Objective To establish a method for the quantitative analysis of multi-component with a single-marker (QAMS) to determine the contents of four rhubarb anthraquinones inShanzha Xiaozhi capsules; To conduct methodology investigation.Methods Emodin was set as the internal reference substance, and the relative correlation factors of aloe emodin, rhein, chrysophanol to emodin were calculated and evaluated. The contents of these four anthraquinones were determined by the external standard method and QAMS, respectively. Rationality, feasibility and repeatability of the QAMS method were verified by comparing the results obtained from the two different methods. Results The QAMS method and HPLC method did not show significant difference in results.Conclusion QAMS method can be used as a quality assessment model for quantity evaluation of anthraquinones inShanzha Xiaozhi Capsules.

Objective To explore the application effect of debate teaching in food toxicology teaching.Methods Taking the chapter of mutagenic effect of exogenous chemicals in the course of food toxicology as an example,totally hygiene quarantine specialty undergraduate students from March 2015 to July 2016 in our school for the course of Grade 2014 (n=37),Grade 2013 (n=49) were selected as subjects and conducted debate teaching and traditional teaching comparison.The students of Grade 2014 took the traditional teaching method as the control group,while the students of Grade 2013 took the debate teaching method as the experimental group.After the teaching of two groups,quizzes were used.to evaluate the students' learning of this course.In addition,the students in the debate teaching group were investigated by the questionnaire of the students' satisfaction with the teaching method and the learning performance of the students in the teaching practice at the end of the quiz.T test was conducted on the test scores of two groups of students by SPSS 16.0.Results The average test score of the students in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group [(7.24 ± 0.66) vs.(6.35 ± 0.82),t=5.575,P=0.000].49 questionnaires were issued to the students in the experimental group,and 49 valid questionnaires were recovered.The majority of students believed that the debate teaching method aroused their interest in the course of learning and enhanced their abilities and qualities.Conclusions The application of debate teaching in food toxicology teaching has good effect,and it can train students' comprehensive ability.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of preconditioning with low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on oxidative stress-induced BMSC apoptosis.[Methods] In vitro separation,purification,culture,and amplification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were performed.BMSC were insulted with 0,50,100,200,300,400,500 μmol/L H2O2 and the effect of different consentration of H2O2 on BMSC was detected by Flow cytometry (FCM).And then cells were preconditioned with different consentraion of H2O2.(FCM) was used to determine the protective role of H2O2 preconditioning on BMSC apoptosis,BMSC chromatin distribution changes were observed by Hoechst33324;BMSC Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 gene changes were detected by RT-PCR.[Results] Analysis of BMSC apoptosis by flow cytometry showed that H2O2 induced BMSC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner,and pretreatment of the cells with low concentration of H2O2 prevented subsequent stimulation with high H2O2.RT-PCR results showed that preconditioning with low concentration of H2O2 reduced the BMSC Caspase-3 gene expression but increased Bcl-2 gene expression.[Conclusion] Preconditioning with low concentration of H2O2 has an adaptive role in BMSC,and its mechanism may be related to inhibit abnormal gene expression of Caspase-3 and increase the gene expression of Bcl-2.

BACKGROUNDLymphatic dissemination is the main approach of metastasis in lung cancer, and it is also an important prognostic factor. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between tumor size and lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.

METHODSA total of 240 patients diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were studied. The relationship between tumor size and lymph node metastasis was analyzed.

RESULTSLymph node metastasis rate in maximum diameter (d)≤2cm, 2cm < d≤3cm, 3cm < d≤6cm, 6cm < d≤10cm, and d > 10cm groups was 50.0%, 35.1%, 52.8%, 52.1% and 71.4%, respectively. There was no correlation between tumor size and lymph node metastasis (r=0.10, P > 0.05). Lymph node metastasis occurred more frequently in adenocarcinoma (58.8%) than that in squamous cell carcinoma (42.9%) (P < 0.05). Mediastinal lymph node metastasis was found in 7 patients (16.3%) with d≤3cm, who were all diagnosed as moderate or poor differentiation.

CONCLUSIONSLymph node metastasis is not related to tumor size. Lymph node metastasis occurs more frequently in adenocarcinoma than it does in squamous cell carcinoma. Mediastinal lymph node metastasis can be found in tumor with d≤3cm, and differentiation grade may play an important role in lymph node metastasis.