Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of occupationai exposure to bloodborne pathogens among health care workers (HCWs),and evaluate prevention and treatment countermeasures.Methods Record Form for Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Among Health Care Workers was used for retrospective survey on the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens in a hospital between January 1,2013 and December 31,2015.Results A total of 246 cases of blood/body fluid occupational exposure occurred.The main occupational exposure population were nurses (n =95,38.62％);occupational exposure mainly occurred in wards(n =148,60.16％);the main mode of occupational exposure was sharp injury(n =219,89.02 ％);the main opportunity of occupational exposure of HCWs was surgical accident(n =69,28.05 ％);the main exposure source was hepatitis B virus(n =123,50.00 ％);none of HCWs developed infection after local treatment and prophylactic medication.Conclusion Medical institutions should strengthen the training for HCWs about occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens,enhance protection awareness,standardize operation procedures,and improve working environment,so as to minimize the occurrence of occupational exposure.

Objective To evaluate the effects of branched-chain amino acids-enriched early parenteral and enteral nutrition on the liver function and serum aminograms in cirrhotic rats after partial hepatectomy. Methods In this prospective randomized controlled study, 24 cirrhotic rats, induced by thioacetamide, were randomized into three groups: enteral nutrition (EN) group, EN + branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) group, and parenteral nutrition (PN) + BCAA group. After receiving partial hepatectomy, rats in all three groups were nutritionally supported with equal amount of calorie and nitrogen contents from the 1st postoperative day ( PO day 1 ) to PO day 5. On PO day 6, parameters including body weight, liver functions, prealbumin, transferring, and serum aminograms were measured or determined, and the level of liver albumin mRNA was detected by reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction and morphological examinations such as HE staining and immunohistochemical staining, which were assessed by index of Ki67 protein index. Results Body weight was significantly decreased in all three groups on PO day 6 (P ＜0.05 ). Compared with EN + BCAA group, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase after partial hepatectomy were significantly higher in PN + BCAA group (P ＜0.05 ). Serum alkaline phosphatase level was significantly higher in PN + BCAA group than in EN group ( P ＜0. 05). The level of prealbumin was significantly lower in PN + BCAA group when compared with EN group or EN +BCAA group ( both P ＜ 0. 05 ), although no such significant difference was noted in terms of transferrin ( P ＞0. 05 ). The levels of leucine and isoleucine elevated while those of tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine and tryptophan declined in PN + BCAA group or EN + BCAA group when compared with EN group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Aminograms were not significantly different between EN + BCAA group and PN + BCAA group ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Levels of total amino acid and aromatic amino acid (AAA) were significantly lower while BCAA and ratio between BCAA and AAA (BCAA/AAA) were significantly higher in PN + BCAA group or EN + BCAA group than in EN group (P ＜ 0. 05 ).Significantly lower level of albumin mRNA and index of Ki67 were observed in PN + BCAA group than in EN group or EN + BCAA group (P ＜ 0.05 ) on PO day 6. Conclusions BCAA-enriched EN or PN reverses amino acid disequilibrium and restores BCAA/AAA in cirrhotic rats after partial hepatectomy. Compared with PN, EN is superior in improving postoperative liver function, promoting protein synthesis, and speed up tissue regeneration in the postoperative liver. However, it still can not restore serum albumin in a short term.

Purpose To identify the role of tyrosine kinase receptor Axl for anti-apoptosis which was induced by cisplatin (DDP) and methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy and to analyze the relationship between P-Axl and apoptosis-related proteins in osteosarcoma.Methods Osteosarcoma cell lines MG63,143B and U2OS were used in apoptosis assays,Axl siRNA transfection,cytotoxicity assays,cell cycle analysis,etc.A total of 41 cases of osteosarcom patients were included for immunohistochemistry of EnVision two-step staining and clinico-pathological relative analysis.TUNEL assay was performed in ten cases for apoptosis detection.Results Among the osteosarcoma cell lines,Gas6/Axl could obviously protect tumor cells from apoptosis induced by DDP and MTX (P ＜ 0.05).Axl siRNA transfection enhanced cell apoptosis,whereas Gas6 prone to function upon previous knockdown by Axl siRNA.Among the 41 cases,the positive rate of P-Axl,BCL-2,and Bax was 85.4％,70.7％,and 36.6％,respectively.In contrast,the positive rate of them was 22.2％,11.1％,and 11.1％ in osteofibrous dysplasia,respectively.The expression levels of these apoptosisrelated factors were significantly higher in osteosarcoma than in osteofibrous dysplasia (P ＜ 0.05).Through clinico-pathological analysis,there were significant relationships between the survival status and BCL-2 or Bax expression (P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that BCL-2 was positively correlated to P-Axl with statistical significance (r =0.842,P ＜ 0.0001).By Cox univariate analysis,BCL-2 or Bax was correlated with the patients' prognosis.TUNEL assay also demonstrated that P-Axl high expression inhibited apoptosis in osteosarcoma tissues.Conclusion Gas6/Axl protects osteosarcoma cells from the apoptosis induced by DDP and MTX chemotherapy and inhibits apoptosis in osteosarcoma tissue,possibly through the regulation of apoptosis-related protein BCL-2.

Objective To investigate and analyze the health-promoting lifestyle and its influencing factors in patients with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT) in Shenzhen, to provide scientific basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of IGT.Methods By using the convenience sample method, a total of 90 patients who were diagnosed with IGT during medical examination in VIP&Health Center from January to June 2015 were investigated with health-promoting lifestyle profile ( HPLP) and general information profile.Results The total score of lifestyle was (133.94±22.75) points, and the average score of total items was (2.58±0.44) points; differences of HPLP score in patients with different age, educational level, marriage, occupation, income and body mass index (BMI) were significant (χ2 = 3.017,2.220,3.529, 2. 341,2.341,3.017;P<0.01).Conclusions The health-promoting lifestyle of IGT patients was in a good level, IGT patients who are <45 years old, below college degree, enterprise managers, annual income≥250, 000 yuan, BMI≥25 kg/ m2, their HPLP level was rather lower, and they should develop good exercise habits, as well as prevent and control the occurrence and development of IGT and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, in order to reduce microvascular and macrovascular complications, and enhance their overall living quality.

Objective To investigate and analyze the blood uric acid level and the detection rate of hyperuricemia (HUA) and to discuss its related risk factors. Methods From January to December 2016, physical and biochemical examination were conducted to a total of 7 585 cases with health examination, which were selected by using cluster sampling method. We analyzed the detection rate in percentage and the related factors of HUA by applying Pearson test and Logistic regression. Results Detection rate of HUA in this group was 32.76%, with 32.88% males and 32.69% females. The average blood uric acid level presented (358.98±91.11) μmol/L, of which male was (368.25±91.11) μmol/L and female was (343.13±91.12) μmol/L. Positive correlation was shown between blood uric acid levels and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein(LDL-C)(P＜ 0.05), while negative correlation was revealed between blood uric acid levels and high density lipoprotein(HDL-C)in both males and females (P＜ 0.05). The independent risk factors of HUA were high systolic blood pressure, high triglyceride and low LDL-C, and the protective factor was high HDL-C. Conclusions Hyperuricemia is often associated with high systolic pressure, hypertriglyceridemia and low LDL-C. Attention should be paid when it comes to health interventions in people with elevated serum uric acid level.

Objective To explore the application effect of traditional and gravity nasogastric feeding of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit ( NICU) .Methods Eighty preterm infants whose gestational age was less than 34 weeks and birth weight was lower than 2 000 g from August 2012 to June 2013 were chosen through the prospective randomized controlled study method and were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the hospitalization number , each with 40 cases.The control group received the traditional nasogastric feeding , and the observation group received the gravity nasogastric feeding . The time of achieving the total parenteral nutrition and hospitalization , the tolerance for feeding and the related complication were compared between two groups .Results The time of achieving the total parenteral nutrition and hospitalization in the observation group were significantly better than those of control group , and the differences were statistically significant (t=4.780, 8.846, respectively;P<0.05).The tolerance for feeding in the observation was higher than that of the control group , and the cases of apnea in the observation group were less than those of the control group , and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =3.19, 9.69, respectively;P <0.05).No differences were found in the abdominal distension, diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis between two groups (χ2 =0.11, 0.21, respectively;P>0.05).Conclusions Gravity nasogastric feeding can increase the tolerance for feeding in the preterm infants , and shorten the time of achieving the total parenteral nutrition and hospitalization in order to lay a good foundation for growth and development of preterm infants.

AIM:To examine the effects of borneol on inflammation and myocardial remodeling after myocar-dial infarction(MI)in mice,and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Eight-week-old wild-type(WT)C57BL/6 mice and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8(TRPM8)gene knockout(TRPM8-/-)mice were randomly divided into sham and MI groups,and were subsequently treated with normal saline(control group)or borneol(borneol group)via gavage.Survival curves were plotted for WT and TRPM8-/-mice with MI treated with or with-out borneol.After 28 d,cardiac function of the mice was assessed through echocardiography,and haemodynamic indexes were evaluated using a multi-channel physiological instrument.Infarct size,myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibro-sis were assessed via pathological staining.In addition,inflammatory response in the peri-infarct region was detected.RE-SULTS:The TRPM8 expression was up-regulated in the peri-infarct region of the mice with MI(P＜0.05),and borneol had no effect on TRPM8 expression(P＞0.05).Borneol increased the survival rate,reduced the infarct size,inhibited car-diac remodeling and improved cardiac function in WT mice with MI(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).However,it did not affect the survival rate,infarct size,myocardial hypertrophy,myocardial fibrosis or cardiac function in TRPM8-/-mice(P＞0.05).Furthermore,borneol reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and the expression of inflammatory cytokines,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),in WT mice(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)but not in TRPM8-/-mice(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Borneol attenuates inflammation,inhibits cardiac re-modeling and improves cardiac function in mice with MI via TRPM8.

Objective: To investigate the genetic stability of virus seed H₂M₂₀K₇ (K7) of live attenuated Hepatitis A virus H2 strain (HAV, H2 strain) for production of hepatitis A (Live) vaccine, lyophilized after continuous passages. Methods: The virus seed K7 of H2 strain was proliferated and passaged in KMB₁₇ cells in cell factories. Viruses of different passages were harvested after continuous passages. Virus RNA was extracted and the complete genomes of different virus passages (K7, K10, K11, K13, K15, K18) were sequenced by using next-generation deep sequencing. The mutation rates of different passages were compared. The infectivity titers of different virus passages of H2 strain were tested by ELISA. Results: The mutation rates of complete genomes of different passages were low after continuous passages of master virus seed. The structure of gene was stable and non-synonymous mutation rate was lower than 0.57%. The mutation rate of 5 ’non-coding regions was lower than 0.1%. There was no significant mutation in VP1/2 A and 2C virulence site. The infectious titers of H2 strains of different passages were within 7.76-8.50 lgCCID₅₀/ml. No statistically significant difference was found in this study. Conclusions The gene structure of the master virus seed, working seed and different passages of H₂M₂₀K₇ after subculture was stable and the mutation rate was low. No significant mutation was found in 5’non-coding regions, and the critical virulence sites such as VP1/2 A, 2B and 2C showed attenuated characteristics with low mutation rate. Virulence of the virus did not changed. The H2 strain maintained stable viral infectivity and genetic stability and comply with the requirements as virus seed for vaccine manufacturing.

Objective To determine the serum IgM and IgG antibody levels post-COVID-19 vaccination， and provide scientific evidence for COVID-19 antibody response after vaccination. Methods A total of 980 healthy persons were included in Kunming Third People’s Hospital from July through August， 2021， which had been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines and then tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies. Results After the COVID-19 vaccination， 469 persons （positive rate， 47.86%） were positive for anti-IgG antibody. Of them， 75 were males with （positive rate， 39.06%）， and the average IgG level was 0.618 （0.180， 2.526） AU·mL^-1［M（Q₁，Q₃）］； 394 were females （50.00%）， and the IgG level was 0.999 （0.305， 3.334） AU·mL^-1. In addition， 53 persons （5.41%） were anti-IgM antibody positive. Of them， 14 were males （positive rate， 7.29%）， and the average IgM level was 0.057 （0.026， 0.195） AU·mL^-1； 39 were females （4.95%）， and the IgM level was 0.047 （0.027， 0.110） AU·mL^-1. The positive rate of anti-IgG antibody was highest in those aged ≤30 years， which was 51.02% in male （n=25） and 55.88% in female （n=133）. The anti-IgG response differed significantly by gender （χ²=7.401， D=0.135 1， P<0.05）， whereas the anti-IgM response was not significantly different （χ²=1.656， P>0.05）. Among the age groups， anti-IgG antibody level was higher in those aged ≤30 and 51-70 years， with 158 （55.05%） and 122 （52.36%） persons， respectively； the average antibody level was 1.209 （0.426， 4.386） AU·mL^-1 and 1.074 （0.191， 7.670） AU·mL^-1， respectively. The differences in the positive rates of IgG and IgM antibodies and the levels of IgG antibodies among different age groups were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Using Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation analysis， it showed a high correlation between the IgG and IgM antibodies （r=0.836 4， H=64.82， 20.09， P<0.05）. Conclusion The Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody remains high six months post-COVID-19 vaccination， while anti-IgM antibody is low. The IgM and IgG response are higher in the young and elderly. The response differs by gender and age， demonstrating a correlation.