OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation among platelet activation, inflammatory factor changes and vascular restenosis following intravascular stent implantation.METHODS: Chinese Journal Full-Text Database and Pubmed were retrieved using search terms of intracranial arterial, stents,stenosis, elevated platelet activation, and inflammatory factors from January 1999 to June 2009. The language was restricted within Chinese and English. Simultaneously, platelet activation and inflammatory factor changes were acted as evaluation indexes. Accordingly, clinical research regarding treating intracranial artery stenosis with intravascular stent implantation was included. The animal experiment or other treatment methods were excluded.RESULTS: A total of 650 papers were obtained by initial search with computer. According to inclusion criteria, the related papers were analyzed. Platelet activation, inflammatory reaction and inflammatory factor were the focuses of research concerning restenosis following intravascular stent implantation. Platelet thrombus was the main factor to cause acute vascular occlusion, and the activated platelet aggravated the damage of endothelial cells, which induced over proliferation of smooth muscle cell. As a kind of foreign body, the stent implantation was closely associated with complication, such as formation of thrombosis, acute vascular occlusion, vasovagal reflex and immune reaction, which lead to reconstruction of vessel wall and in-stent restenosis.CONCLUSION: It is effective to cure vascular restenosis by undergoing antiplatelet therapy prior to implantation, controlling inflammatory reaction, as well as inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation following intravascular stent implantation.

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH)on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and the changes of HDL-C metabolism-related indicators such as the expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor a (PPARα)and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporterA1(ABCA1)in liver in male SD rats.Methods Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAHS)-induced CIH rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups:10％CIH-3 weeks,5％CIH-3 weeks,5％CIH-3 weeks +RH(Removal of hypoxia-3 weeks),10％CIH-3 weeks + RH(Removal of hypoxia-3 weeks),control group-3 weeks,and control group-6 weeks.Serum lipids were measured and compared.To observe and compare the liver pathology,the expression levels of PPARα and ABCA1 in liver tissue of CIH rats were detected by immunohistochemical method.Results The levels of serum TC,TG and LDL-C was significantly higher in CIH rats than in control group.The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C were significantly lower in reoxygenation groups than in CIH groups.There was no significant difference between experiment groups and correspondent control groups(all P＞0.05).Compared with control group,CIH rats had significantly lower levels of serum HDL-C;Compared with CIH groups,the levels of HDL-C were significantly higher in reoxygenation groups.There was no significant difference between experiment groups and correspondent control groups(all P＞0.05).Compared with control group,the expression of PPARα and ABCA1 of CIH group was significantly lower;Compared with CIH groups,the expression of PPARα and ABCA1 was significantly higher in reoxygenation groups;There was no significant difference in the expression of PPARα and ABCA1 between reoxygenation groups and correspondent control groups,in which the oxygen level was recovered to normal.Conclusions The serum HDL-C level was obviously decreased in OSAHS-induced CIH rats,and the decreased serum HDL-C can be effectively improved by reoxygenation intervention.OSAHS-induced CIH may lead to the dyslipidemia through PPARα-ABCA1 pathway,and reoxygenation intervention for three weeks can effectively recover the expression levels of PPARα and ABCA1 to normal levels,which suggests that if CIH is effectively intervented,the change of PPARα and ABCA1 of liver can be reversed,thereby reversing dvslipidemia.

Objective: To investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on liver injury and the expression of fractalkine in rats and explore its possible mechanism.
Methods: A CIH murine model was established to mimic the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in humans. Thirty healthy male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a 5% CIH group, a 5% CIH+RH (removal of hypoxia) group and a control group ( 10 rats in each group). The 5% CIH and 5% CIH+RH groups were exposed to CIH for 3 weeks, 8 h/d, and the frequency of hypoxia was 20 times/h. The 5% CIH+RH group was then exposed to normal gaseous environment for another 3 weeks. After the experiment, liver sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and the liver pathology was observed. The expression of fractalkine in the liver tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method.
Results: 1) Compared with the control group, the hepatic steatosis and inflammatory activities in the 5% CIH and 5% CIH+RH groups were more severe (allP<0.01 ); compared with the 5% CIH group, the hepatic steatosis and inflammatory activity in the 5% CIH+RH group were dramatically reduced (P<0.01 ). 2) Compared with the control group, the fractalkine expression in the 5%CIH and 5% CIH+RH groups was increased (bothP<0.01). The fractalkine expression in the 5% CIH+RH group was dramatically downregulated compared with that in the 5% CIH group (P<0.01).
Conclusion: CIH can induce liver injury and high fractalkine expression in rat liver tissues.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism through detecting methylation status in esophageal carcinoma and Barrett's esophagus.Methods The methylation-specific PCR was employed to detect the expressions of RASSF2 in esophageal carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues from 27 patients after surgery and Barrett's esophagus tissues from 18 patients after gastroscopic biopsy.Results The rate of RASSF2 methylation was much higher in esophageal carcinoma (66.7 ％,18/27) than that in adjacent tissues (22.2 ％,6/27) (P ＜ 0.05),and was more frequently than that in Barrett's esophagus (33.3 ％,6/18) (P ＜ 0.05).However,no significant difference of methylation status was observed between Barrett's esophagus and adjacent tissue (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The hypermethylation of RASSF2 may be the molecular mechanism in the development of esophageal carcinoma,and more samples should be used for further experiment in Barrett' s esophagus.

Objective To screen and diagnose obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in elderly males by obesity index using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves. Methods Data of 402 consecutive elderly male patients who underwent polysomnography from 2001 to 2008 were collected. The relationship between apnea hypopnea index(AHI) and obese indexes such as body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were analyzed by Pearson's correlation. ROC curves were used to determine the best cutoff values to screen and diagnose OSAHS, and their priority was compared by area under curve (AUC). A two-tailed P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS version 13.0. Results (1) AHI was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.241,P<0.001), NC(r=0.201,P<0.001), WC(r=0.210,P<0.001) and WHR(r=0. 097,P>0.05)) in elderly male patients. The area under curve (AUC) of BMI, NC, WC and WHR was 0.61, 0.58, 0.51 and 0.45 respectively, and P value was 0.001,0.060,0.840 and 0. 250 respectively. Only BMI was competent in screening and diagnosing OSAHS in elderly male adults; (2) The optimal value of BMI was 22.0 kg/m~2 in screening OSAHS with specificity 90% and rate of missed diagnosis 10%; (3) The optimal value of BMI was 29.0 kg/m~2 in diagnosing OSAHS with specificity 90% and rate of missed diagnosis 10%. Conclusions BMI more than 22.0 kg/m~2 could be the reference standard to screen OSAHS and BMI more than 29.0 kg/m~2 to diagnose OSAHS in elderly men.

Aim To observe the damages induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (BCMEC) and evaluate the protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin on hydrogen peroxide-injured BCMEC. Methods BCMEC were cultured and transferred into modified Eagle medium (MEM). The viability of cells was detected by MTT assay. Cell injury was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the extracellular medium. Flow cytometry was employed to observe the occurrence of apoptosis. Morphologic changes of cells were visualized under phase contrast and electron occurrence of apoptosis. Hydroxyethylpuerarin was shown to increase the survival rate and decrease the activity of LDH of BCMEC damaged by hydrogen peroxide. Hydroxyethylpuerarin was also found to protect BCMEC against apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion Hydrogen peroxide induces BCMEC injury either by apoptosis or through necrosis. Hydroxyethylpuerarin protects BCMEC against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in a concentration-dependent manner. Its antioxidant effects might be involved as the mechanism protection.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of implicit memory and its related factors in schizophrenic patients with negative and positive symptoms.Methods:Ninety-three schizophrenic patients (including 52 cases of negative symptoms group and 41 cases of positive symptoms group) and 30 normal controls (normal group) were tested with the method of Chinese character word completion method. The reaction time and correct rate were recorded and compared with analysis of variance and t-test, and the correlation with demographic factors was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Accuracy of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group: there were statistically significant differences in the accuracy of patients with different course of disease (≤5 years: (38±5)%, 5-15 years: (34±8)%, ≥15 years: (34±7)%, P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the accuracy of patients with different education levels(primary school: (35±6)%, junior and senior high school: (34±7)%, secondary college education and above: (39±5)%, P<0.05).The accuracy of patients with education years < 10 years ((34±7)%) was significantly lower than those with education years ≥10 years ((37±6)%, P<0.05).Reaction time results of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group : there were significant differences in reaction time of patients with different disease course(≤5 years: (3 248±971)ms, 5-15 years: (3 515±672)ms, ≥15 years: (3 925±842)ms, P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the reaction time of workers ((3 495±712)ms), farmers ((3 870±878)ms) and soldiers ((3 024±924)ms, P<0.05).The reaction time of patients with clozapine ((3 869±871)ms) was significantly higher than that of patients with olanzapine ((3 393±626)ms, P<0.05).Intergroup results of accuracy: the accuracy of normal control group ((40±5)%) was significantly higher than that of negative symptom group ((33±7)%, P<0.01).The accuracy of negative symptom group was significantly lower than that of positive symptom group ((37±6)%, P<0.01).Intergroup reaction time results: the reaction time of normal control group ((2 660±667)ms) was significantly lower than that of negative symptom group ((3 678±951)ms, P<0.01) and positive symptom group ((3 072±865)ms, P<0.05).The reaction time of negative symptom group ((3 678±951)ms)was significantly higher than that of positive symptom group( P<0.01).There was significant negative correlation between the accuracy of implicit memory and the course of disease in schizophrenia ( r=-0.22, P<0.05). Conclusion:The implicit memory of schizophrenic patients is related to the course of disease, taking drugs, and occupation.There may have differences in implicit memory between patients with negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Objective: To examine the association of hypertension onset age with diabetes, so as to provide insights into reducing the the risk of cardiovascular events. Methods: Permanent residents aged 35 to 75 years were selected through the program of early screening and comprehensive intervention for the high-risk cardiovascular disease population in Changning District and Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2016 to 2020. Demographic information, disease history, hypertension onset age, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examination and laboratory tests. The residents were divided into four groups based on the onset age of hypertension: <45, 45-<55, 55-<65 and ≥65 years old, and the residents with normal blood pressure were selected as control. The association of hypertension onset age with prediabetes and diabetes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 25 228 residents were recruited, including 8 753 males (34.70%) and 16 475 females (65.30%). The prevalence of hypertension was 43.80%. There were 1 779, 3 274, 3 781 and 2 217 cases with hypertension onset age of <45, 45-<55, 55-<65 and ≥65 years old, respectively, and 14 177 residents with normal blood pressure. The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes were 24.01% and 11.29%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, marital status and educational level, compared with the normal blood pressure group, the risk of prediabetes was higher in the hypertension onset age groups of <45 (OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.164-1.553), 45-<55 (OR=1.365, 95%CI: 1.212-1.536) and 55-<65 years old (OR=1.376, 95%CI: 1.239-1.527), and the risk of diabetes was higher in the hypertension onset age groups of <45 (OR=2.302, 95%CI: 1.906-2.775), 45-<55 (OR=2.349, 95%CI: 2.016-2.734), 55-<65 (OR=1.909, 95%CI: 1.667-2.184) and ≥65 years old (OR=1.315, 95%CI: 1.131-1.526). Conclusion There are statistically significant associations between hypertension onset age with prediabetes and diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and type II respiratory failure. METHODS: Forty patients with AECOPD and type II respiratory failure and 40 patients with stable phase chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomly assigned into study. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP, arterial blood gas, APACHE II scores, and pulmonary artery pressures were measured. The plasma level of NT-proBNP was compared between the two groups. Effect of NIPPV on NT-proBNP was studied in patients with AECOPD and type II respiratory failure. RESULTS: There were negative correlations between NT-proBNP and pH, and between NT-proBNP and PaO2 (r=-0.691,r=-0.704,respectively;P<0.001),positive correlations between NT-proBNP and PaCO2, and between NT-proBNP and APACHE II scores (r=0.774, r=0.810, respectively, P< 0.001), and positive correlation between NT-proBNP and PAP (r=0.965, P<0.001) in all patients. In patients with AECOPD and type II respiratory failure, there were negative correlations between NT-proBNP and pH,and between NT-proBNP and PaO2 (r=-0.636, r=-0.616,respectively; P<0.001); there were positive correlations between NT-proBNP and PaCO2, and between NTproBNP and APACHE II scores (r=0.545, r=0.475, respectively; P=0.001, P=0.002); and there were positive correlation between NT-proBNP and pulmonary artery pressure (r=0.833,P<0.001). The plasma levels of NT-proBNP were significantly higher in patients with AECOPD and type II respiratory failure than in control subjects [(939.60 ± 250.00) pg/mL vs (151.55 ± 111.20) pg/mL;P<0.01]. NIPPV decreased plasma levels of NT-proBNP [(229.15 ± 98.26) pg/mL vs (939.60 ± 250.00) pg/mL; P<0.01] in patients with AECOPD and type II respiratory failure, as well as improved arterial blood gas and APACHE II scores. Although NIPPV appeared to decrease pulmonary artery pressure somewhat between pre-treatment and post-treatment groups, the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.056). CONCLUSION The plasma level of NT-proBNP reflects the severity of patients with AECOPD and type II respiratory failure. NIPPV can decrease a patient's splasma level of NT-proBNP, which has clinical value for evaluating the effect of NIPPV.
Aged ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Peptide Fragments ; blood ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; methods ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; blood ; complications ; therapy ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; blood ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To compare the differences in lipid metabolism between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients at stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,to analyze the differential intestinal flora using 16S rRNA sequen-cing,and to explore the associations among intestinal flora,lipid metabolism characteristics and platinum resistance in ovarian cancer.Methods Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer at stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ through surgical pathology were selected,including a platinum-resistant group(11 cases)and a platinum-sensitive group(11 cases).The differences in lipid metabolism between the two groups were compared.The differences in gut microbiota between the two groups were investigated using fecal 16S rRNA sequencing.The association among gut microbiota,lipid metabolism characteristics,and platinum resistance in ovarian cancer was analyzed.Results Significant differ-ences were observed in lipid metabolism-related indicators[total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein choles-terol(HDL-C),non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(n-HDL),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein(B)]between the two groups,with higher levels in the platinum-resistant group.The Shannon in-dex(P=0.008 3)and Simpson index(P=0.008 2)both showed higher diversity of gut microbiota in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients compared to the platinum-sensitive group.However,based on OTUs species clus-tering and relative abundance statistics,certain bacterial abundances differed significantly between the groups.Spe-cies such as Parabacteroides,Akkermansia,Blautia,Lachnoclostridium,Fusicatenibacter,and Megamonas had sig-nificantly higher abundances in the platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer group,and Akkermansia(a lipid metabolism-related bacterial group)was the most prevalent.Conclusion The platinum-resistant group of ovarian cancer ex-hibits significantly higher levels of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota diversity compared to the platinum-sensitive group.This suggests that the increase in lipid metabolism levels and fecal microbiota diversity may be associated with the development of platinum resistance.However,certain microbial taxa are reduced in abundance in the plat-inum-resistant group,such as the distinct Akkermansia genus(a lipid metabolism-related microbial community),which may serve as one of the factors inducing platinum-resistance in ovarian cancer.