The education on vocational medical students career planning is an important part not only in the field of higher vocational education but also for the employment guidance of the higher vocational medical colleges. According to the reality of the vocational medical students career planning in our country I propose some points about how to strengthen the education on the vocational medical students about their career planning.

Objective To develop a flow cytometrie assay to for diagnosis of X-Linked Hyper.1gM Syndrome(XHIM).Methods Heparinized peripheral blood obtained from patient,mother and a healthy control was diluted with RPMI- 1640(unstimulated control)or with RPMI-1640 containing 15μl PMA(1 rig/μl)and 6 trl ionomycin(50 ng/μl)(stimulated cell).Using directly labeled antibodies,we have examined CD40 ligand levels on CD3+ CD8- lymphocyte surface,and CD69 levels on CD;lymphocyte Surface to determine whether the cells were activated.Results CD69 levels on CD3+ lymphocyte surface from stimulated group and from unstimulated group were above 96% and below 3%,respectively.CD40L levels Oil CD3 CDs-T lymphocyte surface from stimulated group were 0.8% (patient),60.04%(mother) and 62.87%(healthy contr01).CD40L levels on CD3+ CD8-T lymphocyte surface from unstimulated group were 0.88% (patient),4.15%(mother)and 5.51%(healthy contr01).Conclusion This flow cytometric assayis accurate and convenient,which Can be used in neonatal screening.

AIM: To investigate the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the intracellular calcium in electrically stimulated adult rat ventricular myocytes during anoxia and reoxygenation. METHODS: The isolated cardiac ventricular myocytes were exposed to 5 min anoxia followed by 10 min reoxygenation. Chemical anoxia was introduced by Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution containing 10 -3 mol/L sodium dithionite. The spectrofluorometric method was used to verify intracellular calcium transient with fura-2/AM as calcium fluorescence probe. RESULTS: It was shown that during anoxia, the amplitude of Ca 2+ transient was decreased, diastolic [Ca 2+ ] i, time to peak and time to relaxation of Ca 2+ transient were increased. All the parameters were got back but did not returned to the pre-anoxia level during reoxygenation. IL-2 at 2?10 5 U/L administrated during anoxia aggravated the effect of rexoxygenation on [Ca 2+ ] i transient. Pretreatment with a specific ? opioid antagonist, nor-BNI (10 -8 mol/L), abolished the effect induced by IL-2 during anoxia on the [Ca 2+ ] i transients, whereas specific ? opioid antagonist, naltrindole (10 -6 mol/L), did not cancel the effect. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that administration of IL-2 during anoxia aggravated the effect of reoxygenation on the [Ca 2+ ] i transients of isolated ventricular myocytes, which was mediated by cardiac ? opioid receptor pathway.

AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the positive effect of isoproterenol (ISO) in the isolated rat cardiomyocytes. METHODS: Enzymatically isolated cardiomyocytes were used. Peak twitch amplitude and maximal velocity of shortening/relaxation (?dL/dt_~max ) in the isolated cardiomyocytes were recorded with a microscope coupled to a charge-coupled device camera and [Ca~2+ ]i transients were determined with a fluorometric ratio method by using Fura-2/AM as Ca~2+ indicators. RESULTS: ① ISO increased the peak twitch amplitude and ?dL/dt_~max of the isolated cardiomyocytes. Perfusion for 15 min with IL-2 at 2?103 U/L, which had no effect at all, attenuated the enhancing effect of ISO on the peak twitch amplitude and ?dL/dt_~max . ② ISO increased the [Ca~2+ ]i transients of the single ventricular myocytes in a dose dependent manner and the corresponding EC_~50 values of ISO was (0.12?0.01) ?mol/L. Perfusion for 15 min with IL-2 at 2?103 U/L, which had no effect on the ~[Ca~2+ ]i transient at all, attenuated the enhancing effect of ISO and the corresponding EC_~50 was (0.44?0.06) ?mol/L. ③ The electrically induced [Ca~2+ ]i transient was significantly increased by pretreatment with 20 mg/L cholera toxin for ~12 h. The elevation of the [Ca~2+ ]i transient induced by cholera toxin was significantly attenuated by 2?103 U/L IL-2. ④ Forskolin (1 ?mol/L), the activator of adenyl cyclase, significantly increased the electrically induced [Ca~2+ ]i transient, which was attenuated by IL-2 at 2?103 U/L. CONCLUSION: IL-2 inhibits the positive effect of isoproterenol in the isolated single ventricular myocytes, in which Gs protein and adenyl cyclase are involved. [

Objective To investigate the effects of intestinal microbiota of patients with chronic constipation on the expression of serotonin transporter (SERT) and the bowel movement in mice.Methods Fecal samples of patients with slow transit constipation met Rome Ⅲ criteria and healthy normal controls were collected and made into fecal microbiota solution.Twenty specfic pathogen free (SPF) mice were divided into experiment group and control group.The mice of two groups were both pre-treated with streptomycin to establish the germ-free mice model.The mice of control group were gavaged with mixed fecal microbiota solution of healthy normal controls and the mice of experiment group were gavaged with mixed fecal microbiota solution of patients with chronic constipation.Mice were sacrificed after fed for 15 days.Defecation parameters and ink discharge time of mice were detected.The expressions of SERT mRNA and SERT protein in mice intestinal tissues were detected with real time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels of mice intestinal tissues were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and double immunofluorescent staining.The methods of t test and Chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis.Results On the 15th day,the total number of the feces within 2 h of the experiment group and control group was 8.55±1.83 and 12.14±2.90,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.33,P＜0.05).The weight of feces were (151.90 ± 32.42) mg and (246.72 ± 64.01) mg,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.18,P＜0.01).The dry weight of feces were (65.52±11.76) mg and (92.93±23.07) mg,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.37,P＜0.05).The water content of feces were (56.63 ± 3.01) ％ and (61.95 ± 3.70) ％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.57,P＜0.05).The defecating time of first black feces of the experiment group and control group were (83.24±11.31) min and (69.06±2.72) min,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.74,P＜0.05).The expressions of SERT mRNA and SERT protein levels in mice intestine tissues of the experiment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t =2.61,-6.89;both P＜0.05).5-HT level of mice intestinal tissues of the experimental group and control group were (151.69± 10.18) ng/mL and (198.77 ± 25.99) ng/mL,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.13,P＜0.01).Conclusion Intestinal microbiota of patients with chronic constipation may influence the expression of SERT in the mice intestinal tissues,and then decrease the level of 5-HT,slowing the bowel movement in mice.

Objective To express EV71 VP1 in prokaryotic expression system,initially evaluate the ability of blocking EV71 infection and the neutralizing activity of its polyclonal antibody.Methods Construct the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET30a (+)-VP1.Induced expression in Transetta (DE3) with IPTG and identified by Western blot.After purified with HisBind Protein Purification Kit,its ability of blocking EV71 infection and the neutralizing activity of its polyclonal antibody were analyzed.Results Plasmid PET-30a(+)-VPI was constructed successfully and the objective protein was expressed effectively.The ELISA titer of the polyclonal antibody was 1:3200 while neutralizing titer was 1:16 and the recombination protein lost the ability of blocking EV71 infection.Conclusion The recombination protein can stimulate mice to produce antibodies and the polyclonal antibody shew neutralizing activity but the recombination protein lost the binding activity to receptors probably due to the wrong advanced structure.

Objective To investigate the influence of different respiratory parameter setting during gynecological laparoscopic surgery on early postoperative cognitive function.Methods Eighty patients undergoing elective ovarian cancer or cervical cancer were grouped randomly into groups A, B,C and D.In group A patients were ventilated with respiratory parameters of VT 8 ml/kg,RR 12 times/min.While patients in groups B,C and D with identical minute volume 105 ml/kg though with respective RR of 12,1 5 and 18 times/min respectively.Patients in four groups were all graded by the MMSE at time points of preoperation(T0 ),postoperative 1 h(T1 ),6 h(T2 ),24 h(T3 ),48 h(T4 ), 72 h(T5 ).PaCO2 of arterial blood gas were tested before pneumoperitoneum(Ta)and immediately af-ter pneumoperitoneum(Tb).Results PaCO2 at Tb was higher in each group than that at Ta(P <0.05).Patients in group A showed the highest PaCO2 at Tb while PaCO2 in group C were lowest. The MMSE scores in group C were significantly higher than those in other groups at T1-T3 (P <0.05).The values at T4 in group A were lower (P <0.05)than those in other groups.Values at T1-T4 in group A were lower than that at T0 (P <0.05).In groups B and D at T1-T3 MMSE scores were lower than those at T0 and patients in group C showed lower MMSE scores at T1 and T2 (P <0.05).Conclusion Early postoperative cognitive function can be improved by regulating intraoperative respiratory parameters properly and increasing minute volume adequately in gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Objective To explore the necessity of colonoscopy in young patients with chronic constipation.Methods Data of patients aged 18-50 underwent colonoscopy at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital with chronic constipation as the sole indication between April 2003 and May 2014 were analyzed.Endoscopic and pathologic reports were analyzed.Results During the study period,a total of 563 patients were included,who were aged 18-50 with chronic constipation as the sole indication,of which 260 patients were aged 18-35,and 303 patients were aged 36-50.No lesion was found during colonoscopy in 167 (29.7％) patients,whereas in other 396 (70.3 ％) patients positive findings were reported,including polyps in 45 patients (of which 13 were with multiple polyps),adenomas in 20(17 in distal colon,3 in proximal colon).In patients aged 18-35,3 cases of adenomas(3/260,1.2％) were found,of which 1 patient (1/260,0.4％)had advanced adenoma.In patients aged 36-50,17 cases of adenomas(17/303,5.6％) were found,of which 4 (4/303,1.3％) were advanced ones.Colorectal cancers were found in 2 patients (0.7％,2/303),both in patients aged 36-50.The detection rate for colorectal neoplasms (including adenoma and cancer) in patients with chronic constipation aged 18-35 was significantly lower than that in patients aged 36-50[1.2％(3/260) VS 6.3％(19/303),P=0.002,95％CI:0.05-0.60].Conclusion The detection rate for colorectal neoplasms in patients aged 18-35 years with chronic constipation is relatively low,and colonoscopy is not recommended for them.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the new K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine-3-methanol (4-AP-3-MeOH) on chronic spinal cord injury in rats.Methods 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided equally into 3 groups as follows:4-AP-3-MeOH treatment group (A),normal saline control group (B) and sham operation group (C).T10 segment of spinal cord compression injury was applied in group A and group B.4 weeks later,the rats in group A were daily treated by injecting 4-AP-3-MeOH 1 μmol (1000 μmol/L× 1 ml) into the veins of the tails for 4 weeks.While the same volume of saline was administrated into the group B for 4 weeks.Lamina of vertebra of T10 was cut without spinal cord injury in the sham-operation group.After modeling,the locomotor functional recovery was assessed by using Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scores and inclined plane (IP) tests,and all rats were periodical inspected by the somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) and motor evoked potential(MEP) post-operatively.Results BBB scores of group A started to increase gradually and were higher than those of group B from the 6th week,but the 2 groups at each time point in BBB scores were less than group C.Until 8 weeks after surgery,the inclined-plated angles of group A and B did not show significantly difference,but the both groups were significantly lower compared with group C.Electrophysiology study found that the amplitude of SEP and MEP in group A was higher than group B from the fourth to 8 weeks,but less than in group C.Histological examination showed that the spinal cord of rats in group C were morphologically intact with a clear demarcation between the grey and white matter.The gray matter structures of rats in group A and B were gone and a big cavity appears in the center of the spinal cord injury,with varying degrees of demyelination in the white around.In addition,statistically significant differences were found in the percentage of residual myelin at the injury epicenter between group A and group B.Conclusion With a persistent demyelination change and poor motor function in chronic spinal cord injury,daily administration of 4-AP-3-MeOH can improve the sensory and motor functions.

Objective To explore the reliability of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)to evaluate the severity of the neurologic diseases and its accuracy to predict the outcome of patients with these diseases.Metllods Four hundred and four consecutive patients with severe neurologic diseases between 2005 and 2006 were enrolled to obtain the APACHE Ⅱ scores at 0.24,48,72 h after admission to neurointensive care unit.Results The APACHE Ⅱ scores were positively associated with the outcome of the patients with severe neurologic diseases.The higher score corresponded with the higher mortality rate.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of APACHE Ⅱ to predict the outcome was 0.866(95% CI 0.824 to 0.907.P=0.000).The optimal cutoff of APACHE Ⅱ scores to predict the outcome was 17 scores with the sensitivity of 76.7%and the specificity of 78.7%.The predictive chance that was mostly associated with the outcome was 72 h after admission in logistic regression model (x2=137.345,P=0.000,correct class%=85%).The factors that were the most statistically associated with the outcome in the 14 parameters of APACHE Ⅱ were GCS score,heart rate,serum creatinine,body temperature and WBC count.Conelusion APACHE Ⅱ favorably reflects the severity of the neurologic diseases and reliably and accurately predicts the prognosis of the patients.