been initiated by companies.In the future,it is still necessary to promote the advantages and application scenarios of Bayesian methods in the field of anti-infection research and strengthen the standardization of the application of Bayesian method.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is characterized as a cell death pathway governed by specific gene-encoding requirements, plays crucial roles in the homeostasis and innate immunity of organisms, and serves as both a pathogenic mechanism and a therapeutic target for a variety of human diseases. Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) functions as a cytosolic nucleic acid sensor, utilizing its unique Zα domains to detect endogenous or exogenous nucleic acids and its receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) domains to sense or bind specific signaling molecules, thereby exerting regulatory effects on various forms of PCD. ZBP1 is involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis and interacts with molecules, such as receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), to influence cell fate under various pathological conditions. It plays a crucial role in regulating PCD during infections, inflammatory and neurological diseases, cancers, and other conditions, affecting disease onset and progression. Targeting ZBP1-associated PCD may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for related pathological conditions. This review comprehensively summarizes the regulatory functions of ZBP1 in PCD and its interactions with several closely associated signaling molecules and delineates the diseases linked to ZBP1-mediated PCD, along with the potential therapeutic implications of ZBP1 in these contexts. Ongoing research on ZBP1 is being refined across various disease models, and these advancements may provide novel insights for studies focusing on PCD, potentially leading to new therapeutic options for related diseases.

Objective To analyze the application characteristics,trends,and special advantages of anti-infection research using the Bayesian method,and to provide methodological reference for the development of anti-infection research.Methods PubMed,CNKI and WanFang Data were electronically searched for the studies on anti-infection using Bayesian method published from January 1,2015 to November 21,2023.The relevant information of publication time,anti-infection type,sample size,Bayesian characteristics and Bayesian application pattern were analyzed descriptively and reviewed.Results A total of 86 studies were included,of which 41.9％were observational studies,only 7.0％were enterprise-initiated studies,and 48.8％were mentioning prior information studies.There was no domestic intervention study.The application characteristics and advantages of Bayesian method in intervention study,observational study and pharmacokinetic study are different.In intervention researches and observational researches,the application of Bayesian design decision and the application of Bayesian analysis and estimation accounts for 69.2％and 52.8％at most,respectively.Conclusions The Bayesian method is flexible,can be used for small sample sizes and complex model research,and can deal with uncertainty.In intervention studies in the field of anti-infection in China,the Bayesian method has not been applied widely.Only a handful of studies applying Bayesian method have been initiated by companies.In the future,it is still necessary to promote the advantages and application scenarios of Bayesian methods in the field of anti-infection research and strengthen the standardization of the application of Bayesian method.

Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of albumin-bound Paclitaxel combined with Sintilimab on advanced esophageal cancer,and to analyze the survival benefit.Methods A total of 126 patients with advanced esophageal cancer admitted to Rugao People's Hospital from March 2020 to March 2023 were selected,and divided into the observation group(n=63)and the control group(n=63)using a random number table method.The control group was given albumin-bound Paclitaxel,while the observation group was given albumin-bound Paclitaxel combined with Sintilimab.The clinical efficacy,tumor markers[cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA21-1),squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC-Ag),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)],immune function indicators(Th1/Th2,Th17/Treg),PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway indicators,Karnofsky performance status(KPS)scores,overall survival,and toxic side effects were compared between the two groups.Results The objective remission rate[38.10%(24/63)]and disease control rate[87.30%(55/63)]of the observation group were higher than those of the control group[20.63%(13/63),71.43%(45/63)](P<0.05).After 2 and 4 cycles of treatment,the serum SCC-Ag,CYFRA21-1,CA125 and CEA in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);after 2 and 4 cycles of treatment,compared with the control group,the observation group showed higher Th1/Th2,and lower Th17/Treg,PD-1 and PD-L1(P<0.05).The improvement rate of quality of life,progression free survival and overall survival in the observation group were higher or longer than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of abnormal liver dysfunction,nausea and vomiting,decreased hemoglobin and leucopenia between the two groups(P>0.05),but the incidence of rash in the observation group[57.14%(36/63)]was higher than that in the control group[34.92%(22/63)](P<0.05).Conclusion Combination therapy of Sintilimab and albumin-bound Paclitaxel shows significant efficacy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer.It can regulate serum tumor marker levels,improve immune function,reduce the activity of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway to inhibit disease progression,enhance survival benefits,and improve quality of life.However,attention should be paid to the observation of rash reactions during treatment.

Objective:To systematically evaluate and Meta-synthesize qualitative studies on the home management needs of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) to understand their actual self-management needs and improve the quality of home management for patients with SCI in China.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for qualitative research on the home management needs of patients with SCI, with a search timeframe up to November 30, 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (2016). Results were integrated and analyzed using Meta-synthesize methods.Results:A total of 15 studies were included, from which 58 distinct research findings were extracted. These were categorized into 10 new categories, which were further integrated into four main results: the need for positive emotional support, daily living-related needs, healthcare service needs, and social support needs.Conclusions:Healthcare providers should deeply understand the home management needs of patients with SCI. Utilizing artificial intelligence technology, an integrated support model encompassing hospital, home, and society can be constructed. Establishing a comprehensive home rehabilitation platform for patients with SCI can focus on psychological issues and enhance social support levels, thereby improving patients' quality of life.

Objective:To integrate qualitative research on the real experience of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) returning to society after discharge, so as to provide a basis for developing transitional care intervention program, and promote patients' reintegration into society.Methods:Qualitative research on the real experience of patients with SCI returning to society after discharge was electronically retrieved on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Service System, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and so on .The search period was from database establishment to August 30, 2023. The quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Center (2016) was used to assess the quality of literature, and Meta-synthesis was used to integrate the results.Results:A total of 16 articles were included, and 51 research results were extracted. Similar research results were summarized and combined to form 12 new categories, which were then synthesized into four integrated results, including experiencing physical and mental discomfort following discharge, facing challenges in reintegrating into society, seeking social support, and adapting to social life through self-adjustment role changes.Conclusions:Patients with SCI have multiple psychological experiences in the process of reintegration into society. Medical and nursing staff should attach importance to their inner needs, help them overcome stress and challenges, provide them with personalized continuous care, and promote their role adaptation and reintegration into society.

Objective To analyze the interactions between different structural types of volatile oil compo-nents(VOCs)and skin lipid molecules,and investigate the mechanism of volatile oil in Chi-nese materia medica(VOCMM)as penetration enhancers. Methods In this study,210 different structural types of VOCs were selected from the VOCMM penetration enhancer database,and the molecular docking experiments were conducted with three main lipid molecules of skin:ceramide 2(CER2),cholesterol(CHL),and free fatty acid(FFA).Each VOC was docked individually with each lipid molecule.Cluster analysis was used to explore the relationship between the binding energy of VOCs and their molecular struc-tures.Nine specific pathogen-free(SPF)Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided in-to Control,Nootkatone,and 3-Butylidenephthalide groups for in vitro percutaneous experi-ments,with three rats in each group.The donor pool solutions were 3%gastrodin,3%gas-trodin+3%nootkatone,and 3%gastrodin+3%3-butylidenephthalide,respectively.The pen-etration enhancing effects of VOCs with higher binding energy were evaluated by comparing the 12-hour cumulative percutaneous absorption of gastrodin(Q12,μg/cm2). Results(i)Most of the VOCs were non-hydrogen bonded to the hydrophobic parts of CHL and FFA,and hydrogen bonded to the head group of CER2.Among them,sesquiterpene ox-ides showed the most pronounced binding affinity to CER2.The VOCs with 2-4 rings(in-cluding carbon rings,benzene rings,and heterocycles)demonstrated stronger binding affini-ty for three skin lipid molecules compared with the VOCs without intramolecular rings(P<0.01).(ii)According to the cluster analysis,most of the VOCs that bond well to CER2 had 2-3 intramolecular rings.The non-oxygenated VOCs were bonded to CER2 in a hydrophobic manner.The oxygenated VOCs were mostly bonded to CER2 by hydrogen bonding.(iii)The results of Franz diffusion cell experiment showed that the Q12 of Control group was 260.60±25.09 μg/cm2,and the transdermal absorption of gastrodin was significantly increased in Nootkatone group(Q12=5 503.00±1 080.00 μg/cm2,P<0.01).The transdermal absorption of gastrodin was also increased in 3-Butylidenephthalide group(Q12=495.40±56.98 μg/cm2,P>0.05).(iv)The type of oxygen-containing functional groups in VOCs was also an influencing factor of binding affinity to CER2. Conclusion The interactions between different types of VOCs with different structures in the VOCMM and three skin lipid molecules in the stratum corneum were investigated at the molecular level in this paper.This research provided theoretical guidance and data support for the screening of volatile oil-based penetration enhancers,and a simple and rapid method for studying the penetration-enhancing mechanism of volatile oils.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the real experience of living related organ transplantation donors from relatives and provide evidence-based basis for medical and nursing staff to develop personalized intervention measures.Methods:Qualitative study on the real experience of living related organ transplantation donors from relatives was searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and Biology Medicine disc. The search period was from database establishment to August 31, 2022. The article was evaluated using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative study of the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-Based Healthcare Center. We converged the results and performed Meta-synthesis.Results:A total of 15 articles were included, 32 research results were extracted, and summarized and integrated into 13 new categories. A total of 5 integration results were synthesized, including the motivation to donate, the pressure and challenges faced before transplantation, the physical and mental discomfort caused by donation, the positive impact of donation, and the desire for support and needs from various aspects.Conclusions:Donors of living related organ transplantation have multiple psychological experiences during the process of organ donation. Nurses should dynamically assess the pressure and challenges faced by donors, provide diverse support to meet their needs, help donors actively respond, and improve their quality of life.

A large spontaneous mass on the dorsal abdomen near the hip joint was found in an aged female Tupaia belangeri subsp. yaoshanensis after 5 years of routine feeding. The tumor in the diseased tree shrew was huge, with an intact surface and no ulceration; however, it caused inconvenience in movement while maintaining a good mental state. After inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane (2%-4%), the tree shrew was euthanized after the tree shrew entered deep anesthesia. Anatomical dissection of the tumor, the tumor boundary was unclear and infiltrated into surrounding tissues. HE staining showed that small focal pleomorphism and large areas of adipocytes were seen in the tumor tissue. The pleomorphic sarcoma area was mainly composed of atypical epithelioid cells with easily visible nuclear divisions. The size of the adipocytes was significantly different, and more pleomorphic adipocytes were seen. The cell volume was large, the nucleus was deeply stained and deformed, the edge was impressed, and the cytoplasm was seen with multiple vesicular lipid droplets. Immunohistochemical results showed that the tumor cells were positive for Vimentin, the small focal polymorphic adipocyte nucleus was positive for S-100, and Ki-67 exhibited a higher proportion of positivity. Combined with HE staining and immunohistochemical results, the spontaneous tumor in this tree shrew was comprehensively diagnosed as pleomorphic liposarcoma.