Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of normal parathyroid and hyperthyroidism by high frequency ultrasound.Methods Philips U22 the ACUSON SE-QUOIA 512 ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus inspections of parathyroid were used to detect 39 cases hyperthyroidism patients and 200 cases of healthy persons.Probe frequency was 5 ～ 12MHz.Record the size,number,shape,echo strength and blood supply of parathyroid were recorded.Results The display rate of high frequency ultrasound was 89.7％ for hyperparathyroidism;And the lesions gland increased,low echo,hyperechoic can co-exist and the boundary were clear;varying sizes signals of blood flow.The display rate of normal parathyroid was 79.5％,mostly often appearsed oval hyperechoic,with little or no blood flow signal.Condusion The high-frequency ultrasound at the same time both the detection of the morphology and hemodynamics,can be an effective means of diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism or parathyroid positioning in the surgical treatment to provide accurate and reliable message.

Congenital heart disease(CHD) is one of the most common birth defects,which is caused by either hereditary or environmental factors,and more commonly by the combination of both.Although CHD is known to be a polygenetic disease,its molecular pathogenesis is still poorly understood.Many genes including the transcription factors have recently been identified to be involved in the development of heart as well as in the pathogenesis of CHD.At the molecular level,this paper reviews the roles of the transcription factors of GATA4/5/6,Nkx2.5,Nkx2.7,TBX1,TBX5,and TBX20,and the interactions among them in the abnormal development of the heart.

Kisspoptin signaling plays an essential role in the onset of puberty and reproductive development.Recently studies implicate that steroid-responsive NKB,kisspeptin,NK3 R,and estrogen receptor α (ERα) coexpress in arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus of variety of mammalian species and regulate the secretion of gonadotrophic hormone.The function of neurons in the hypothalamus is to regulate the estrogen negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion.Loss of function of neurokinin B (NKB) or its receptor,the neurokinin-3 receptor produces idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.These studies demonstrate NKB and neurokinin-3 receptor as the essential elements of the human reproductive axis.

Objective To explore the curative effects and safety of α-lipoic acid combined with motilin in treatment of patients with diabetic gastroparesis and its influence on gastrointestinal dynamics and gastrointesti -nal hormone.Methods 108 patients with diabetic gastroparesis were included and they were divided into the ob -servation group and the control group according to the random indicator method , with 54 cases in each group .All patients were given routine hypoglycemic therapy .On this basis, patients in the control group were given motilin while patients in the observation group were given α-lipoic acid combined with motilin .After 14 days, the cura-tive effects, the rate of gastric emptying, oral-colonic transit time(OCTT), and gastrointestinal hormone including gastric dynamic element ( MTL ) and somatostatin ( SS ) , stomach gastrin-releasing ( GAS ) and adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the 2 groups.Results The total effective rate was 85.19% and 64.81% respectively in the observation group and the control group , and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05).Compared with those before treatment , gastric emptying rate in the 2 groups were significantly in-creased after treatment , and OCTT were significantly extended .The difference had statistical significance ( P<0.05).Compared with those before treatment , MTL and GAS in the 2 groups were significantly decreased while SS were significantly increased.The difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).The changes of MTL, SS, and GAS were more obvious in the observation group than in the control group , and the difference had statistical significance ( P<0.05 ) .The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 11.11% and it was 7.41%in the control group.The difference had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusions The cura-tive effects of α-lipoic acid combined with motilin in treatment of diabetic gastroparesis is distinct .Its mechanism may be related to improving gastrointestinal disorders , and adjusting gastrointestinal hormone .

Objective To explore the clinical effect of cassia twig tuckahoe capsule combined with mifepris-tone in the treatment of myoma of uterus,and to observe and analyze its influence on the quality of life,thus to provide basis for clinical treatment of uterine fibroids.Methods 138 patients with myoma of uterus were selected randomly. They were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,69 cases in each group.The control group received mifepristone treatment,and the observation group received cassia twig tuckahoe capsule combined with mifepristone.The treatment effect of the two groups,tumor volume change were observed,follicle generate hormone (FSH),estradiol (E2 )and luteinizing hormone (LH)generated levels before and after treatment were detected,the quality of life and adverse reaction were assessed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.75% (64 /69),which was higher than the control group [82.61% (57 /69)],the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =10.16,P <0.05 ).The tumors volume of the observation group after treatment was (13.35 ± 1.17)cm3 ,which was lower than the control group after treatment (15.64 ±1.33)cm3 ,the difference was statistically significant (t =9.04,P <0.05).FSH and LH levels of the observation group after treatment were (30.55 ±6.14)U /L and (32.02 ±7.12)U /L,which were lower than the control group after treatment[(38.27 ±6.75)U /L and (36.91 ± 5.38)U /L],the differences were statistically significant (t =9.07,7.98,all P <0.05).E2 of the observation group after treatment was (53.41 ±5.13)pmol/L,which was higher than the control group after treatment[(47.82 ± 5.19)pmol/L],the difference was statistically significant (t =8.76,P <0.05).The period and menstrual volume of the observation group after treatment were (4.62 ±0.81)d and (52.36 ±6.21)mL,which were less than the control group after treatment[(6.71 ±0.86)d and (60.75 ±6.86)d],the differences were statistically significant (t =8.61,9.29,all P <0.05).The overall quality of life,physical function,emotional function and social function of the observation group after treatment were higher than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =10.26,9.69,10.13,10.27,all P <0.05).Conclusion Cassia twig tuckahoe capsule in combination with mifepris-tone in the treatment of myoma of uterus has better clinical curative effect,which can significantly improve sex hormone levels and menstrual status,and improve the quality of life.It has high security.

Colorectal cancer( CRC) is one of the most common tumor,which has complicated pathogene-sis.it is estimated that the vast majority of CRCs is non-hereditarysporadic cancerswith no apparent evidence of an inherited component.Sporadic CRC results from the cumulative effects of multiple genetic and epigenetic al-terations caused by somatic mutations, which may be the indirect result of several environmental factors them-selves.There are at least 3 major genetic alternations that lead to colorectal carcinogenesis:(1)The chromosomal instability(CIN)pathway;(2)The microsatellite instability(MSI)pathway;(3)The cytosine-phospho-guanine ( CpG) island methylator phenotype( CIMP) pathway,while DNA methylation,modifications in histone proteins and microRNAs( miRNAs) are analyzed in the field of epigenetic alterations.This review summarizes the newest bio-molecular progression involved in CRC pathogenesis,for the purpose of improving strategy for prevention,surveil-lance,early diagnosis and therapy.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous malignant diseases inhematological system, with significant differences in morphology, immunology, genetics, molecular biology and clinical manifestations. Cytogenetics detection has become one of the main bases for the accurate diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis judgement of AML. However, the high heterogeneity at the molecular level leads to low detection rate by conventional cytogenetics detection technology. Clonal chromosome aberrations in 40 %ˉ50 % of patients with AML could not be detected by using standard chromosomal banding, which might be called normal karyotype AML (NK-AML). The common molecular genetic changes in non-M3 AML includes FLT3, NPM1, DNMT3A and IDH mutations. This paper mainly reviews the characteristics of the above four genes, pathogenesis and prognosis of non-M3 AML.

One thousand (1000) Cases of various thyroid disease using Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytology, totally 1318 times are discussed in the article. The aocuracy of results is more than 90 percent in accord with the clinical diagnoses. The repeated consistency is more than 70 percent. The accuracy of result in accordance with the pathology examination after thyroid operation is 90 percent Therefore, Thyroid Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytology is simple, less suffering for patients and higher accurate diagnostic for the evaluation of thyroid disease.

Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) is one of the common malignancies in the world. Because of its deep location and complicated surroundings, patients usually receive definitive radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradio-therapy. Early prediction has significant importance to guide physicians in making treatment decisions. Traditional im-aging techniques have obvious limitations. However, positron emission tomography (PET), as a non-invasive functional imaging, allows quantitative assessment of many biologic processes before the anatomic changes, such as proliferation, apoptosis and hypoxia. PET/CT is more and more widely used in HNC nowadays. This article reviewed the advances of clinical application of PET/CT in HNC in this paper

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the conditions of extractive microbial transformation for producing L-phenylacetylcarbi-nol(L-PAC). METHODS:HPLC was used to determine the concentration of L-PAC,which was extracted by saccharmyces cerevi-siae. Using L-PAC concentration as response value,Box-Behnken response surface design was adopted to investigate the 3 main fac-tors of benzaldehyde,Triton X-100 and glucose dose,and verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The interaction between benzaldehyde and Triton X-100 was the most significant. The optimized combination was as follows as benzaldehyde of 1.1%,Tri-ton X-100 of 0.14 g/mL,glucose of 0.028 g/mL. The average concentration in verification test of L-PAC was 28.04 mmol/L (RSD=1.35%,n=3),showing 0.11% relative error with the predicted value of 28.01 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS:Response sur-face method has optimized the conditions of extractive microbial transformation for producing L-PAC,obtained optimal combina-tion of each factor,and provided favorable reference for volume-producing L-PAC.