OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the utilization information of drug combination in tuberculosis control item in Shaoguan and the economics effect.METHODS:The defined daily dose(DDD)and drug utilization index(DUI)were taken as indexes for the evaluation of rational use of drugs,the utilization of chemotherapy drugs of the tuberculosis control item in Shaoguan urban field from1993to2003was analyzed;the cost-effectiveness of scheme B(tuberculosis control item chemotherapy)and scheme A(conventional chemotherapy)were analyzed.RESULTS:DUI for all of the drug combinations except B4were no more than1(DUI≤1),The cure rate(E 1 )and the effect rate(E 2 )for scheme B were96.5%and98.8%respectively;E 1 and E 2 in scheme A were65.7%and79.5%respectively.The cost-effectiveness ratio of scheme B was lower than that of scheme A.The cost-effectiveness ratio(C/E 1 )for the two schemes were8.59and25.31respectively if counted by cure rate and which(C/E 2 )were8.39and20.92respectively if counted by effect rate(E2).CONCLUSION:The utilization of tuberculosis control item drug combinations in Shaoguan city is comparatively reasonable and the economic effect is good.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization and the economic value of the medicare drugs in our hospital. METHODS: The utilization of the medicare drugs in our hospital from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed statistically by sequencing drug consumption sum and DDDs. RESULTS: The consumption of medicare drugs represented 81.9% of the total drugs used in the clinic in our hospital. Both DDDs and consumption sum increased year on year. CONCLUSION: The utilization of medicare drugs was rational with good economic value, yet the application of new drugs was still on the high side in spite of their high prices.

0.05)was found in the 2 groups.The costs of the 2 groups were 3270.84 yuan and 10 873.20 yuan respectively,and the cost-effectiveness rates were 37.38 and 117.55 respectively.Conclusion:Scheme A is an effective,safe and economical scheme in the treatment of CHB.

With a comparison between the Non-paper Test model and the traditional one in pharmacology test, an objective analysis was made about the strengths and weaknesses of two test models. This practice shows that the paperless examination can promote teaching and help to improve the teaching quality, but need to be further improved.

【Objective】To evaluate the impact of stent implantation on proliferation and apoptosis in media vascular smooth muscle cells and to explore the mechanism of restenosis after stent implantation.【Methods】Fifty male New Zealand rabbits were randomized into balloon group and stent group.Control group were set up.The materials were harvested on 3,7,14,28 and 56 day after operation and the following investigation were carried out.① Assessing the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cyclin E of media smooth muscle cells with immunohistochemistry;② Analyzing apoptosis of media smooth muscle cells by TUNEL technique.【Results】The expressions of PCNA,Cyclin E and apoptosis in stent and balloon groups were markedly increased compared to control groups.① Stent group induced significant increased expression of PCNA and Cyclin E in the media smooth muscle cells compared to balloon group.On day 7,the positive rates of PCNA and Cyclin E were 24.36±0.55% vs 18.74±1.09% (P<0.01) and 22.65±1.00% vs 17.68±1.10% (P<0.01) respectively;② Stent group induced much more significant apoptosis than balloon group.The highest rate of apoptosis appeared on day 7:12.46±1.13% vs 5.54±0.53% (P<0.01);③By calculating the ratio of positive rates of PCNA to apoptosis and Cyclin E to apoptosis respectively,the ratio of balloongroup was higher than that of stent group.【Conclusion】Stent group induces augmented proliferation and much more significant apoptosis of media smooth muscle cells compared to balloon group.It shows that the severity of restenosis is relieved after stent implantation.

Objective To study their chemical components of Eclipta prostrata and identify their chemical structures. Methods The compounds were isolated by chromatography, purified by Sephadex LH-20 gel, identified by spectral analyses, and compared with the published data. Results Ten compounds were isolated and identified as 2, 2', 5″, 2″-terthiophene-5-carboxylic acid (Ⅰ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅱ), apigenin (Ⅲ), quercetin (Ⅳ), luteolin (Ⅴ), wedelolactone (Ⅵ), demethyl wedelolactone (Ⅶ), ecliptasaponin C (Ⅷ), luteoloside (Ⅸ), and linarin (Ⅹ). Conclusion Compound Ⅰ is a new compound from nature and compound Ⅹ is obtained from E. prostrata for the first time.

AIM: To observe effect of ? radioactive [103Pd] stent on the proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, the mechanism of radioactive stent preventing in-stent restenosis was explored. METHODS: Fifty male New Zealand rabbits were randomized into stent group and [103Pd] stent group. Control group was set up. The materials were harvested on 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 days after operation and the following investigation were carried out, including pathomorphology, immunohistochemistry, apoptosis (TUNEL) and in situ hybridization studies.RESULTS: ① The severity of the stenosis in [103Pd] stent group was less severe than that in stent group. It was most obvious on 56 th day (P

BACKGROUND:Erythromycin spreads widely in the body with a short period of effective concentrations and has a lot of adverse effects.Therefore,it is necessary to make erythromycin as targeted medicine.OBJECTIVE:To optimize the preparation conditions of erythromycin gelatin microspheres.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:An orthogonal controlled test was performed in the Department of Pharmacy,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from June to December in 2005.MATERIALS:Erythromycin and gelatin.METHODS:According to the emulsion principle,erythromycin dispersed in the gelatin solution.In the process of preparing microspheres,the gelatin solution and oil should form W/O emulsion and then it turned into spheres by solidification.The formation and quality of microspheres were influenced by four factors,namely the concentration of gelatin,dosage of emulsifier,the solidification time and the speed of mixing.The arithmetic mean diameter of microspheres,the drug loading efficiency and the encapsulation efficiency were targets for the survey in this study on the basis of pretests.The best preparation conditions were optimized in accordance with the results of L9 (34) orthogonal tests.The optimized preparation conditions were obtained according to the results of orthogonal tests.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The mean diameter of microspheres,the drug loading efficiency,the encapsulation efficiency,and the orthogonal tests were examined.RESULTS:The optimized preparation conditions of erythromycin gelatin microspheres included 15% gelatin,3.0 mL emulsifier,0.5 hour solidification and mixing at 1 000 r/rain.The erythromycin gelatin microspheres were regular in their morphology.Drug was enveloped in microspheres.The average particle size was (14.15±0.20) μm;the drug loading efficiency and the encapsulation efficiency were (5.83±0.38)% and (65.70±0.56)%,respectively.Over 90.16% of the microspheres was in the range of 7-25 μm;The reappearance of pharmaceutical technology was good.CONCLUSION:The optimized preparation conditions of erythromycin gelatin microspheres are obtained using L9 (34)orthogonal tests.The microspheres prepared meet the requirement of the size for lung targeting.

AIM: To evaluate expression of the components of endothelin system in pulmonary tissue in a canine pacing-induced congestive heart failure model. METHODS: Twenty-one dogs were divided into 3 groups received 2 (pacing 2 group) or 4 weeks (pacing 4 group) rapid right ventricular pacing, respectively, whereas the other group consisted of 7 dogs received sham-operation as control group. Haemodynamic parameters were detected via left and right heart catheterization. Plasma endothelin-1 was determined by means of RIA. In addition, RT-PCR was used to quantify expression of mRNA of components of endothelin system using ?-actin as internal control. One-way ANOVA and linear regression analysis were used for statistical study. RESULTS:Plasma endothelin-1 increased significantly in heart failure animals. The ratio of preproET-1 to ? actin mRNA was significantly increased from 0.14?0.06 in control group to 0.35?0.08 in pacing 2 group and 0.53?0.08 in pacing 4 group ( P