OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Tanreqing injection on the immune factors and clinical outcome in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP).METHODS:155 patients with VAP were randomly divided into trial group and control group.Serum levels of CRP,IL-6 and TNF-? were determined at 0,1,3,5 and 7 days after treatment.The chest X-ray results at 0 and 3 days after treatment were compared.The mechanical ventilation(MV)time and the successful rate of weaning from mechanical ventilation and the mortality rate were recorded.RESULTS:The serum levels of CRP,IL-6 and TNF-? in all 155 VAP patients were significantly higher than normal levels,at 5 days,serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-? in the trial group began to decrease significantly as compared with the control group(P

Objective To study the method of internal boundary parameters identification of middle ear.Method The numerical model is created using CT technology.Based on Matlab tools,the neural network for identifying internal boundary is proposed.Result The uniform pressure of 105 dB is applied at the outside of the tympanic membrane,and the harmonic analysis is calculated on the model to take the training samples.The internal condition parameters are identified using the good neural network.Conclusions The investiga-tion shows that the inverse method reveals a fast convergence and a high degree of accuracy.

Objective To analyze the airflow characteristics and investigate the relationship of the structure and the function of nasal cavity by the three?dimensional reconstruction of nasal airway of patients with structural abnormalities(nasal septum deviation)and healthy people and the estab?lishment of finite element model by computer. Methods On the basis of CT imaging of the nasal cavity in patients with structural abnormalities(na?sal septum deviation,n=20)and healthy people(n=20),three?dimensional reconstruction of nasal airway was conducted by resurfacing finite ele?ment subdivision to simulate the characteristics of airflow in nasal cavity. Results The airflow mainly went through the commodious side of the nose in patients with nasal septum deviation and the maximum fluence appeared in the middle part of meatus nasi communis. The airway pressure de?creased most significantly in the most flank?curvature part of nasal septum deviation,accounting approximately 79.65%of the total pressure. In healthy people,the bilateral airflow was affected by nasal cycle and was mainly characterized by one nasal cavity,and the maximum fluence was ob?served in the middle and the inferior part of meatus nasi communis. The airway pressure decreased most significantly in limen nasi,accounting ap?proximately 58.78%of the total pressure. Conclusion Numerical modeling of nasal cavity can be used to analyze the relationship between the nasal structural abnormalities and the airflow characteristics,which is a scientific method to analyze the association of nasal structure and function with dis?ease and can be used for pre?and post?operative individual evaluation of operative therapeutic regimen targeting at optimizing airway and altering air?flow distribution.

BACKGROUND: At present, bone remodeling biological model study usually applys finite element method combing with computer technique to simulate and predict bone quantity or bone structure. In this study the author integrate inversion method with animal experiment to establish a quantification bone remodeling biological model of in vivo bone tissue in real stress environment.OBJECTIVE: To set up a quantification biological model of bone growth and remodeling adaptation, which integrates animal experiments, parameter inversion identification of mathematical functions, and technique of computer simulation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The experiment was accomplished in Animal Experiment Center of Dalian Medical University in October 2002.MATERIALS: 60 female Sprague Dawley mice of 6-week old were used in this study. Challenger double-energy X ray bone density device was provided from DMS Company, France. Sensation l6 CT machine was provided from Germany Siemens Company.METHODS: 60 mice were randomly divided into two groups: i 5 animals were in normal control groups. 45 in experiment groups. By designing a new animal experiment, we investigate the effects of stress environments on bone growth and remodeling of rapid growing rats and gather the bone mineral density (BMD) of proximal femur in the same interval for the unknown parameters (B and K) inversion of bone growth and remodeling equation to create the femur three-dimension geometrical model based on CT images. MAIN OUTCOMING MEASURES: Body weight of animal, bone density and CT imagine of proximal femur. RESULTS: Body mass in the experiment group and control group was increased with the rat growing; BMD in the control group and overloading group was also increased with the rat growing; but BMD in the unloading group was decreased in the fifth week. Inversion and experimental data showed that parameter B was rapidly decreased as compared to time, and it was closed to zero in the 10th week. Parameter K was rapidly increased as compared to time. and it was gradually increased from the 5th to the 10th weeks, moreover, it was closed to the horizontal line after 10 weeks. This predicted that rapid growth was over, and bone reconstitution and absorption came into another balance cycle. CONCLUSION: The thought and method used in the model creating in.this paper provide clue and reference to establish human model of bone growth and remodeling.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo explore the basic characters of the airflow-field in Chinese people's nasal cavity by computational fluid dynamics.METHODSThe three-dimensional, finite-element mesh were developed from Spiral CT imaging scans of nose of the 40 healthy Chinese people. Given the following spatial boundaries of the flow field: no-slip condition was imposed at the surface of the nasal airway walls; a standard atmosphere pressure condition was established at the inlet; a velocity vector was specified at the outlet (nasopharynx), which was obtained under the condition of aspiratory flow rate (12 L/min), the full Navier-Stokes and continuity equations were solved to obtain the airflow pattern.RESULTS1. The airflow passed mainly through left or right side of the nasal airway in the whole 40 cases (left 33, right 7),and the volume of air through the main-side is (320±28) ml while non-main-side (180±45) ml. 2. Airflow velocity: airflow of anterior nostrils, internal nostrils, the middle and inferior parts of the total meatus in the main-side were (5.01±2.12) m/s, (7.00±1.75) m/s, (5.08±1.55) m/s, (4.12±1.40) m/s respectively, and those in non-main-side were (2.01±0.94) m/s, (2.40±0.34) m/s, (1.99±1.0) m/s, (2.01±0.65) m/s respectively, which differences between the both sides were of statistical significance (allP<0.05); airflow of middle meatus, inferior meatus and olfactory cleft in the main-side were (2.08±0.43) m/s, (1.60±0.95) m/s, (1.64±0.80)m/s respectively, and those in non-main-side were (1.89±0.52) m/s, (1.49±0.89) m/s, (1.50±0.75) m/s respectively, which differences were significant statistically (allP>0.05); 3. The airflow form appeared to be linear in the middle and inferior parts of the nasal cavity. 4. Velocity in maxillary sinus cavity was almost 0 m/s.CONCLUSIONThe airflow passes mainly through the middle and inferior parts of the meatus with higher velocity in laminar form and airflow of middle meatus, inferior meatus and olfactory cleft are low and the velocity were slow. Besides, airflow in maxillary sinus cavity diffuses free mainly.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo study the deposition of suspended particles in the respiratory tract during human breathing.METHODSBased on CT data, three dimensional finite element model of an anatomically accurate respiratory tract, including the nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and parts of tracheobronchial tree, is established. Numerical analysis for the deposition of suspended particles in the respiratory tract was conducted. RESULTSThe velocity and pressure distributions of airflow in the respiratory tract were obtained, as well as the particles path and their deposition law.CONCLUSION Respiratory tract plays an important role in filtering suspended particles in the air during breathing. The main deposition sites of the particles were at the front of the inferior turbinate and the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Objective To observe the effect of rhubarb enema on serum level of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods A total of 60 cases of patients with SAP in our hospital were collected from October 2014 to October 2016,and were randomly divided into the observation group and control group (30 cases in each group).Serum levels of HMGB1 were dynamically detected on the 1st,3rd and 5th day after admission.The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) was conducted.The recovery time of gastrointestinal function and time for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were observed.Results On the 1st day after admission,no statistically significant difference was found in serum level of HMGB1 between the two groups (P＞0.05).The serum level of HMGB1 in the observation group was obviously decreased on the 5th day after admission,which was lower than that in the control group,there was statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).In the observation group,the value of difference between serum level of HMGB1 on the 1st day after admission and that on the 3rd day after admission was significantly negatively related with the APACHE Ⅱ score on the 3rd day after admission(r=-0.604,P＜0.05).In the observation group,the remission time of abdominal pain and abdominal distension,first time of exhaust and defecation and time for CRRT were significantly shorter than those in the control group,there were statistically significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion Rhubarb could improvesymptoms and prognosis of patients with SAP through effectively inhibit the expression of HMGB1.

Objectives To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of combining all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic triox-ide with or without anthracyclines on the treatment of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. Methods The retrospective study included 46 children as newly diagnosed APL from January 1st, 2001 to December 31st , 2012. Efficacy and adverse effects for different induction therapies and in high and low white blood cell (WBC) count subgroups were studied. Results In the non antharcycline containing group, 2 patients died during remission induction, and in the antharcycline containing group none of the patients died. No statistical difference was observed between the antharcycline containing group and the non antharcycline containing group in complete remission, the length of time to achieve molecular complete remission and minimal residual disease quantitative analysis at the end of the induction. The mean duration of high WBC count subgroup in the anthar-cycline containing group was shortened than that of the non antharcycline containing group (P<0.05). The recovery time of the abnormal coagulation was found similar between these two groups. Conclusions The use of antharcycline in induction therapy could shorten the duration of high WBC count and reduced the WBC count peak , thus reduces the risk of early death.

The nasal cavity structure of one patient was reconstructed by the method of surface rendering based on his CT images. In a respiratory period the change of air flux in the nasal cavity was supposed based on the tidal volume and the respiratory period gained by statistical method. The digital simulation and the analysis of the airflow in the nasal cavity was made by the FEA method and the result was compared with the data from literatures. The comparison indicates that the result is confident. From the result we can observe the airflow distribution quantitatively in the nasal cavity in the period of respiration.
Adult ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nasal Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted ; Respiration ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

The effect of variation of nasal structure on airflow distribution was investigated. Based on the CT images of the nose of a healthy female, a three-dimensional nasal model was developed. Two new nasal models were produced by removing part of inferior turbinate and part of middle turbinate in the left side of the original model. The numerical simulation and analysis for airflow field in the three nasal models was conducted by the finite element method. The simulation results from new models were compared with those from the original model. The airflow rate changed in the two sides of new nasal models. The airflow distribution and the pressure grades varied in the side of nasal model where part of inferior turbinate or part of middle turbinate was removed. The variation of nasal cavity structure will result in airflow redistribution in nasal cavity. The effect of removing turbinate on the airflow distribution in nasal cavity was described quantitatively.
Airway Resistance ; physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Exhalation ; physiology ; Female ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Inhalation ; physiology ; Models, Biological ; Nasal Cavity ; diagnostic imaging ; physiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Turbinates ; surgery