Pediatric patients usually require intravenous infusion maintenance fluid. Currently, maintenance fluid with 1/5 tension, 1/2 tension, and isotonic contraction were commonly used and lfuid with 1/5 tension and even with no tension is still commonly used. In recent years, a large number of high quality randomized controlled trials and meta analyses showed that compared with the traditional low tension maintenance lfuid, 1/2 tension or isotonic maintenance lfuid can effectively reduce the incidence of acute hyponatremia and the adverse reactions such as hypernatremia while hypernatremia were not caused. A number of national guidelines also recommend the use of 1/2 tension or isotonic contraction as a standard for maintaining liquid. In this paper, the present status and recent progress in the use of intravenous maintenance lfuid in pediatric patients were reviewed.

Humans ; Nasal Septum ; surgery ; Rhinoplasty ; methods ; Sutures

ATP sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels widely expressed in many tissue and cell types including neurons are heteromultimers of sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and inward rectifier K + channel (Kir6) subunits associated with 1∶1 stoichiometry as a tetramer (SUR/Kir6) 4. The activity of K ATP channels is modulated by intracellular ATP concentrations. Neuronal K ATP channels are involved in the mediation of glucose sensing and metabolic stress. Under physiological condition, they also possess important pathophysiological functions in acute brain ischemic and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

AIM To investigate the protective effects of iptakalim hydrochloride (Ipt) against glutamate induced neurotoxity. METHODS Neurotoxity injury was induced by with glutamic acid in PC12 cells. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS Ipt at the concentrations of 1 ? 1(T-10 - 1 ? 1(T4 mol ? L-1 markedly mitigated glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. The protec- live effect was nullified by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel antagnist. CONCLUSION Ipt provides neuroprotection on glutamate-induced cytotoxixity in cultured PC12 cells and this effect may be related with ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Objective To investigate the pathological changes of myocardium in diabetic rats and the effect of aspirin, perindopril, prednisone on the pathological changes of myocardium in type 1 diabetic rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups: ( 1 ) diabetes mellitus (DM)group ( n = 20): treated with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg at one time, diluted in sodium citrate buffer. (2) normal control group (n = 10): intraperitoneal injection of sodium citrate buffer. The blood glucose and the weight were measured regularly for 8 weeks. The 20 diabetic model rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 individually), from the 4th day, the rats were given normal saline dissolved aspirin, perindopril, prednisone gavage respectively, and the normal control group and diabetic group were given an equal volume of saline daily gavage. After 8 weeks, the pathological changes in the cardiac muscle tissue were observed under light microscope and electron microscope. Results Three days after the injection of STZ, the blood glucose in the DM group was higher than 16. 7 mmol/L,20 rats were all modeling successfully. The model rats suffered from polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and weight loss significantly. HE staining showed diabetic myocardial cell swell, hypertrophy, degeneration and significant nuclear enlargement; the myocardial fiber fractured,dissolved, contraction wavy and disorganized fibre infiltrated by inflammatory cells. Under electron microscope, diabetic myocardial muscle fibers arranged irregularly, fractured and dissolved; the glycogen between the muscle fiber accumulated, mitochondria swelled, most of the ridges in mitochondria were not clear, cell plate widened. Compared with the diabetic group, the above-mentioned pathological changes reduced in the drug intervention group,and the changes in perindopril group was most significant. Conclusion Injection of STZ 60 mg/kg could successfully induce diabetic in rats and held stable blood glucose level. After 8 weeks, diabetes could cause servere damages in myocardium in the rats, but aspirin, perindopril, prednisone could reduce the cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats,in which perindopril had more positive effect.

0.999) and the limits of detection were 0.03-0.6 ng/ml. The average recoveries were 85.5%-113.1%, RSDs were 1.8%-4.6%. Conclusion With the accuracy, high sensitivity and reproducibility, the method is suitable for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in the honey.

Objective To know the situation of HCH and DDT residues in the health foods in Shandong Province, China. Methods HCH and DDT residues in 102 different kinds of health food samples were determined by capillary gas chromatography in 2006. Results The detection rate of HCH was 100%, the eligible rate was 97%, as for DDT, they were 62.7% and 96.1% respectively. Conclusion The situation of organochlorine pesticide residues in the health foods in Shandong Province is not satisfactory and to ensure the quality of the health foods, a powerful supervision should be taken, the raw materials of the health foods should be natural and no pollution.

AIM To investigate the effects of iptakalim hydrochloride (Ipt) on cerebral neuronal sodium, calcium and potassium channels. METHODS The effects of Ipt on sodium, calcium and potassium channels in cultured hippocampal neurons was observed using whole-cell recording technique. RESULTS Ipt had no significant effect on Na +, Ca 2+ currents, but significantly increased the outward K + currents. This enhancement of Ipt was inhibited by synchronously application of glibenclamide. Upon the administration of Ipt 1, 10, 100 ?mol?L -1, the outward K + current was significantly increased to (121.9?8.1)%, (114.7?7.1)%, (109.1?10.0)% respectively (n=6～9, P

Purpose　The aim is to investigate the effects of BSP on immunological function in normal and immunosuppressed mices.Methods　Thymus and spleen indexes, peripheral blood WBC number,the lymphocyte proliferation response, IL-2 production and serum and splenocyte hemolysin contents were measured after intraperitoneal injection of BSP in normal and immunosuppressed mices.Results　(1)BSP 100 mg/（kg*d）×10d significantly increased the thymus and spleen indexes and peripheral blood WBC number in immunosuppressed mice.The thymus and spleen indexes in normal mice was also increased. In addition,BSP markedly improved T,B lymphocyte proliferation responses and IL-2 production in normal and immunosupressed mices.(2) BSP improved the serum and splenocyte hemolysin contents in normal and immunosuppressed mice. Conclusion　It was suggested that BSP was a kind of immunomodulator, and could improve the immunological function of normal and immunosuppressed mices.

Objecive To observe the characteristic appearance of veins spatial distribution of lump's tissue by using Photoshop so as to improve the ability of ultrasonic diagnosis.Methods The images of lump's tissue gotten from ultrasonic were converted by using Photoshop.Then the corresponding relations between small wave coefficient and local characteristics were analyzed.Result Image determination and wavelet analysis for lump tissue not only provided frequency spectrum and veins analysis for images,but also acquired quantitative data received from focus and normal tissue.Conclusion Wavelet analysis provides reliable basis for distinguishing and analyzing characteristics of focus in clinical lump diagnosis.