Objective: To investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Xuebijing injection (血必净注射液) on tissue tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) expression and blood coagulation parameters in septic rats.Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Ninety-six healthy rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group,sham operation group,CLP model group,and Xuebijing-treated group.The two latter groups were given respectively intravenous injection of normal saline or Xuebijing injection with the dose of 4 ml/kg at 0.5,12,24,36,48 and 60 hours after the establishment of CLP model.Eight rats were sacrificed at 2,8,24,48 and 72 hours postCLP in the two latter groups.Prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),and fibrinogen(Fbg) levels were determined.Tissue TNF-? protein levels in liver and lung tissues were also measured at various intervals.Results: TNF-? protein levels in liver and lung tissues were significantly increased at 2 hours after establishment of CLP model compared with those of the normal group(both P

Acute Disease ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; Paraquat ; toxicity

Objective: To investigate the coping styles and subjective well-being of nurses in the emergency treatment room of grade A tertiary hospitals in a province of China, and to explore the relationship between coping styles and subjective well-being. Methods: In January 2016, 189 nurses in the emergency treatment room were selected from 9 grade A tertiary hospitals in a province of China by random sampling. The general data, coping styles, and subjective well-being of these nurses were analyzed using the general questionnaire, coping style questionnaire, and Campbell index of well-being scale, respectively. Results: The total score of subjective well-being of nurses in the emergency treatment room was 7.54, and the subjective well-being was significantly different between the nurses with different professional titles and between those with different education levels (F=3.46 and 3.47, both P<0.05). The score of illusion coping style differed significantly across the nurses of different ages (F=5.17, P<0.05) , the scores of self-reproach, illusion, and withdrawal coping styles differed significantly across the nurses with different nursing years (F=3.99, 5.30, and 4.97, all P<0.05) , and the score of illusion coping style differed significantly across the nurses with different education levels (F=5.09, P<0.05). Most (71.9%) of the nurses in the emergency treatment room adopted the mature coping style. Subjective well-being was positively correlated with problem-solving, help-seeking, and rationalization (r=0.232, 0.018, and 0.167, all P<0.05) and negatively correlated with withdrawal (r=-0.146, P<0.05) . Conclusion Most nurses in the emergency treatment room adopt the mature coping style. Their subjective well-being and coping style vary with different ages, nursing years, professional titles, and education levels, and the subjective well-being is relatively low.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the toxicokinetic parameters, absorption characteristics and pathomorphological damage in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract of rats poisoned with different doses of diquat (DQ). METHODS: Ninety-six healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (six rats) and low (115.5 mg/kg), medium (231.0 mg/kg) and high (346.5 mg/kg) dose DQ poisoning groups (thirty rats in each dose group), and then the poisoning groups were randomly divided into 5 subgroups according to the time after exposure (15 minutes and 1, 3, 12, 36 hours; six rats in each subgroup). All rats in the exposure groups were given a single dose of DQ by gavage. Rats in the control group was given the same amount of saline by gavage. The general condition of the rats was recorded. Blood was collected from the inner canthus of the eye at 3 time points in each subgroup, and rats were sacrificed after the third blood collection to obtain gastrointestinal specimens. DQ concentrations in plasma and tissues were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPHLC-MS), and the toxic concentration-time curves were plotted to calculate the toxicokinetic parameters; the morphological structure of the intestine was observed under light microscopy, and the villi height and crypt depth were determined and the ratio (V/C) was calculated. RESULTS: DQ was detected in the plasma of the rats in the low, medium and high dose groups 5 minutes after exposure. The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was (0.85±0.22), (0.75±0.25) and (0.25±0.00) hours, respectively. The trend of plasma DQ concentration over time was similar in the three dose groups, but the plasma DQ concentration increased again at 36 hours in the high dose group. In terms of DQ concentration in gastrointestinal tissues, the highest concentrations of DQ were found in the stomach and small intestine from 15 minutes to 1 hour and in the colon at 3 hours. By 36 hours after poisoning, the concentrations of DQ in all parts of the stomach and intestine in the low and medium dose groups had decreased to lower levels. Gastrointestinal tissue (except jejunum) DQ concentrations in the high dose group tended to increase from 12 hours. Higher doses of DQ were still detectable [gastric, duodenal, ileal and colonic DQ concentrations of 6 400.0 (1 232.5), 4 889.0 (6 070.5), 10 300.0 (3 565.0) and 1 835.0 (202.5) mg/kg respectively]. Light microscopic observation of morphological and histopathological changes in the intestine shows that acute damage to the stomach, duodenum and jejunum of rats was observed 15 minutes after each dose of DQ, pathological lesions were observed in the ileum and colon 1 hour after exposure, the most severe gastrointestinal injury occurred at 12 hours, significant reduction in villi height, significant increase in crypt depth and lowest V/C ratio in all segments of the small intestine, damage begins to diminish by 36-hour post-intoxication. At the same time, morphological and histopathological damage to the intestine of rats at all time points increased significantly with increasing doses of the toxin. CONCLUSIONS The absorption of DQ in the digestive tract is rapid, and all segments of the gastrointestinal tract may absorb DQ. The toxicokinetics of DQ-tainted rats at different times and doses have different characteristics. In terms of timing, gastrointestinal damage was seen at 15 minutes after DQ, and began to diminish at 36 hours. In terms of dose, Tmax was advanced with the increase of dose and the peak time was shorter. The damage to the digestive system of DQ is closely related to the dose and retention time of the poison exposure.
Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Diquat/toxicity* ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Intestines ; Poisons ; Rats, Wistar ; Toxicokinetics

Objective To observe the nutritional biochemical indicators of paraquat poisoning patients, analyze and compare the nutritional status of patients and understand the changing trend of each indicator. Methods A total of 104 patients with acute paraquat poisoning who were admitted to the emergency department of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2015 to December 2017 were enrolled, and divided into the cure group (patients who survived >30 days) and the death group. Nutritional biochemical indicators including serum protein (ALB, PA, TP) and serum lipids (TCh, TG, LDL) were selected for dynamic observation. The observation time points were set as follows: immediate treatment of poisoned patients (day 1 on admission), on day 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 after admission, and on day 30 after follow-up. The nutritional biochemical indicators of the two groups on day 1 and 4 were statistically analyzed and compared by t test. The nutritional status of the patients in the cure group was analyzed, and the Repeated Measures Anova was performed to understand the trend of each indicator over time. Results In the cure group, the TP level decreased from (73.34±5.75)g/L on day 1 to (51.95±6.05)g/L on day 4, t=20.34, P<0.01; and the TCh level decreased from (4.37±0.98) mmol/L on day 1 to (3.03±1.01)mmol/L on day 4, t=7.56, P<0.01. In the death group, the TP level decreased from (72.25±8.80)g/L on day 1 to (49.07±5.48)g/L on day 4, t=12.38, P<0.01, and the TCh level decreased from (4.38±0.88)mmol/L on day 1 to (2.51±1.07) mmol/L on day 4, t=7.94, P<0.01. Compared with the cure group, serum levels of ALB, TP and TCh in the death group decreased greater from day 1 to day 4 (all P<0.05). In addition, dynamic observation of the indicators in the cure group within 16 days after admission showed that, after treatment, the levels of ALB and TP recovered slowly and were still lower than normal . While the levels of PA and lipid rose rapidly after 10 days of admission. Conclusions Paraquat poisoning seriously affects the nutritional status of patients, and the serum protein levels decline significantly and can not be recovered easily. Therefore, sufficient attention should be paid to the treatment, and timely and appropriate nutritional support should be provided.

No abstract available.
China* ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Prevalence*

Objective: To establish the Wistar rat model of acute diquat poisoning and observe the pathological damage of main target organs. Methods: Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6) , including one normal saline control group and five treatment groups which were separately given single-dose of intragastric administration at the doses of 46.2 mg/kg, 77.0 mg/kg, 115.5 mg/kg, 231.0 mg/kg and 346.5 mg/kg. The pathological changes of lung, liver and kidney were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining. The optimal dose was determined according to the general situation and pathological changes. Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into five treatment groups and one normal saline control group. Treatment groups were given single-dose of intragastric administration according to the optimal dose. The rats were sacrificed at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 11th and 14th day after exposed, respectively. The activity of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) were measured by chemical colorimetry. The pathological changes of lung, liver and kidney were observed by HE and Masson staining. Results: According to 14 d survival rate, the toxic symptoms and pathological changes, 115.50 mg/kg was determined the best dose. Given single-dose of intragastric administration at the doses of 115.50 mg/kg, it was found that the serum AST and ALT activity of rats on the first and third day of exposure was significant higher than those in control group. The results of pathological examination exhibited that in 115.50 mg/kg group, the pathological changes of lung, liver and kidney began to appear on the first day of exposure, the pathological changes were the most serious on the third day, and then gradually alleviated. On the 14th day, the alveolar septum was slightly widened, with inflammatory cell infiltration, local alveolar cavity became narrow, atrophy, peripheral alveolar compensation, bronchi and alveolar septum collagen fiber proliferation; The local renal tubular epithelial cells were enlarged and necrotic; the central vein surrounding hepatic cells showed vacuolar degeneration with punctate necrosis. Conclusion The rat model of acute diquat poisoning can be successfully induced by single-dose of intragastric administration. The condition of wistar rats and the pathological damage of the main target organs could be observed during the whole course of 115.50 mg/kg administration.

Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics of qnrS-positive Escherichia coli ( E. coli) strains resistant to quinolone. Methods A total of 57 qnrS1-positive clinical isolates were collect-ed from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance ( PMQR) genes [qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qepA and oqxAB] andβ-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8 , blaCTX-M-9 , blaSHV and blaTEM ) were detected by PCR and then sequenced. Agar dilution method was used to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of the qnrS1-positive strains. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using PCR. Multilocus sequence typing ( MLST) was performed for phenotyping. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction ( ERIC-PCR) was used to evaluate the genetic sim-ilarity between those isolates. Transferability of the qnrS1 genes carried by the 57 strains was examined by conjugation test with the sodiumazide-resistant E. coli J53 as the recipient strain. Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions ( QRDR) in those strains were analyzed by PCR. Results All of the qnrS1-positive E. coli strains showed high resistance to quinolones. PMQR genes were harbored by 14 (24. 6％) isolates. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing isolates accounted for 68. 4％. Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes were found in 56 (98. 2％) strains and the most frequent point mutations were S83L (89. 5％) in gyrA gene, S80I (54. 4％) in parC gene and P415V (28. 1％) in parE gene. The qnrS1 gene was successful transferred from 13 (22. 8％) isolates to E. coli J53 by conjuga-tion. Five plasmid incompatibility groups were detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were 36 (63. 2％), 13 (22. 8％), 1 (1. 8％) and 7 (12. 3％) isolates belonging to groups A, B1, B2 and D, respectively. The 57 qnrS1-positive E. coli strains were assigned to 50 ERIC types and 39 sequence types ( ST) based on the results of ERIC-PCR and MLST. Conclusions Mutations in the QRDR in E. coli strains were associated with qnrS1 gene and might play a critical role in the dissemination of quinolone-resistant bacteria.

Objective:To investigate the role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) in ferroptosis of mouse dendritic cells (DCs) under simulated sepsis, providing evidence for improving immunosuppression in sepsis caused by wound infection.Methods:This study was an experimental research. The mouse DC line DC2.4 in the logarithmic growth phase (with passages 3-10) was used for the experiments (with each sample size of 3). The sepsis model was established by treating DCs with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS, same concentration throughout) for 0 (untreated), 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of APE1 and anti-ferroptosis proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in cells, flow cytometry was employed to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells, and live-cell imaging technology was used to measure cell lipid peroxidation levels. DCs successfully transfected with lentivirus containing APE1 short hairpin RNA sequence were divided into APE1-knockdown+phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group and APE1-knockdown+LPS group. DCs successfully transfected with empty lentivirus were divided into empty vector+PBS group and empty vector+LPS group. After stimulation with PBS or LPS and 24 h of culture, corresponding assays were conducted as above. DCs transfected with lentivirus containing APE1 overexpression RNA sequence were divided into APE1-overexpression+PBS group and APE1-overexpression+LPS group. DCs transfected with empty lentivirus were divided into empty vector+PBS group and empty vector+LPS group. After stimulation with PBS or LPS and 24 h of culture, corresponding assays were conducted as above. A total of 88 male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into corn oil+sham injury group, corn oil+cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, inhibitor+sham injury group, and inhibitor+CLP group ( n=22) according to the random number table. Mice in the two inhibitor groups were gavaged with APE1 inhibitor E3330 (1 mg/mL in concentration) at 40 mg/kg per day, while mice in the two corn oil groups were gavaged with an equal amount of corn oil daily. Two weeks later, mice in the two CLP groups underwent CLP surgery to establish a sepsis model, while mice in the two sham injury groups underwent sham injury. Sixteen mice from each group were selected to observe survival within 7 d post-surgery. At 24 h post-surgery, CD11c-positive magnetic beads were used to extract spleen DCs from the remaining six mice in each group for corresponding assays ( n=3) as above. Results:Compared with that of LPS treatment at 0 h, APE1 protein expression significantly increased in cells at 6 h of LPS treatment ( P<0.05), APE1 and GPX4 protein expressions significantly decreased at 24, 48, and 72 h of LPS treatment, SLC7A11 protein expression significantly decreased at 24 h of LPS treatment ( P<0.05), while the ROS level in cells ( P<0.05) and cell lipid peroxidation level significantly increased at 24, 48, and 72 h of LPS treatment. After 24 h of culture, the GPX4 protein expression of cells in APE1-knockdown+LPS group was significantly lower than that in APE1-knockdown+PBS group ( P<0.05), while the ROS level in cells ( P<0.05) and cell lipid peroxidation level were significantly higher than those in APE1-knockdown+PBS group and empty vector+LPS group. After 24 h of culture, APE1, SLC7A11, and GPX4 protein expressions of cells in APE1-overexpression+LPS group were significantly higher than those in empty vector+LPS group ( P<0.05), while the ROS level in cells ( P<0.05) and cell lipid peroxidation level were significantly lower than those in empty vector+LPS group. At 24 h post-surgery, APE1 and GPX4 protein expressions of mice cells in inhibitor+CLP group were significantly lower than those in inhibitor+sham injury group and corn oil+CLP group ( P<0.05); the ROS level of mice cells in corn oil+CLP group (12 693±913) was significantly higher than that in corn oil+sham injury group (4 205±805, P<0.05), while the ROS level of mice cells in inhibitor+CLP group (18 085±223) was significantly higher than that in inhibitor+sham injury group (4 381±787) and corn oil+CLP group (with P values all <0.05); the cell lipid peroxidation level of mice in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly higher than that in inhibitor+sham injury group and corn oil+CLP group. Within 7 d post-surgery, the survival ratio of mice in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly lower than that in inhibitor+sham injury group ( χ2=22.67, P<0.05). Conclusions:Under simulated sepsis, the APE1 expression in mouse DCs is decreased, and oxidative stress and ferroptosis are enhanced; knocking down the APE1 exacerbates DC ferroptosis, while APE1 overexpression effectively reduces DC ferroptosis. The inhibition of APE1 expression in DCs is closely associated with poor prognosis in sepsis.

Objective:To investigate the in-hospital diagnosis and treatment time for patients with acute ischemic stroke in Hebei Province.Methods:The data of in-hospital diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke in Hebei Province were collected and analyzed, and then compared with the NINDS recommended time. Methods The data of in-hospital diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke in Hebei Province were collected and analyzed, and then compared with the NINDS recommended time.Results:The median time in hospital diagnosis and treatment was significantly longer than the NINDS recommended time (104 min vs. 60 min, P<0.001). The median time from completing the cranial CT scan to getting the CT report differed significantly to the NINDS recommended time (30 min vs. 20 min, P<0.001). The median time from getting the CT report to obtaining treatment was 43 min, which was significantly longer than the NINDS recommended 15 min ( P<0.001). The median time of in-hospital diagnosis and treatment for emergency service system (EMS) patients was 101 min, which was shorter than that for non-EMS patients (104 min, P=0.01). The median time of in-hospital diagnosis and treatment in Tertiary Hospital was 105 min, which was significantly longer than that in Secondary Hospital 99 min, ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The in-hospital emergency treatment delay in Hebei Province was relatively serious for patients with acute ischemic stroke. The time between obtaining the head CT report to beginning thrombolytic therapy is the most important factor in hospital delay. EMS can shorten in-hospital delay for acute ischemic stroke. Compared with the tertiary hospital, the secondary hospital has shorter in-hospital delay time.