Objective To understand the comprehensive quality status of community nurses in Chongqing and seek the development strategy of community nursing education. Methods Related infor-marion was collected through questionnaire investigation in 104 community nurses from 9 community health service center and 18 community health station. Results The mastering degree of various community nursing knowledge was different among nurses with different education background and different profession-al titles (P ＜ 0.05).More than 80% nurses considered it necessary to cultivate comprehensive technique of special courses ,the ability to cope with community emergencies and self-development in their work.78.9% nurses thought they should reinforce the ability in predicting potential problems in community and solving problems by theirselves, Conclusions We need to strengthen the work belief of community nurses,perfect training conditions,optimize course contents and cultivate nurses' comprehensive ability purposely.

Object To identify the differences of chemical constituents of Dragon's Blood obtained by different extract processing. Methods The mentioned Dragon's Blood was analyzed by TLC, UV spectro photometry, and HPLC. Results The contents of dihydrochalcone in Dragon's Blood by the new extract processing were higher than that by traditional one's, while the contents of flavonoid and stibene were lower. Conclusion The heating free technology is a new technique that is an original with higher extract rate, and it is worth of spreading. It will promote the modernization of TCM.

Objective: To establish HPLC method for determination of pterostilbene in Dragon's Blood with different extraction technology. Method: Applying a C 18 phase column and acetonitrile 1% acetic acid(41∶59) as mobile phase, detecting at 319nm and quantitating with external standard method. Results: The standard curves of pterostilbene was linear in the concentration range of 10.4～104ng, r =0.9992. The average recovery was 98.28%, RSD =1.97%. The content of pterostilbene in Dragon's Blood extracted with ordinary temperature was lower than that with heating technology. Conclusion: The content of pterostilbene extracted with ordinary temperature extraction in Dragon's blood have the advantage of heating extraction.

Objective: To establish HPLC method for the determination of loureirin A and loureirin B in Sanguis Draxonis Capsules.Methods: HPLC system included C 18 reverse phase column and acetonitrile 1% acetic acid (34∶66) as mobile phase, detection at 280nm and external standard method.Results:The standard curves of loureirin A was linear in the concentration range of 98～490ng, r =0.9996.The average recovery was 97.45%, RSD was 1.82%.The standard curves of loureirin B was linear in the concentration range of 43.2～259.2, r = 0.9993 .The average recovery was 96.92%, RSD was 1.57%.The contents of loureirin A and loureirin B in Sanguis Draxonis from heating free technology were higher than traditional technology.Conclusion: This heating free technology is a new technique that is a creation with higher extract rate,this method is worth populariging.

Objective Using twins methods to explore the influence of genetic and environmental factor on Intelligence develop-ment of children and adolescent twins .Methods It was 190 pair of twins aged 6 to 18 who lived in Chongqing were recruited ,DNA were extracted from buccal mucosa and venous blood samples to identify zygosity .The intelligence was investigated by using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC) ,the intrapair correlation coefficients of twins were compared and calculate the genetic degrees .Results The total IQ of children aged 6 to 18 heritability were 0 .63 ,Verbal IQ were 0 .44 ,Performance IQ were 0 .57 .The total IQ heritability of children aged 10 to 14 and 15 to 18 years(0 .78 ,0 .79) were higher than that of those aged from 6 to 9 years(0 .018) .Conclusion This study suggested the intelligence of children aged 6 to 18 affected by genetic and environment , and the older ,the more influence of genetic on intelligence development .

Objective To explore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents using twins quantitative method. Methods One hundred fifty-six twins pairs, aged from 6 to 18, were included in the present study. The parental version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)was used to evaluate their emotional and behavioral problems. The DNA test of twin zygosity was conducted using DNA extracted from buccal mucosa or venous blood samples. The influence of genetic and environmental factors on emo-tional and behavioral problems was analyzed using structural equation modeling(SEM). Results Shared environment and special environment had impact on emotional symptoms and their contribution to the total variance of emotional symp- tom was 0.42 and 0.58, respectively. Prosocial behavior was mainly affected by shared environment and the contribution of shared environment to the total variance of prosocial behavior was 0.89. Genetic factors had greater influence on hyperac-tivity/attention deficit and the contribution of genetic factors to the total variance was 0.62. Shared environment had more influence on conduct disorder and the contribution of shared environment to total variance was 0.56. Heredity, shared envi-ronment and special environment had impact on peer problems and their contribution to the total variance was 0.24, 0.33 and 0.43, respectively. Conclusion In child and adolescent period, emotional symptoms are only affected by environ-ment, while behavior problems are affected by the combination of heredity and environment. Different behavior problems are affected by different genetic and environmental factors.

Objective To evaluate the role of α2A adrenergic receptor (α2AAR) in dexmedetomidine-induced inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)caused injury to alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells.Methods Type Ⅱ] alveolar epithelial cells of rats RLE6TN cells cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C),H/R injury group (group H/R),dexmedetomidine group (group D) and α2A AR small interfering RNA (siRNA) plus dexmedetomidine group (group α2AAR-siRNA+D).H/R was produced by exposing cells to 1％ O2-5％ CO2-94％ N2 for 24 h followed by 4-h reoxygenation.Cells were incubated for 1 h with dexmedetomidine at the final concentration of 1 nmol/L,and then H/R model was established in group D.In group α2AAR-siRNA+D,cells were transfected with 50 nmol/L α2AAR-siRNA,48 h later dexmedetomidine at the final concentration of 1 nmol/L was added,cells were incubated for 1 h,and then H/R model was established.The cell viability was measured using CCK-8 method,cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the apoptosis rate was increased,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB was up-regulated in group H/R (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group D (P＞0.05).Compared with group H/R,the cell viability was significantly increased,the apoptosis rate was decreased,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB was down-regulated in group D (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group α2AAR-siRNA+D (P＞0.05).Compared with group D,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the apoptosis rate was increased,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB was up-regulated in group α2AAR-siRNA+D (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine inhibits TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation may be related to activating α2AAR during H/R-caused injury to alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the executive function of twin children.

METHODSThe executive function of 122 twin pairs from Chongqing (aged from 6 to 18 years) were investigated with the perseverative errors of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the effects of the additive genetic factors (A), dominance genetic latent factors (D) and individual specific environmental factors (E) on the executive functions.

RESULTSThe effects of D and E on perseverative errors were 0. 77 (95%CI: 0.65-0.84) and 0.23 (95%CI: 0.16-0.35), respectively. The probability of perseverative errors showed a significant negative correlation with family functioning and with the total GHQ-12 scores of the fathers and mothers (r:-0.335, -0.335, and -0.219, respectively, P<0.01). Perseverative errors were not significantly correlated with the parenting styles and stress life events.

CONCLUSIONPerseverative errors are influenced by a common dominance genetic latent factor and individual specific environmental factors, but the role of environmental factors such as family functioning and parental health can not be ignored.

Adolescent ; Child ; Environment ; Executive Function ; Genotype ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Phenotype