Epidemiology,as a major subject in the field of public health science,plays a pivotal role in the construction and development of disease prevention and control system.It is also vital for the public health system to improve the emergency response ability and to cultivate high-quality talents.After analyzing current situation of graduate education of epidemiology,we found some problems.In our research,deepgoing dissection was carried out and possible solution was provided.

We analyzed genetic evolution characteristics of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus isolated in Zhaoqing,China,2014-2016.Nucleic acid were extracted and sequenced from 17 samples of H7N9 positive cases in Zhaoqing.Genetic characteristics of homology and important amino acid sites were analyzed by using BioEdit5.0 and MEGA6.0.The evolutionary trees were constructed by Neighbor-Joining and the referenced sequences were downloaded from GenBank,Eight nucleic acid fragments from 7 strains of H7N9 viruses were successfully generated.The highest homology was found in HA gene with A/chicken/Dongguan/695/2014(H7N9),and NA gene with A/chicken/Dongguan/1075/2014(H7N9).The internal genes were high homology with avian H7N9 and H9N2 virus from Dongguan and Shenzhen in Guangdong,China.The HA and NA genes were directly evolved in the Pearl River Delta evolution branch with the H7N9 sequences from the cities of Dongguan,Guangzhou and Shenzhen,while the sequences from the provinces of Anhui,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu were in the Yangtze River Delta evolution branch.There were 2 alkaline amino acids in cleavage site of HA,2 mutations (G186V and Q226L) in the crucial sites related with the receptor of HA protein,1 mutation (E627K) in PB2 protein,and 1 drug resistance mutation (S31N) in M2 protein.And no evidence of neuraminidase resistance in NA protein was found.In conclusion,the H7N9 virus for human infection in Zhaoqing may originate from avian H7N9 and H9N2 viruses,which circulated in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong from 2013 to 2014.The mutations of G186V,Q226L and E627 K might be related with high susceptibility to human beings.

Objective:To explore the expression of N-cadherin and its correlations with the clinicopathological features of human ovarian carcinoma.Methods:The expression of N-cadherin in 281 cases of ovarian carcinoma tissues were determined by immunohistochemical method.The correlations of N-cadherin expression with the clinicopathological features of human ovarian carcinoma were analyzed.Results:There was higher expression of N-cadherin in the metastatic lesions than its paired primary lesions (P =0.018).The expression level of N-cadherin in ovarian carcinoma was correlated with the FIGO stage (P =0.034),histological type (P ＜0.001) and tumor grade (P =0.004).Conclusions:High expression of N-cadherin might positively correlate with the invasion and migration ability of ovarian carcinoma cells,which was more common in the the advanced (FIGO Ⅱ-Ⅳ) ovarian carcinoma,high-grade serous carcinoma,and high grade ovarian carcinoma.N-cadherin might be useful in estimating the biological behavior of human ovarian carcinoma.

[Objective] To measure the diameter of the superior rectal vein (SRV) & theinferior mesenteric vein (IMV) by CT and analyze their relationship with lymphatic metastasis of rectal carcinoma.And to discuss the feasibility of utilizing SRV to prcdict lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.[Methods] The CT imaging and pathological data of 105 rectal carcinoma patients were analyzed retrospectively.We measured and compared the diameter of every patient's SRV & IMV by CT in the presence and absence of microvascular tumor thrombus,signet ring cell,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.The accuracy of predicting lymph node metastasis for rectal carcinoma by the diameter of SRV were evaluated by ROC curve.[Results] There were statistical differences in the diameters of SRV and IMV between rectal cancer group with lymph node metastasis (D =4.34 mm,D =5.00 mm) and without (D =3.56 mm,D =4.81 mm;P ＜ 0.001,P =0.023).The differences were significant in the diameter of SRV between rectal cancer group with microvascular tumor thrombus or signet ring cell and without (P =0.019,P =0.044).However,the diameter of IMV showed no statistical difference between rectal cancer group with microvascular tumor thrombus or signet ring cell and without (P =0.605,P =0.663).And there was no statistical difference in the diameter of SRV or IMV between rectal cancer patients with distant metastasis and without (P ＞ 0.05).Regarding 3.75 mm as the cut-off value for the diameter of SRV to predict lymph node metastasis for rectal cancer patients,the sensitivity was 90.9％ and the specificity was 82.0％.Regarding 4.65 mm as the cut-off value for the diameter of IMV to predict lymph node metastasis for rectal cancer patients,the sensitivity was 87.3％ and the specificity was 38％.[Conclusions] It is completely feasible to utilize the diameter of SRV measured by CT to predict lymph node metastasis of rectal carcinoma with high sensitivity,accuracy,and relatively high specificity.

Objective To explore the influence of lack of parental accompaniment, physical abuse and neglect in childhood on the psychological distress of college entrant students. Methods In a comprehensive university in Sichuan Province, 8367 freshmen were surveyed using the 6-item Kessler psychological distress (K6) scale and a questionnaire for lack of parental accompany, physical abuse and neglect in childhood. The students were divided into rural group and urban group for data analysis. Results The months of lack of maternal and/or paternal accompaniment were more in rural group than that in urban group (P<0.05). In rural group, female (standardizedβ’=0.139, P<0.001), neglect (standardizedβ’=0.237, P<0.001) and physical abuse (standardized β’=0.076, P<0.001) were associated with K6 scale. In urban group, female (standardizedβ’=0.091, P<0.001), lack of paternal accompaniment (standardizedβ’=0.050, P<0.001), ne? glect (standardized β’=0.169, P<0.001) and physical abuse (standardized β’=0.095, P<0.001) related with K6 scale. Conclusions Neglect and physical abuse are independent risk factors to freshmen both from rural and urban areas. Lack of paternal accompaniment in childhood is a risk factor only in urban freshmen. Further research should select more rep?resentative samples and also include more factors which may interact with the loss of parental accompaniment such as pa?rental divorce and conditions regarding so calledleft-behindchildren in rural area.

Objective Through analyzing and summarizing the experiences and reflections during the construction of regional medical scientific research alliance,to explore the ultimate goal and ideal model of such work.Methods Literature review,as well as working experience summary and analysis.Results The purpose of setting up regional medical scientific research alliance lies in shared regional medical scientific research data information,using the two-way transformation model of laboratory and clinical research to support the medical service of primary health care in local hospitals,at the same time,promoting the construction and development of regional medical alliance.The ideal model is to make good use of the regional clini cal scientific research data sharing platform and related information sharing platform to promote the collaborative development of regional medical scientific research.Conclusions The ultimate goal of collaborative development of scientific research is to establish "an information map of regional scientific research resources",the map can be used for scientific research project cooperation,resource allocation,integration of scientific research forces and training of talent echelon,thereby comprehensively improve the regional research capacity.

Objective To achieve the hospital's scientific research objectives during the 13th five-year plan period,we designed to know about the potential NSFC application capacity and existed problems in our hospital.Methods Using "Questionnaire Star" network investigation platform to design questionnaire and conduct data analysis.Results Respondents are divided into two groups,one was who intend to apply in next three years while the other would not.it is found that there are obvious differences between the publication of SCI,as well as the previous research project application and conducting experiences.Conclusions In order to improve the rate of NSFC application,the hospital scientific management workers can consider doing the following:Improve the number of SCI papers published from the perspective of helping to encourage and forcing pressure.Strive for financial support from all parties and build a central experimental platform to create conditions for basic experiments for clinical medical workers.Regular and in time training for NSFC application.Some pressure when necessary to promote the extension of low-level study.Pay more attention to the incentives of research performance at the department level.

The authors described the purpose of the creation, the structure of the basic model, and the changes in the chapters of ICD-11, and analyzed its differences with ICD-10, as well as its unique advantages and current progress. The revision of ICD-11 is closely related to the development of modern medicine. It features more elaborate expression of diseases and informatization of classification tools, making it better fitting the development of medical and health information big data and facilitating the global collection and application of medical information data.

Objective From the perspective of the application of Beijing Tongzhou district science and technology project,we can grasp the present situation,existing problems and opportunities of the hospital.Methods Taking the information of the application declared by Beijing Luhe Hospital in 2017 as the research object,using the Excel,statistical analysis of the applicants'age,professional title,degree and departments distribution;summing up the common problems of the expert feedback.Results The study found that the 144 subjects participated in the declaration had been laying particular stress on each of the five areas,including:research category,applicants‘ age,professional title,degree and department.Conclusions Based on the data of the application,we have made a preliminary discussion about the overall planning and management measures of the future hospital scientific research.

Objective: To establish a TaqMan-MGB probe-based real-time fluorescence RT-PCR assay for avian influenza H5N6 virus used in rapid diagnosis for suspected cases and surveillance for outer environment of live poultry markets. Methods: Based on the conservative sequences of avian influenza H5N6 virus for HA and NA gene published on GenBank, specific primers and TaqMan-MGB probes were designed to develop and optimize for the dual real-time RT-PCR assay. Specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and comparison tests were carried out. Results: This dual real-time RT-PCR detection can be completed within 80 minutes. There was no cross-reaction with other subtypes of influenza virus and common respiratory pathogens. The minimum detection limit could be up to 10 copies/reaction. The correlation coefficient of standard curve for the gene of H5 and N6 were 0.999 and 0.993, and the coefficients of variation for cycle threshold were range from 0.151%-0.549%and 0.213%-0.575%, respectively. The positive and negative coincidence rates of the validation test were 100%. Conclusions This TaqMan-MGB probe-based dual real-time RT-PCR for avian influenza H5N6 virus was rapid, specific and sensitive. It will have a good use in early emergency detection of suspected cases and continuous monitoring of external environment in live poultry trade market.