Object To establish a method for chemical pattern recognition on the quality assessment of Radix Astragali. Methods The contents of astragaloside in 18 samples of Astragalus Linn. in different species and origins were determinated by dual-wavelength TLCS method. The developing solvent was CHCl 3-MeOH-H 2O (65∶30∶10,), the UV detection was set at ? s=390 nm; ? R=590 nm. Astragaloside was regarded as the quality assurance of medicinal Radix Astragalus. Based on the TLCS method, the chemical data were obtained. Hierarchical clustering analyses were applied to the chemical pattern recognition. Results The content of astragaloside in Astragalus mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. was relatively higher than that in the other samples. This is consistent with the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China in which the two sorts of Astragalus Linn. were regarded as goods. Conclusion This method is a practicable in the quality assessment of Radix Astragali.

The size of the non-sampling error is directly related to the accuracy and reliability of the sampling survey result. This paper studied the non-sampling errors generated during the sampling process of the China National Human Biomonitoring Program(CNBP), mainly including the sampling frame error, non-response error and measurement error. The program reduced the influence of the non-sampling error on the quality of the survey effectively by scientifically designing the sampling scheme and questionnaire, strengthening investigator trainings and standardizing the data review, which could be used to provide reference for the control of non-sampling errors in public health monitoring projects in China.

Objective: To investigate the urine methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) level of a primary school students in Changping District, Beijing, and analysis the effect factors, give the advice if the MTBE is eligibility as an exposure biomarker of automobile exhaust. Methods: Using the panel study, randomly selected 20 sixthgrade students (10 male and 10 female) from Zhixing School in Changping district, Beijing, from June 7th to 13th, 2018. All participants completed a questionnaire for collecting demographic and geographic information and daily activities. All participants were given guidance to repeatedly collected urine samples 3 times (8:00, 11:00 and 16:00 instant urien) a day for 7 days, totally 420 urine samples were collected. Urine MTBE were measured and the statistic significant of the Urine MTBE at different groups were evaluated. Results: MTBE were detected in all 420 urine samples of primary school students, the geometric mean of creatinine-corrected MTBE exposure level in 8:00, 11:00 and 16:00 instant urine were 0.12, 0.12 and 0.12 mg/g creatinine, respectively. Urine MTBE concentration was statistical significant in different daily outdoor activity time, the distance of home address to the main road, and daily use time of air purification equipment in class(P=0.00, 0.04, 0.00). Conclusion There was a universal MTBE exposure among students in a primary school in Beijing, and the impact factors to exposure level were daily outdoor activity time, distance from home address to the closest main road, and daily use time of air purification equipment in class. This result indicate MTBE may be a valuable candidate for exposure biomarker of automobile exhaust, and more research should be done.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the short-term efficacy of autogenous bone pate and Palva graft for obliterating huge remnant mastoid cavity in canal wall down approach. METHOD: Retrospective analysis clinical data of twenty-one cholesteatomatous cases operated by one surgeon from 2004 to 2007. In twelve cases, simultaneous III type tympanoplasty (Sheehy, P. O. P) was performed. Other 9 cases had undergone mastoidectomy elsewhere before the admission. Six of them were still draining with huge remnant mastoid cavity, and the rest three patients had relapsed cholesteatomas with intermittent draining and huge mastoid cavity. Normal saline solution perfusion was used to measure the volume of remnant mastoid cavity. The criterion of huge remnant mastoid cavity is more than 8 ml. RESULT: Of twelve primary cases with III type tympanoplasty, 11 patients maintained a small, dry, and healthy mastoid cavity after twenty-seven days. The average increase of hearing level of them was 17.5dB, and the air-bone gap is less than 20 dB. Of one patient, bone pate was infected and was discharged. A dry mastoid cavity was achieved until fifty-five days after surgery. The patient is keeping a big air-bone gap caused by displacement of ossicle chain prosthesis. Just eighteen days later, other nine cases of revision mastoidectomy achieved a small, dry, and healthy mastoid cavity, with lightly improved hearing level. CONCLUSION Obliteration of a canal wall down huge mastoid cavity by Palva graft with autologous bone pate is a reliable and effective technique that results in a small, dry, low-maintenance mastoid cavity. The short-term efficacy of simultaneous III tympanoplasty is satisfactory if patient selection is suitable.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cholesteatoma ; surgery ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Tympanoplasty ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effect of frozen fruit pulp of A(c)aí (Euterpe Oleraceae Mart.) on cyclic nucleotides, neurotransmitters and immune level of rats with asthenia pyrosyndrome.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Huangbo (Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis) group, Gegen Qinlian Decoction (a Chinese herbal medicine compound) group, A(c)aí high-dose group and A(c)aí low-dose group.The rat model of asthenia pyrosyndrome was induced by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate at dose of 0.35 mg/kg once daily for consecutive 21 days.The level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were detected by radioimmunoassay.The levels of dopamine (DA), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D-β-H) and norepinephrine (NE) were detected by enzyme immunoassay.The levels of IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 were detected by using colorimeter.The results of the groups were compared to analyze the effect of Huangbo, Gegen Qinlian Decoction and A(c)aí on rats with asthenia pyrosyndrome.Results High dose A(c)aí could relieve the symptoms due to asthenia pyrosyndrome, and decreased the serum level of cAMP, cGMP, cAMP/cGMP, DA, D-β-H and NE (P<0.05), while increased the serum content of IgG, IgM and C3 (P<0.05,P<0.001 or P<0.05).Conclusion The effect of A(c)aí on cyclic nucleotides, neurotransmitters and immune level was similar with that of Huangbo or Gegen Qinlian Decotion, which proved the cold property of A(c)aí.

Objective To explore the association of arsenic with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Methods A case?control study was conducted to select URSA patients who were admitted to the Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from April to October 2018 as a case group. Women who had a normal pregnancy in the Family Planning Department of the hospital but volunteered to have an abortion were selected as a control group. The case and control group were paired in a 1:1 ratio. The inclusion criteria of the case group were patients with newly diagnosed recurrent spontaneous abortion who had clinically confirmed more than 2 spontaneous abortions and had 20 weeks prior to pregnancy, excluding patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion caused by abnormal blood coagulation (anti?phospholipid antibody positive), abnormal physiological anatomy (B?ultrasound), abnormal immune factors (anti?nuclear antibody positive, anti?cardiolipin antibody, etc.), genetic chromosomal abnormalities (karyotype analysis) and pathogenic microbial infection. The control group was matched according to the age of the case group (±3 years old) and the gestational age (±2 weeks) to exclude adverse pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth, congenital malformation, premature delivery and low birth weight infants. A total of 192 subjects were included. Questionnaires were used to collect information of all subjects, and 12 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected to detect blood arsenic levels. Blood arsenic levels were divided into low concentration group (<1.00 μg/L), medium concentration group (1.00-1.50 μg/L) and high concentration group (>1.50 μg/L). The multivariate conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between blood arsenic exposure and URSA and explore the influencing factors of blood Arsenic. Results The geometric mean values of blood arsenic level in the cases group and control group were 1.68 (1.50-1.86) μg/L and 1.26 (1.17-1.37) μg/L, respectively. The blood arsenic level in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The results of multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for tobacco exposure during pregnancy, pre?pregnancy body mass index and the effects of residential decoration in past five years, the risk of URSA was higher in the high?concentration group compared with the low?concentration group ( OR=2.56, 95%CI :1.06-6.24). Conclusion Blood arsenic may increase the risk of URSA in women of childbearing age.

Objective:To investigate the association of cadmium exposure with liver function among adults in a non-ferrous metal mining area in Guangxi.Methods:A total of 310 residents aged 18 and above were recruited from 5 heavy metals polluted villages in a non-ferrous metal mining area in Guangxi from 2013 to 2014. The general demographic characteristics, blood cadmium levels and indicators of liver function index [Total bilirubin (TBIL), Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Glutamine transaminase (GGT)] were obtained by using questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory test. The blood cadmium levels were divided into quartiles as Q1- Q4 groups (using Q1 group as the reference).Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the blood cadmium level and functional liver index. Results:The age of subjects was (49.2±15.4) years, and 112 (36.1%) subjects were male residents. The prevalence of abnormal rates of TBIL,AST,ALT and GGT were 17.4% (54), 19.7% (61), 10.7% (33) and 11.9% (37), respectively. The geometric mean value of cadmium levels in adults was 3.72(95% CI: 3.43-4.02) μg/L. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, total cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and other factors, the risk of abnormal AST index in the highest concentration of blood cadmium group ( Q4) was higher than that in the lowest concentration of blood cadmium group ( Q1) ( OR=2.92, 95%CI:1.07-7.98). Conclusion:The level of blood cadmium exposure is higher than the reference value of general population in China, and the elevated cadmium exposure is related to the increasing risk of AST abnormality.

Objective:To investigate the association between oxygen saturation (SpO 2) and risk of 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults aged 65 or over. Methods:The participants were enrolled from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in year of 2012 to 2014 in 9 longevity areas in China. In this prospective cohort study, 2 287 participants aged 65 or over were enrolled. Data on SpO 2 and body measurements were collected at baseline in 2012, and data on survival outcome and time of mortality were collected at the follow-up in 2014. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether SpO 2 was abnormal (SpO 2<94% was defined as abnormal). Results:The 2 287 participants were (86.5±12.2) years old, 1 006 were males (44.0%), and 315 (13.8%) were abnormal in SpO 2. During follow-up in 2014, 452 were died, 1 434 were survived, and 401 were lost to follow-up. The all-cause mortality rate was 19.8%, and the follow-up rate was 82.5%. The mortality rate of SpO 2 in normal group was 21.1%, and that of abnormal group was 41.6% ( P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to participants with normal SpO 2, participants with abnormal SpO 2 had increased risk of all-cause mortality with HR (95% CI) of 1.62 (1.31-2.02); HR (95 % CI) was 1.49 (0.98-2.26) for males and 1.71 (1.30-2.26) for females in abnormal SpO 2group, respectively; HR (95% CI) was 2.70 (0.98-7.44) for aged 65-79 years old, 1.22 (0.63-2.38) for aged 80-89 years old, and 1.72 (1.35-2.19) for aged over 90 years old in abnormal SpO 2 group, respectively. Conclusion:Abnormal SpO 2 was responsible for increased risk of 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese elderly adults.

Objective:To investigate the association of urinary cadmium level with body mass index (BMI) and body circumferences among the older adults over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China.Methods:Subjects were older adults over 65 years old from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS) between 2017 and 2018 conducted in 9 longevity areas in China. A total of 1 968 older adults were included in this study. Information including socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, diet intake, and health status was collected by using questionnaires and physical examinations. Urine samples were collected to detect urinary cadmium and creatinine levels. Body circumferences included waist circumference, hip circumference and calf circumference. Subjects were divided into three groups (low:<0.77 μg/g·creatinine, middle:0.77-1.69 μg/g·creatinine, high:≥1.69 μg/g·creatinine) by tertiles of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium concentration. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium level with BMI and body circumferences. The dose-response relationship of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium concentration with BMI and body circumferences was analyzed by using restrictive cubic splines fitting multiple linear regression model.Results:The mean age of subjects was (83.34±11.14) years old. The median (Q1, Q3) concentration of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium was 1.13 (0.63, 2.09) μg/g·creatinine, and the BMI was (22.70±3.82) kg/m 2. The mean values of waist circumference, hip circumference, and calf circumference were (85.42±10.68) cm, (92.67±8.90) cm, and (31.08±4.76) cm, respectively. After controlling confounding factors, the results of the multiple linear regression model showed that for each increment of 1 μg/g·creatinine in creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium, the change of BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and calf circumference in the high-level group was -0.28 (-0.37, -0.19) kg/m 2, -0.74 (-0.96, -0.52) cm, -0.78 (-0.96, -0.61) cm, and -0.20 (-0.30, -0.11) cm, respectively. The restrictive cubic splines curve showed a negative nonlinear association of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium with BMI ( Pnonlinear<0.001) and negative linear associations of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium with waist circumference ( Plinear<0.001), hip circumference ( Plinear<0.001), and calf circumference ( Plinear<0.001). Conclusion:Urinary cadmium level is significantly associated with decreased BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and calf circumference among older adults over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China.

Objective To detect the expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted protein Ag85B in paraffin-embedded tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and to evaluate its application in the pathological diagnosis of tuberculosis.Methods One hundred and five tuberculosis specimens (54 pulmonary tuberculosis, 51 lymph nodal tuberculosis ) and 51 specimens of other diseases (8 lung cancer, 10 pulmonary abscess, 10 bronchiectasis, 7 lymphoma, 5 necrotizing lymphadenitis, 4 reactive hyperplasia lymphoid , and 7 sarcoidosis ) were collected from January 2012 to July 2013 from Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University.One-step IHC was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues using antibody directed against Ag85B.Results IHC and Ziehl-Neelsen ( ZN) acid-fast staining showed that distribution and intensity of Ag85B expression were concordant with the distribution and number of acid-fast bacilli.IHC showed significantly higher sensitivity than ZN staining (50.5%,53/105 vs.31.4%,33/105;χ2 =7.877, P=0.005).The combined sensitivity of IHC and ZN staining was 59.0%.Moreover, oil immersion was not necessary for IHC , allowing more rapid diagnosis.Conclusion IHC detection of Ag85B is a simple method with higher sensitivity than ZN staining , and demonstrated good value in the pathological diagnosis of tuberculosis.