To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on lipids accumulation and the progression of atherosclerosis(AS), ApoE-/- mice fed with HFD were injected i.g. with two different doses of GBE (GBE-L 50 mg/(kg·d) or GBE-H 150 mg/(kg·d)) for 9 weeks. The core targets and potential mechanisms of GBE therapy for AS were investigated using network pharmacological target prediction. Subsequently, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced THP-1 was used to investigate the effect of GBE on foam cell formation through oil red staining and Dil-oxLDL fluorescent staining. The mRNA alterations in cholesterol uptake and efflux receptors were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, the impact of GBE on the expression of PPARγ as the core target was assessed through Western blot and immunofluorescence. It was found that GBE improved serum lipid profile, reduced necrotic cores and lipid deposition in aortic root plaques, and decreased the level of inflammatory factors in serum of ApoE-/- mice. Moreover, GBE treatment reduced the level of intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibited cholesterol uptake and efflux to alleviate foam cell formation. GBE activated PPARγ to enhance ABCA1/ABCG1-induced cholesterol efflux in THP-1. These results suggest that GBE can suppress lipid accumulation and alleviate foam cell formation by activating PPARγ pathway.

Objective: To examine the reciprocal relationships of anxiety and depressive symptoms,uncertainty stress with academic buoyancy among college students, providing evidence for mental health promotion and academic resilience enhancement. Methods: A multi stage cluster random sampling method was used to selected 741 undergraduates from grade 1 to 2 of a university in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. Participants completed two waves of surveys (T1: October 2022; T2: October 2023) using the Uncertainty Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Academic Buoyancy Scale. Cross lagged models analyzed bidirectional relationships between three mental health variables and academic buoyancy, followed by latent variable modeling integrating all mental health dimensions. Results: Cross lagged model results revealed that T1 uncertainty stress negatively predicted T2 academic buoyancy ( β =-0.14), while T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 uncertainty stress ( β =-0.11); T1 depressive symptom negatively predicted T2 academic buoyancy ( β =-0.08), while T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 depressive symptom ( β =-0.09); furthermore, T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 anxiety symptom( β =-0.10) ( P <0.05). Results from the latent variable cross lagged model of psychological problems (constructed from the three mental health variables) indicated that T1 psychological problems negatively predicted T2 academic buoyancy ( β =-0.09), while T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 psychological problems ( β =-0.09) ( P <0.05). Conclusions Longitudinal bidirectional relationships exist between mental health status and academic buoyancy in college students. Better mental health facilitates higher academic buoyancy.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the research status of fire needle by analyzing its patent applications, so as to provide reference for the development of fire needle equipment and the promotion of this therapy. METHODS: By searching the incoPat global patent database, from its inception to December 29th, 2024, the patent data on fire needle was collected. The patent analysis was employed on patent application trends, geographical distribution, patent types, current legal status, applicants and inventors, overall technical composition and distribution of applicable diseases. With the help of incoPat's "shared value" evaluation model, the technical efficacy value of patent was comprehensively measured from 3 dimensions, i.e. technical stability, technological advancement and protection scope. Using SWOT analysis, the matrix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of fire needle technique was constructed, and then its development trend was analyzed systematically. RESULTS: A total of 346 patents were included, comprising 23 granted invention patents (6.65%), 219 utility model patents (63.29%), and 157 patents were in an effective state of validity (45.38%). The number of fire needle patent applications showed a growing trend since 2013 and peaked in 2021. The top 3 provinces and cities in terms of the number of applications were Guangdong, Beijing and Shandong. Existing patents focus on improving convenience, reducing complexity, enhancing safety and increasing efficiency; and are specialized in treatment of dermatological diseases. The results of patent research on fire needle show the application of updated materials, invention of equipment and expansion of applicable diseases. However, there are still some limitations such as technical complexity, high cost, lack of composite talents, lack of awareness of patent maintenance and insufficient international promotion. CONCLUSION Multiple strategies are proposed on the development of fire needle therapy, i.e. enhancing financial support and expanding the number of diseases, giving full play to regional characteristics and advantages to promote resource sharing, deepening the integration of industry, research and education to improve the quality of patents, strengthening supervision to reduce low-quality patents, and carrying out high-level research to promote technical standardization and internationalization, and enhance global competitiveness.
Patents as Topic ; Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Needles ; China

BACKGROUND: Asthma, one of the most widespread chronic respiratory diseases, has placed a considerable economic and social stress on China. This study examines the burden of asthma in China from 1990 to 2021 and forecasts future trends, providing guidance for establishing focused preventive and regulatory strategies. METHODS: Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Database 2021, the analysis of trends in asthma burden was conducted for China from 1990 to 2021. Key indicators such as incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analysed. The investigation applied the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), average annual percentage change (AAPC), and age-period-cohort model (APCM) to evaluate these trends. Furthermore, predictions for incidence and mortality in 2035 were generated using the Bayesian APCM and the Nordpred model. RESULTS: In 2021, there were 25,015,668 prevalent asthma cases in China, alongside 3,934,875 new cases and 26,233 deaths. The age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized death rate for 2021 were 364.17 (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI]: 283.22-494.1) per 100,000 population and 1.47 (95% UI: 1.15-1.79) per 100,000 population, respectively. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence were detected to be elevated in the 0-4 years age group, and the prevalence was significantly higher in the 5-9 years age group compared to other cohorts. ASR for incidence and prevalence of asthma in China were lower than that in the global average. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASR of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs demonstrated a downward trajectory, with EAPC values of -1.17, -1.57, -4.69, and -2.98, respectively. People aged 0-9 years and over 60 years experienced a disproportionately higher disease burden. Projections indicate that the ASRs for incidence will continue to rise, whereas the death will continue to decline by 2035. CONCLUSIONS Between 1990 and 2021, a general reduction in the asthma burden in China was observed. However, the burden remains particularly high among people aged 0-9 years and over 60 years, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and policies to address the ongoing challenges of asthma.
Humans ; Asthma/mortality* ; China/epidemiology* ; Global Burden of Disease ; Incidence ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Child ; Adolescent ; Female ; Prevalence ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Bayes Theorem

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of cornuside on diabetic nephropathy （DN） model mice. METHODS Male KK-Ay mice were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet for two weeks to reproduce the DN model. The successfully modeled mice were randomly grouped into model group， aminoguanidine group （positive control，100 mg/kg） and cornuside group （100 mg/kg）， and male C57BL/6J mice were included as normal group， with 6 mice in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， and normal group and model group were given a constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 8 consecutive weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， 24 h urinary protein， serum interleukin-12 （IL-12）， IL-10， blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and serum creatinine （Scr） were detected； the pathological injury， fibrotic change and glomerular microstructure of renal tissue were observed； the expressions of the receptor of advanced glycation end products （RAGE）， collagen type Ⅳ （COL-Ⅳ） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） in renal cortex were detected in each group. RESULTS Compared with normal group， the renal cortex of mice in model group showed obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrotic changes； the mesangial hyperplasia of glomerulus was serious and the basement membrane had a large number of irregular dark dense deposits； the levels of FBG and 24 h urinary protein， the serum levels of IL- 12， BUN and Scr， and the expression levels of RAGE， COL-Ⅳ and iNOS in the renal cortex were significantly increased， while the serum level of IL-10 was significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the renal pathological injuries， fibrotic changes and glomerular microstructure of mice in administration groups were improved significantly， and the above quantitative indexes were generally improved （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Cornuside has a certain protective effect on DN model mice. It can inhibit the inflammatory response， reduce urinary protein excretion， and alleviate renal fibrosis， which may be related to the inhibition of the advanced glycation end products/RAGE signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the status of respiratory pathogen detection and the clinical features in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods:A prospective, multicenter study was conducted to collect clinical data, including medical history, laboratory examinations and multiplex PCR tests of children diagnosed with MPP from 4 hospitals in China between November 15 th and December 20 th, 2023. The multiplex PCR results and clinical characteristics of MPP children in different regions were analyzed. The children were divided into severe and mild groups according to the severity of the disease. Patients in the severe group were further divided into Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) alone and Multi-pathogen co-detection groups based on whether other pathogens were detected besides MP, to analyze the influence of respiratory pathogen co-detection rate on the severity of the disease. Mann-Whitney rank sum test and Chi-square test were used to compare data between independent groups. Results:A total of 298 children, 136 males and 162 females, were enrolled in this study, including 204 children in the severe group with an onset age of 7.0 (6.0, 8.0) years, and 94 children in the mild group with an onset age of 6.5 (4.0, 7.8) years. The level of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher (10.0 (5.0, 18.0) vs. 5.0 (5.0, 7.5) mg/L, 0.6 (0.4, 1.1) vs. 0.5 (0.3, 0.6) mg/L, 337 (286, 431) vs. 314 (271, 393) U/L, Z=2.02, 2.50, 3.05, all P<0.05), and the length of hospitalization was significantly longer in the severe group compared with those in mild group (6.0 (6.0, 7.0) vs. 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) d, Z=4.37, P<0.05). The time from onset to admission in severe MPP children was significantly shorter than that in mild MPP children (6.0 (5.0, 9.5) vs. 9.0 (7.0, 13.0) d, Z=2.23, P=0.026). All patients completed the multiplex PCR test, with 142 cases (47.7%) MPP children detected with 21 pathogens including adenovirus 25 cases (8.4%), human coronavirus 23 cases (7.7%), rhinovirus 21 cases (7.0%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 21 cases (7.0%), influenza A virus 18 cases (6.0%). The pathogens with the highest detection rates in Tianjin, Shanghai, Wenzhou and Chengdu were Staphylococcus aureus at 10.7% (8/75), adenovirus at 13.0% (10/77), adenovirus at 15.3% (9/59), and both rhinovirus and Haemophilus influenzae at 11.5% (10/87) each. The multi-pathogen co-detection rate in severe MPP children was significantly higher than that in mild MPP group (52.9% (108/204) vs. 36.2% (34/94), χ2=10.62, P=0.005). Among severe MPP children, there are 89 cases in the multi-pathogen co-detection group and 73 cases in the simple MPP group. The levels of LDH, D-dimer and neutrophil counts in the multi-pathogen co-detection group were significantly higher than those in the simple MPP group (348 (284, 422) vs. 307 (270, 358) U/L, 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) vs. 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) mg/L, 4.99 (3.66, 6.89)×10 9vs. 4.06 (2.91, 5.65)×10 9/L, Z=5.17, 4.99, 6.11, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The co-detection rate of respiratory pathogens, LDH and D-dimer in children with severe MPP were higher than those with mild MPP. Among severe MPP children the stress response of children in co-detection group was more serious than that of children with simple MPP.

DRG has been applied in most hospitals.The quality management of the first page of medical records,which is directly related to DRG grouping,has become an important part of hospital management.To some extent,the quality of the first page of medical records affects the inclusion of DRG,the payment of medical treatment,and the performance assessment and evaluation of hospital.Through examples,it focuses on the quality problems of the first page of medical records and its impact on DRG payment,analyzes the reasons leading to the cases of DRG not entered in the group or in the wrong group,and puts forward countermeasures to strengthen the quality manage-ment of the first page of medical records,in order to provide theoretical support and practical reference for hospital management and DRG payment management.

DRG has been applied in most hospitals.The quality management of the first page of medical records,which is directly related to DRG grouping,has become an important part of hospital management.To some extent,the quality of the first page of medical records affects the inclusion of DRG,the payment of medical treatment,and the performance assessment and evaluation of hospital.Through examples,it focuses on the quality problems of the first page of medical records and its impact on DRG payment,analyzes the reasons leading to the cases of DRG not entered in the group or in the wrong group,and puts forward countermeasures to strengthen the quality manage-ment of the first page of medical records,in order to provide theoretical support and practical reference for hospital management and DRG payment management.

DRG has been applied in most hospitals.The quality management of the first page of medical records,which is directly related to DRG grouping,has become an important part of hospital management.To some extent,the quality of the first page of medical records affects the inclusion of DRG,the payment of medical treatment,and the performance assessment and evaluation of hospital.Through examples,it focuses on the quality problems of the first page of medical records and its impact on DRG payment,analyzes the reasons leading to the cases of DRG not entered in the group or in the wrong group,and puts forward countermeasures to strengthen the quality manage-ment of the first page of medical records,in order to provide theoretical support and practical reference for hospital management and DRG payment management.

DRG has been applied in most hospitals.The quality management of the first page of medical records,which is directly related to DRG grouping,has become an important part of hospital management.To some extent,the quality of the first page of medical records affects the inclusion of DRG,the payment of medical treatment,and the performance assessment and evaluation of hospital.Through examples,it focuses on the quality problems of the first page of medical records and its impact on DRG payment,analyzes the reasons leading to the cases of DRG not entered in the group or in the wrong group,and puts forward countermeasures to strengthen the quality manage-ment of the first page of medical records,in order to provide theoretical support and practical reference for hospital management and DRG payment management.