Table tennis as an exercise can meet the basic principles for mentally retarded children rehabilitation. Some empirical data showed that it is effective on varying degrees of mentally retardation. In addition, it is valuable in some other aspect, such as politics, economy, culture, and education.

With a comparison between the Non-paper Test model and the traditional one in pharmacology test, an objective analysis was made about the strengths and weaknesses of two test models. This practice shows that the paperless examination can promote teaching and help to improve the teaching quality, but need to be further improved.

Objective To envaluate the accuracy of Photoplethysmograph pulse wave in monitoring stress reaction to harmful stimulation. Methods Patients (n=75) were randomly assigned to three groups according to the dosages of fentanyl that were administrated ( 4, 5 and 6 g/kg were given to F4, F5, F6 group respectively (n=25) in each group. Heart rate (HR), Systemic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), SpO2, the skin temperature of finger, perfusion index (PI), epi?nephrine(E) and Norepinephrine (NE) were recorded at following time points:just in operation room (T1), 2 min after induc?tion (T2), at intubation (T3),1 min (T4) and 5 min (T5) after intubation. And the PPGPW was printed and measured at the same time points. Results PPGA and PI were significantly increased while E and NE were significantly decreased in T2 and T5, compared with those baseline at T1 (P < 0.05). At T3, PPGA and PI were significantly decreased while NE markedly in?creased in group F4 and F5 compared to T1. At T3, E in group F4 were remarkably increased h while E in group F5 were of no obvious changed, compared with those at T1(P<0.05). PPGA and PI increased while E and NE decreased in group F6 at T2, T3 ,T4 and T5 compared with those at T1 (P<0.05). In summary, PI was negatively correlated with plasma E and NE while PP?GA was negatively correlated with plasma E and NE .Conclusion PPGA and PI are negatively associated with intensity of stress response. And they can reflect the stress reaction during the induction period of intravenous anesthesia accurately.

Objective To study clinicopathological characteristics of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma(HNPCC)-associated endometrial carcinoma(EC).Methods Totally 421 EC patients admitted to General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 1981 to 2006 were divided into three groups:group A:sporadic EC;group B:familial aggregation of EC;group C:HNPCC-associated EC.Results HNPCC-associated EC accounted for 6.4%(27/421).Mean age at time of diagnosis was 49.7years in group C,earlier than 56.3 years in group A(P=0.004)and 55.2 years in group B(P=0.035).There were 33.3%(9/27)patients with multiple primary carcinomas in group C.It was higher than 14.3%(9/63)in group B and 5.1%(17/331)in group A respectively(P=0.038,P＜0.01).There was no difference among the three groups in histological type or menopausal status(P＞0.05).The numbers of patients with low grade EC in group C(70.4%,19/27)and group B(61.3%,38/62)were more than that in Group A(P=0.013,P=0.023).Prognosis for group C was better than that in group A(P=0.021),and 5-and 10-year survival rate in groups A,B and C was 80%,70%;88%,85%;and 96%,96%respectively.Conclusions Mean age at time of diagnosis is earlier in HNPCC-associated EC than that in sporadic EC;patients with HNPCC-associated EC are more frequently complicated with multiple primary carcinomas and of low grade;prognosis is better.

Objective To compare the safety and effectiveness of three types of intrauterine device (IUD) inserted immediately after artificial abortion.Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 4 family planning service stations in Pudong New Area from January to December 2012.Total 1 200 eligible women were randomly assigned to receive three types of IUD:MYCu,TCu380A or G-Cu200 (n =400 in each group) immediately after vacuum aspiration.All subjects were followed up for 12 months.The cumulative rates of termination of three IUD after 12 months were analyzed with WHO LTA 2.0 life table.Results Total 1 199 subjects were followed up for 12 months with a drop-out rate of 0.08％ (1/1 200).No any uterine perforation was found.During the 12 months the pregnancy rates with IUD in situ in MYCu,TCu380A and G-Cu200 groups were 0.26/100 women year,0 and 0.52/100 women year,respectively (x2 =1.951,P ≥ 0.2).The rates of expulsion in three groups were 0.26/100 women year,1.84/100 women year and 2.05/100 women year,respectively(x2 =5.539,P =0.066).The remove rates related to bleeding and paining in three groups were 1.26/100 women year,7.29/100 women year and 2.76/100 women year,respectively (x2 =21.625,P =0.001).The discontinuation rates related to IUD use in there groups were 3.25/100 women year,9.00/100 women year and 5.50/100 women year,respectively(x2 =12.191,P =0.004).The rates of Abnormal position in three groups were 1.51/100 women year,0 and 0.26/100 women year,respectively (x2 =8.649,P =0.014).Conclusion Three IUDs inserted immediately after vacuum aspiration are all effective.Among three IUDs,MYCu shows lower expulsion rate,lower discontinuation rate related to IUD use and higher continuous rate; but the abnormal position rate of MYCu is higher than other two types IUD.

Aim To explore clinicalpathological features and the pathogenesis of lymphocytic mastitis, an uncommon breast benign disease. Methods The clinical pathological characteristics of 7 patients with lymphocytic mastitis were studied retrospectively. All cases were evaluated by using paraffin-embedded sections and by immunohistochemical staining with mouse anti-CD20, -CD45RO, and -CD68 antibodies. T and B lymphocytes infiltrated in the lobules of mammary gland were quantitatively analyzed according to stereoscope. The glucose regulation protein 94 (grp 94)/glycoprotein 96(gp 96), a member of heat shock protein family was also investigated in these cases by using immunohistochemical staining. Results It was showed that 4 cases were women suffering from insulin dependent diabetic mellitus (IDDM). One case was a woman without diabetic history. The history of the other two cases was not clear. The histopathological features of all 7 cases were lobulitis, perilobulitis and catheter ductitis with infiltration of lymphocytes accompanied with atrophy of lobule in mammary glands and homologous fibrosis of stroma. The result of immunohistochemical staining showed that most of infiltrated lymphocytes were B lymphocytes, while the small proportion of the cells were T lymphocytes, and the difference was significant(P〈 0.01). There was the expression of grp 94 in the cytoplasm of epithelium cells of lobules and ducts in normal mammary glands. A proportion of lymphocytes infiltrated in lobules and perilobules expressed grp 94. Some infiltrated cells expressed CD68. Conclusion A portion of lymphocytic mastitis is related closely to insulin dependent diabetic mellitus. Both humoral immunity and cellular immunity are probably involved in the pathogenesis of lymphocytic mastitis. Because of its unique pathologic and clinical features, lymphocytic mastitis should be defined as an independent mastitis and distinguished from other chronic inflammatory and fibrosing conditions in breast.

We analyzed genetic evolution characteristics of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus isolated in Zhaoqing,China,2014-2016.Nucleic acid were extracted and sequenced from 17 samples of H7N9 positive cases in Zhaoqing.Genetic characteristics of homology and important amino acid sites were analyzed by using BioEdit5.0 and MEGA6.0.The evolutionary trees were constructed by Neighbor-Joining and the referenced sequences were downloaded from GenBank,Eight nucleic acid fragments from 7 strains of H7N9 viruses were successfully generated.The highest homology was found in HA gene with A/chicken/Dongguan/695/2014(H7N9),and NA gene with A/chicken/Dongguan/1075/2014(H7N9).The internal genes were high homology with avian H7N9 and H9N2 virus from Dongguan and Shenzhen in Guangdong,China.The HA and NA genes were directly evolved in the Pearl River Delta evolution branch with the H7N9 sequences from the cities of Dongguan,Guangzhou and Shenzhen,while the sequences from the provinces of Anhui,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu were in the Yangtze River Delta evolution branch.There were 2 alkaline amino acids in cleavage site of HA,2 mutations (G186V and Q226L) in the crucial sites related with the receptor of HA protein,1 mutation (E627K) in PB2 protein,and 1 drug resistance mutation (S31N) in M2 protein.And no evidence of neuraminidase resistance in NA protein was found.In conclusion,the H7N9 virus for human infection in Zhaoqing may originate from avian H7N9 and H9N2 viruses,which circulated in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong from 2013 to 2014.The mutations of G186V,Q226L and E627 K might be related with high susceptibility to human beings.

Background and objective To study the clinicopathoiogical characteristics of Lynch syn＆ome-associated endometrial carcinoma in China.Methods Twenty-seven patients who fulfilled the Amsterdam Criteria Ⅱ were classified as having Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma (Group A), and 331 patients without a family history of cancer were classified as having sporadic endometrial carcinoma (Group B).Results There were 81 malignancies in 27 Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma families, including colorectal cancer (CRC, 24.7%), endometrial carcinoma (21.0%), liver (12.3%), stomach (9.9%), lung (6.2%), and breast (6.2%) cancers. Mean age at time of diagnosis was 49.7 years in Group A and 56.3 years in Group B (P=0.004). Second primary cancers occurred in 33.3% of patients in Group A and 5.1% in Group B (P<0.0001). "Ihe most common second primary cancers were colorectal cancer (44%) and ovarian cancer (22%). The percentage of obese patients was higher in Group A (P=0.013). There was no difference between the two groups in incidence of diabetes mellitns or hypertension or in histological type and FIGO stage. The 5-year survival rates for Group A and B were 96.2% and 79.6%, respectively. Prognosis for Group A was better than for Group B (P=0.045).Conclusion Some clinicopathologicai features of Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma, such as early onset and multiple primary carcinomas, are similar in the Chinese and American/European populations. However, the Chinese population had a unique family cancer distribution that included lung and breast cancers. An increased number of grade 1 endometrioid tumors and a better prognosis imply better biobehavior in Chinese Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma. Obesity may be a co-contributing factor for development of Lynch syndrome associated endometrial cancer in China.

Objective To explore the related factors of troublemaking risk in schizophrenia patients. Methods Investigation and analysis on demology,insight,treatment attitude and social function defects were conducted among 110 patients with schizophrenia and their families by general information scale,insight and treatment attitude questionnaire (ITAQ) and social disability screening schedule (SDSS).Results The score of troublemaking was (0.49±1.03),the score of social function defect was (11.94±3.92),and the score of insight and treatment attitude was (12.84±5.93). The risk of troublemaking in patients with schizophrenia less than one year was significantly lower than the risk of troublemaking in patients with schizophrenia more than one year,and the higher of the score of social function defect,the higher of the risk of patients′ troublemaking. Conclusions As for the prevention of troublemaking in patients with schizophrenia,we should pay attention to two aspects:giving more attention to patients with schizophrenia more than one year,and improving patients′ social function,in order to reduce the risk of troublemaking.

Objective To investigate the relationship between iodine nutritional status and thyroid hormone levels,and to provide a guideline for monitoring iodine nutrition and thyroid function.Methods A crosssectional survey was performed by randomly selecting 341 samples (health pregnant women with a first child) from the Second People's Hospital of Guiyang,Bihai Community Medical Center and Jinhuayuan Community Center from October 2015 to September 2016.Levels of serum hormones and antibodies relative to throid of pregnant women in Guanshan Lake District of Guiyang at different pregnant times,which included throid stimulating hormone (TSH),free three triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb),and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb),were measured by the electrochemical luminescence method,and urinary iodine levels were measured by heat digestion.Results The median urinary iodine of pregnant women at early,middle and late stages (T1,T2 and T3 stages) were 191.8,198.9 and 214.5 μg/L,respectively.FT3 increased first and then decreased during pregnancy.Levels of FT3 in the T2 stage were significandy higher than those in T1 and T3 stages (FT3 medians at the three stages were 4.49,4.83 and 4.57 pmol/L),and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).FT4 levels decreased during pregnancy (FT4 medians at the three stages were 16.32,14.65 and 13.22 pmol/L),and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (H =67.517,P ＜ 0.01).Statistically significant differences were not found in the TSH levels among the three groups ~SH medians at the three stages were 2.05,2.01 and 2.39 mU/L,H =1.297,P ＞ 0.05).The medians of TPOAb and TgAb during T2 stage (9.60 and 19.02 U/ml) were significantly lower than those of other groups (18.92 and 24.75 U/ml at stage T1,and 13.46 and 22.06 U/ml at stage T3),and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).TSH levels were consistent with urinary iodine levels.TSH levels in the excessive iodine group (urine iodine:250 ～ 499 μg/L,2.54 mU/L) were significantly higher than those in the adequate iodine group (urine iodine:150 ～ 249 μg/L,1.97 mU/L) and deficient iodine group (urine iodine:＜ 150 μg/L,1.91 mU/L),and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).No correlations were found between levels of FT3,FT4,TPOAb,TgAb and levels of the urinary iodine.There was a significant positive correlation between urinary iodine levels and TSH levels (rs =0.180,P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of abnormal thyroid function in pregnant women was 29.33％ (100/341),which was composed of clinical hypothyroidism (accounting for 0.88％,3/341),subclinical hypothyroidism (accounting for 25.51％,87/341),low T4 level (accounting for 1.76％,6/341),clinical hyperthyroidism (accounting for 0.59％,2/341),subclinical hyperthyroidism (accounting for 0.59％,2/341),and TPOAb positive and TgAb positive (accounting for 12.61％,43/341).These abnormalities occurred mainly in the T1 and T3 stages.The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism increased with increasing of urinary iodine level,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =11.269,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is a positive correlation between pregnancy iodine nutritional status and its TSH level,so it is important to monitor the level of urinary iodine during pregnancy and to screen the thyroid function and antibodies in the early and middle time of pregnancy.