Congenital heart disease(CHD) is one of the most common birth defects,which is caused by either hereditary or environmental factors,and more commonly by the combination of both.Although CHD is known to be a polygenetic disease,its molecular pathogenesis is still poorly understood.Many genes including the transcription factors have recently been identified to be involved in the development of heart as well as in the pathogenesis of CHD.At the molecular level,this paper reviews the roles of the transcription factors of GATA4/5/6,Nkx2.5,Nkx2.7,TBX1,TBX5,and TBX20,and the interactions among them in the abnormal development of the heart.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of normal parathyroid and hyperthyroidism by high frequency ultrasound.Methods Philips U22 the ACUSON SE-QUOIA 512 ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus inspections of parathyroid were used to detect 39 cases hyperthyroidism patients and 200 cases of healthy persons.Probe frequency was 5 ～ 12MHz.Record the size,number,shape,echo strength and blood supply of parathyroid were recorded.Results The display rate of high frequency ultrasound was 89.7％ for hyperparathyroidism;And the lesions gland increased,low echo,hyperechoic can co-exist and the boundary were clear;varying sizes signals of blood flow.The display rate of normal parathyroid was 79.5％,mostly often appearsed oval hyperechoic,with little or no blood flow signal.Condusion The high-frequency ultrasound at the same time both the detection of the morphology and hemodynamics,can be an effective means of diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism or parathyroid positioning in the surgical treatment to provide accurate and reliable message.

Kisspoptin signaling plays an essential role in the onset of puberty and reproductive development.Recently studies implicate that steroid-responsive NKB,kisspeptin,NK3 R,and estrogen receptor α (ERα) coexpress in arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus of variety of mammalian species and regulate the secretion of gonadotrophic hormone.The function of neurons in the hypothalamus is to regulate the estrogen negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion.Loss of function of neurokinin B (NKB) or its receptor,the neurokinin-3 receptor produces idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.These studies demonstrate NKB and neurokinin-3 receptor as the essential elements of the human reproductive axis.

Objective To explore the curative effects and safety of α-lipoic acid combined with motilin in treatment of patients with diabetic gastroparesis and its influence on gastrointestinal dynamics and gastrointesti -nal hormone.Methods 108 patients with diabetic gastroparesis were included and they were divided into the ob -servation group and the control group according to the random indicator method , with 54 cases in each group .All patients were given routine hypoglycemic therapy .On this basis, patients in the control group were given motilin while patients in the observation group were given α-lipoic acid combined with motilin .After 14 days, the cura-tive effects, the rate of gastric emptying, oral-colonic transit time(OCTT), and gastrointestinal hormone including gastric dynamic element ( MTL ) and somatostatin ( SS ) , stomach gastrin-releasing ( GAS ) and adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the 2 groups.Results The total effective rate was 85.19% and 64.81% respectively in the observation group and the control group , and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05).Compared with those before treatment , gastric emptying rate in the 2 groups were significantly in-creased after treatment , and OCTT were significantly extended .The difference had statistical significance ( P<0.05).Compared with those before treatment , MTL and GAS in the 2 groups were significantly decreased while SS were significantly increased.The difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).The changes of MTL, SS, and GAS were more obvious in the observation group than in the control group , and the difference had statistical significance ( P<0.05 ) .The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 11.11% and it was 7.41%in the control group.The difference had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusions The cura-tive effects of α-lipoic acid combined with motilin in treatment of diabetic gastroparesis is distinct .Its mechanism may be related to improving gastrointestinal disorders , and adjusting gastrointestinal hormone .

Anaerobic bacteria can selectively colonize and cause oncolysis in hypoxic and necrotic areas of solid tumors. Gene-modified anaerobic bacteria is effective gene vector and has tumor targeting and antitumor capabilities,and can be used as strong and potential anti-tumor agent. Combination of anaerobic bacteria and conventional anti-tumor therapies has been a new strategy.

Severe incomplete cerebral ischemia was induced in 70 rabbits using bilateral carotid artery occIusion coupled with hemorragic hypotension. 60 minutes of ischemia was followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. The electroencephalographic activity, cardiac output and mean artery blood pressure were measured at regular intervals. The activities of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine phosphokinase(CPK) in cerebral venous blood were measured before and after the insult. The contents of water, sodium, potassium and cyclic uncleotides were determined in cerebral cortex after 60 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion respectively. The histological and ultrastructural alterations were observed. The results indicate that the acute incomplete cerebral ischemie model in the rabbit can be successfully established by hypotension plus hypoperfusion. Its characteristics are severe suppression of electroencephalographic activity, significant eIevation of LDH and CPK, an increase in the contents of water and sodium. Ischemic edema was demonstrated morphologically in cerebral cortex. During the reperfusion peroid, initially some recovery of the electroencephaiographic activity appeared but then severe suppression occurred; the severety of brain edema was exacerbated; the content of cAMP was increased further and the activities of LDH and CPK were still significantly elevated. Severe ischemic tissue damage in cerebral cortex were morphologically demonstrated, of which the ultrastructural alterations were more remarkable. These results suggested that the ischemic tissue damage might be aggravated on reperfusion. The possible mechanisms were discussed. The cerebral circulatory disturbance and parenchymal insult during reperfusion peroid might play an important role in developing the irreversible postischemic brain damage.

Colorectal cancer( CRC) is one of the most common tumor,which has complicated pathogene-sis.it is estimated that the vast majority of CRCs is non-hereditarysporadic cancerswith no apparent evidence of an inherited component.Sporadic CRC results from the cumulative effects of multiple genetic and epigenetic al-terations caused by somatic mutations, which may be the indirect result of several environmental factors them-selves.There are at least 3 major genetic alternations that lead to colorectal carcinogenesis:(1)The chromosomal instability(CIN)pathway;(2)The microsatellite instability(MSI)pathway;(3)The cytosine-phospho-guanine ( CpG) island methylator phenotype( CIMP) pathway,while DNA methylation,modifications in histone proteins and microRNAs( miRNAs) are analyzed in the field of epigenetic alterations.This review summarizes the newest bio-molecular progression involved in CRC pathogenesis,for the purpose of improving strategy for prevention,surveil-lance,early diagnosis and therapy.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of cassia twig tuckahoe capsule combined with mifepris-tone in the treatment of myoma of uterus,and to observe and analyze its influence on the quality of life,thus to provide basis for clinical treatment of uterine fibroids.Methods 138 patients with myoma of uterus were selected randomly. They were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,69 cases in each group.The control group received mifepristone treatment,and the observation group received cassia twig tuckahoe capsule combined with mifepristone.The treatment effect of the two groups,tumor volume change were observed,follicle generate hormone (FSH),estradiol (E2 )and luteinizing hormone (LH)generated levels before and after treatment were detected,the quality of life and adverse reaction were assessed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.75% (64 /69),which was higher than the control group [82.61% (57 /69)],the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =10.16,P <0.05 ).The tumors volume of the observation group after treatment was (13.35 ± 1.17)cm3 ,which was lower than the control group after treatment (15.64 ±1.33)cm3 ,the difference was statistically significant (t =9.04,P <0.05).FSH and LH levels of the observation group after treatment were (30.55 ±6.14)U /L and (32.02 ±7.12)U /L,which were lower than the control group after treatment[(38.27 ±6.75)U /L and (36.91 ± 5.38)U /L],the differences were statistically significant (t =9.07,7.98,all P <0.05).E2 of the observation group after treatment was (53.41 ±5.13)pmol/L,which was higher than the control group after treatment[(47.82 ± 5.19)pmol/L],the difference was statistically significant (t =8.76,P <0.05).The period and menstrual volume of the observation group after treatment were (4.62 ±0.81)d and (52.36 ±6.21)mL,which were less than the control group after treatment[(6.71 ±0.86)d and (60.75 ±6.86)d],the differences were statistically significant (t =8.61,9.29,all P <0.05).The overall quality of life,physical function,emotional function and social function of the observation group after treatment were higher than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =10.26,9.69,10.13,10.27,all P <0.05).Conclusion Cassia twig tuckahoe capsule in combination with mifepris-tone in the treatment of myoma of uterus has better clinical curative effect,which can significantly improve sex hormone levels and menstrual status,and improve the quality of life.It has high security.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effectiveness and feasibility of executive intervention measures on antibiotics clinical use.METHODS To analyze statistically with the data from 748 inpatients in 2003(before intervention) and 1332 cases in 2006(after intervention),both were collected randomly.RESULTS The antibiotics use rate,the pathogenic test rate,the rate of use antibiotics for therapy,the rate of use antibiotics for prophylaxis in 2003 and in 2006 were following respectively:81.81% and 76.57%,11.11% and 47.05%,28.10% and 36.56%,71.89% and 63.43%,with significant difference.CONCLUSIONS The examination regulations of the antibiotics clinical application made up by the hospital is effective and feasible.The system that examination monthly,the results opening to the hospital staff and having relationship with the receipts of doctors is effective to normalize the behavior of clinical doctors to use antibiotics.But it still needs to improve education,and examination strictly.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risks of nosocomial infection and establish an effective control of infection diseases in Department of Oncology of the Hospital.METHODS Prospective and retrospective studies on 943 hospitalized patients in Department of Oncology were carried out.RESULTS Amony them,161(17.07%) cases occurred the nosocomial infection and the total infection case-times were 224(23.75%);but,the average of the nosocomial infection during the period in our whole hospital was 4.8%.Two major infected sites were respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts;the major pathogens that caused nosocomial infection were Candida albicans,the next were Staphylococcus.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection rate could be decreased by surveying the infection risk factors and developing effective control.