BACKGROUND: The study indicated that directed neural differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) was associated with changes in local micro-environment in injured spinal cord following cerebral ischemia, in particular neurotrophic factor induction. Group pre-test has confirmed that acupuncture can increase the expression of vadous cytokines and neurotrophic factors to promote nerve regeneration and repair.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture combined with BMSC kansplantaUon on recovery of neurological function in rats with spinal cord injury.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized controlled animal experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Cell Biology,Harbin Medical University from March 2005 to July 2006.MATERIALS: A total of 80 pure healthy Sprague Dawley rats were selected. Eight were used for the isolation and culture of BMSCs, and the remaining 72 rats were equally and randomly divided into 4 groups: blank control group, cell transplantation group, electro-acupuncture group, and combination group. KWD-80811 pulse-type apparatus was produced by the third radio factory in Jiangsu Wujin production.METHODS: In vitro isolation and culture of the third passage of BMSCs were obtained and labeled by BrdU at hour 72 before transplantation, and BMSCs at 1 ×10 11/L were harvested for usa. Rat models of spinal cord injury were established in each group.Following model establishment, BMSC suspension was injected into the injured spinal cord near the junction of the gray matter and white matter in the cell transplantation group, totally 6 × 10<'5> cells. The same volume of phosphate buffer saline was infused into rats of the blank control group by the same method. In the electro-acupuncture group, at hour 24 after the successful model establishment, Jiaji Electroacupuncture Electroacupuncture instrument treatment was performed by pulse electro-acupuncture apparatus at 3.0-4.0 mm from median line in the upper and lower end of the spinous process vertebral body adjacent to open space for 20 minutes, once a day. In the combination group, rats underwent BMSC transplantation + Jiaji electro-acupuncture treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After transplantation for 3, 7, 14 days, neurological conditions were assessed by combined behavioral scores in rats with spinal cord injury. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase expression was measured in BrdU-labeled BMSCs by immuno-double-labeling method.RESULTS: 3, 7, 14 days after injury, compared with the blank control group, significant differences in combined behavioral scores were determined in the call transplantation group, electro-acupuncture group, and combination group (P <0.05, 0.05, 0.01).The recovery of neurological function was significantly greater in the combination group than in the cell transplantation and electro-acupuncture groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between the cell transplantation group and the electro-acupunctura group (P > 0.05). Compared with blank control group, spinal cord structure was relatively complete in the cell transplantation group and electro-acupuncture group. The structure was more integrity in the combination group. Bone marrow stromal cell transplantation presented the organization BrdU-labeled cells in the lesion and the surrounding area, with obvious aggregation and survival. At day 14 following cell transplantation, positive rates of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein were respectively 7.2% and 1.5% in the call transplantation group, 7.9% and 2.1% in the combination group.CONCLUSION: The BMSCs after transplantation can survive in the host body. Electro-acupuncture could promote the differentiation of BMSCs into neural cells. Combination of electro-acupuncture and BMSC transplantation can significantly improve the motor and sensory function in rats with spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the ratio of % Micro to % Hypo in the diagnosis of three kinds of common thalassemia and iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA ) .Methods Forty‐nine cases of IDA ,24 cases of mildα‐thalassemia ,24 cases of mildβ‐thalassemia ,24 cases of silent α‐thalassemia and 120 individuals undergoing healthy physical examination were selected as the research subjects and divided into 6 groups:normal group ,IDA group ,mildα‐thalassemia group ,mildβ‐thalassemia group ,silentα‐thalassemia and mild thalassemia group(in duding mild α‐thalassemia group and mild β‐thalassemia group) .The % Micro and %Hypo were deteced in each group and their ratio was calculated .The results were performed the analysis and comparison .Results The % Micro/% Hypo ratio had statistical difference between the mild thalassemia group and IDA group ,between the mild thalasse‐mia and IDA group with the normal group(P<0 .01) .The% Micro/% Hypo ratio had no statistical difference between the silent α‐thalassemia group and normal group ,and between the mild α‐thalassemia group and mildβ‐thalassemia group (P>0 .05) .With the% Micro/% Hypo ratio of 0 .9 as the discriminant value to diagnose mild thalassemia and IDA ,its sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy for diagnosing mild thalassemia were 91 .67% ,91 .89% and 91 .72% respectively ,the sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy in diagno‐sing IDA were 91 .94% ,91 .25% and 91 .18% respectively .Conclusion The ratio of % Micro/% Hypo has good differential diagno‐sis and assisted diagnosis screening value ,but has little value for diagnosing silent α‐thalassemia .

Objective:To investigate the effect of atorvastatin preconditioning on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice and the relationship with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt) signaling pathway.Methods:Twenty-four healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-22 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), I/R group, atorvastatin preconditioning group (A group), atorvastatin plus PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (AL group). Atorvastatin 10 mg/kg was given by intragastric gavage for 3 consecutive days in A and AL groups, and in addition LY294002 0.3 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before the last administration of atorvastatin in AL group.Intestinal I/R was produced by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 45 min followed by 2 h reperfusion in anesthetized mice.The superior mesenteric artery was only isolated but not clamped in S group.The mice were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion, and small intestinal tissues were taken for determination of the pathological changes with a light microscope after HE staining and for determination of wet to dry weight ratio(W/D ratio) and expression of PI3K, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅰ (LC3Ⅰ) and LC3Ⅱ.The intestinal damage was assessed and scored according to Chiu.The ratio of LC3Ⅱ expression to LC3Ⅰ expression (LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ) was calculated. Results:Compared with S group, Chiu′s scores and W/D ratio were significantly increased, the expression of PI3K and p-Akt was down-regulated, the expression of Beclin-1 was up-regulated, and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was increased in I/R, A and AL groups ( P<0.05). Compared with I/R group, Chiu′s scores and W/D ratio were significantly decreased, the expression of PI3K and p-Akt was up-regulated, the expression of Beclin-1 was down-regulated, and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was decreased in A group ( P<0.05). Compared with A group, Chiu′s scores and W/D ratio were significantly increased, the expression of PI3K and p-Akt was down-regulated, the expression of Beclin-1 was up-regulated, and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was increased in AL group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Atorvastatin preconditioning can mitigate intestinal I/R injury in mice, and the mechanism is related to activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the level of autophagy.

Objective:To evaluate the role of nuclear factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in atorvastatin-induced reduction of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Methods:Twenty-four healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-22 g, were divide into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), intestinal I/R group (I/R group), atorvastatin group (ATV group) and atorvastatin+ Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 group (AM group). Intestinal I/R was produced by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion.In ATV and AM groups, atorvastatin 10 mg/kg was given by gavage for 3 consecutive days daily at 3 day before establishment of the model, while the equal volume of normal saline was given by gavage in S and I/R groups.Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 30 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before establishment of the model in group AM.The mice were sacrificed at 2 h of reperfusion, and intestine tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes of intestinal tissues (with a light microscope) which were scored according to Chiu, for determination of wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), for detection of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (by xanthine oxidase method and thiobarbituric acid condensation method) and for determination of the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 (by Western blot). Results:Compared with S group, the Chiu score, W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly increased, the activity of SOD was decreased, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was up-regulated in the other 3 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with the group I/R, the Chiu score, W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly decreased, the SOD activity was increased, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group ATV, and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in AM group ( P>0.05). Compared with the group ATV, the Chiu score, W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly increased, the SOD activity was decreased, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was decreased ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes were significantly aggravated in group AM. Conclusion:The mechanism by which atorvastatin reduces intestinal I/R injury is related to activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in mice.

Objective:To evaluate the role of peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in sodium butyrate-induced reduction of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Methods:Thirty-two SPF-grade healthy adult male C57BL/6J mice, aged 7-9 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), intestinal I/R group (IIR group), sodium butyrate group (NaB group) and PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 group (GW9662 group). The model of intestinal I/R was established by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by 2-h reperfusion in anesthetized animals.GW9662 2 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before ischemia in GW9662 group, and sodium butyrate 500 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before ischemia in NaB and GW9662 groups.Blood samples were obtained via cardiac puncture at 2 h of reperfusion, and the animals were then sacrificed.The intestinal tissues were removed for determination of diamine oxidase (DAO), tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α) and interleukins 6 (IL-6) concentrations in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and the expression of PPAR and NF-κB p65 (by Western blot). The damage to intestinal mucous membrane was assessed and scored according to Chiu. Results:Compared with group Sham, the Chiu′s score was significantly increased, levels of DAO, TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and intestinal tissues were increased, expression of PPARγ was down-regulated, and expression of NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in group IIR ( P<0.05). Compared with group IIR, the Chiu′s score, levels of DAO, TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and intestinal tissues were decreased, and expression of PPARγ was up-regulated in group NaB, and expression of NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in NaB and GW9662 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group NaB, the Chiu′s score, levels of DAO, TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and intestinal tissues were increased, and expression of PPARγ was down-regulated, and expression of NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in group GW9662 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which sodium butyrate reduces intestinal I/R injury may be related to activating PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibiting inflammatory responses in mice.

Objective:To preliminarily study the feasibility, safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with selective portal vein embolization (SPVE) before surgical resection in the treatment of large liver cancer.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 17 patients with large liver cancer treated with TACE combined with SPVE from January 2016 to December 2019 at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital. The study included 15 males and 2 females, aged (59.17±10.30) years. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, tumor changes and patient survival were analyzed before operation, after TACE, and after SPVE.Results:Among the 17 patients, the levels of alanine aminotransferase on the 1st and 3rd day after SPVE was significantly higher than those after TACE [191.4 (30.5-1966.4) IU/L vs 125.3 (35.7-846.2) IU/L on the first day, and 298.5 (24.6-1334.2) IU/L vs 208.6 (21.6-775.6) IU/L on the 3rd day], all P<0.05. One month after the two combined embolism, among the 6 patients with a tumor diameter of 5-10 cm, 2 patients (33.3%) had complete remission, 3 patients (50.0%) had partial remission, and 1 patients (16.6%) had stable disease. For the tumor’s longest diameter, among the 11 patients with tumors >10 cm, 1 patient had complete remission (9.1%), 4 patients had partial remission (36.4%), 5 patients had stable diseases (45.5%), and 1 patient had disease progression (9.1%). Eventually, 11 patients underwent surgical exploration. The median residual liver volume before treatment was 329.5 (284.9-365.7) ml, and after the combined procedure 415.6 (354.7-718.8) ml. The median hyperplasia ratio was 28.1% (14.1%-51.3%). Eight patients finally underwent surgical resection. There was no death in the perioperative periods. The median tumor-free survival time was 17 (7-42) months, and the median survival time was 27 (7-42) months. Conclusion:For patients with large liver cancer with insufficient remnant liver volume, preoperative TACE+ SPVE has certain value in controlling tumor progression, promoting remnant liver hyperplasia, increasing surgical resection rate and improving prognosis.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of the characteristics, functions, risk of bias and applications of home-based self-management behavior assessment tools for lung transplant patients, so as to provide references for clinical medical staff to conduct further related research.Methods:The relevant literatures were systematically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL databases. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to June 30, 2023. The scoping review method framework was used to screen the literature, extract information and standardize the report.Results:A total of 10 167 Chinese and English literatures were searched, and after deduplication and screening, 23 articles that met the criteria were finally included, involving 13 home-based self-management behavior assessment tools for lung transplant patients, including nine specific tools and four universal tools. There were eight kinds of lung transplantation patients whose reliability and validity were not verified. Of the 13 tools, those with single-dimensional assessments and single measures predominate. The level of home self-management behavior of lung transplant patients was reflected mainly through compliance, and medication management was the most frequently assessed content.Conclusions:At present, the measurement of home-based self-management behavior of lung transplant patients is mainly based on questionnaire surveys, and the evaluation tools are mostly single dimensional. The reliability and validity of most evaluation tools in the population of lung transplant patients are not yet clear, and there is a certain risk of bias. It is recommended that researchers pay attention to the reliability and validity verification report of the evaluation tool in the target population when selecting it, and integrate multiple measurement methods to reduce measurement errors.

Objective:To search, evaluate and summarize the best evidence for oral fluid intake management in adult patients with urinary calculi, providing a decision-making basis for clinical nursing.Methods:Using keywords such as urolithiasis, urinary calculi, fluid intake, water intake, fluid, etc., a systematic search was conducted in relevant domestic and international databases, guideline websites, and professional association sites for evidence related to oral fluid intake management in adult urolithiasis patients. This included clinical decisions, best practices, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and recommended practices, covering the period from January 1, 2018 to June 1, 2023. Two researchers trained in evidence-based nursing independently evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted and integrated the evidence.Results:A total of 23 articles were included, comprising two clinical decisions, one best practice, four guidelines, 13 systematic reviews, and three recommended practices. Ultimately, 18 pieces of best evidence were summarized from six aspects: the importance of fluid intake, intake volume, timing of intake, the relationship between different types of fluids and the risk of urinary calculi, intake recommendations, monitoring methods, and precautions.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for oral fluid intake management in adult patients with urinary calculi, which can provide reference for clinical nursing. When applying this evidence, it is essential to fully consider clinical circumstances and patient characteristics to reduce the recurrence rate of urinary calculi.

Objective:To construct a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease and investigate the protective effect of Bifidobacterium animalis BB69 using that model. Methods:Forty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (NC group), model group (DSS group), BB69 treatment group (BB group), mesalamine treatment group (MS group), and BB69 combined with mesalamine group (BM). Except for the NC group, the other four groups were given drinking water containing 2.3% DSS for 7 d and the corresponding intervention. The condition of mice in each group was observed.Results:Compared with the mice in the DSS group, those in the BB and MS groups showed significantly reduced disease activity index ( P<0.05), improved colon shortening and edema ( P<0.05), alleviated intestinal mucosal damage and inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased expression of intestinal tight junction protein ( P<0.05). Besides, the differentiation of Treg cells and the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines were enhanced ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Bifidobacterium animalis BB69 has a significant protective effect on mice with experimental inflammatory bowel disease.

To investigate whether human amniotic membrane (HAM) preparations have the possibility to type I hypersensitivity and its allergenicity. In systemic active allergic test model, 30 guinea pigs were equally divided into three groups. Each 10 guinea pigs were immunized with fresh HAM homogenate, albumen solution (positive control) and PBS (negative control). After the animals were stimulated with corresponding allergen, observe their reaction till dying or 3 h, then obtain blood samples, to determine blood histamine concentrations using chemical fluorometry and four hemorheologic markers by hemorheology analysis system. The guinea pigs responded to fresh HAM homogenate in almost the same manner as to PBS, and no obvious allergic reaction was observed in the animals except those in positive control group. The blood histamine concentration and four hemorheologic markers showed no significant differences between HAM and PBS (P > 0.05), both were much lower than positive control group (P < 0.01). Fresh HAM won't lead to type I hypersensitivity for lack of allergen performance.
Allergens ; immunology ; Amnion ; immunology ; Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Histamine ; blood ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; immunology ; Materials Testing