Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxia on expressions of erythropoietin(EPO)mRNA and protein in retinal M?ller cells cultured in vitro. Methods Retina tissues from the new-born Wistar rats were dissected into cell suspension after digested by pancreatin.M?ller cells were separated and purified by mechanical concussion and blowing and striking method.The expression of EPO mRNA and protein under the condition of hypoxia was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase(RT)-polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and immunocytochemical method. Results Retinal M?ller cells were cultured successfully,95% of which were positively stained by glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP).Positively stained EPO protein was located in the cytoplasm and protuberance.The expression of EPO mRNA and protein was faint in the normal retinal M?ller cells,but increased obviously and time-dependently after hypoxia. Conclusion Expression of EPO mRNA and protein increases in M?ller cells after hypoxia,which may be one of the protective factors for the nerves in anoxic retinopathy.

Objective To prepare two types of biodegradable modified materials (chitosan and collagen)and evaluate whether the new materials are suitable for tissue engineering cartilage.Methods Collagen and chitosan were both modified by poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate-co-glutamine acid (PBLG-co-PGA) with different proportions.The contact angle,degradation rate,tensile strength,cell attachment and cytocompatibility were tested and compared.Results As the PBLG-co-PGA content varied,the degradation rates of PBLG-co-PGA composites became adjustable,the hydrophilicity of PBLG-co-PGA/chitosan was improved,and the tensile strength increased in PBLG-co-PGA/collagen composite.The composites with 30％ PBLG-co-PGA were chosen for cytocompatibility and cell attachment experiments.The rabbit condrocytes grew significantly better on PBLG-co-PGA/chitosan than on other three materials(P＜0.05).Conclusion PBLG can improve the hydrophilicity,tensile strength and regulate the degradation rate of composite materials,and the cytocompatibility of the composites with 30％ of PBLG is good,among which PBLG-co-PGA/chitosan can even promote cell proliferation.It could be a new choice of scaffold for tissue engineering cartilage.

Objective To assess the histopathological characteristics of tumors arising in nevus sebaceous.Methods The clinical and pathological data on 16 patients with tumors arising in nevus sebaceous were collected and retrospectively reviewed.Histopathological characteristics were analyzed.Results Of the 16 patients,12 aged ≥ 18 years,4 aged 11 to 17 years; 7 had syringocystadenoma papilliferum(SCAP),4 tubular apocrine adenoma (TAA),3 trichilemmoma,2 basal cell carcinoma (BCC),1 porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus,and 1 nevus flammeus.Six patients suffered from more than one kind of tumor,of these tumors,concurrent syringocystadenoma papilliferum and apocrine adenoma predominated and were observed in 4 of these patients.Conclusion Any tumor arising from nevus sebaceous should be closely followed up.

BACKGROUND: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a kind of polypeptide growth factor possessing multifunctional biological activities,can protect neurons and promote the growth of nerves. It has been corfirmed that bFGF has therapeutic effects on retina ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI).OBJECTIVE: To establish RIRI model and analyze the effects of bFGF on cellular apoptosis of retina and the expression of regulatory gene protein.DESIGN: Randomized grouping and validating trial.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Research Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Qingdao University, from April 2002 to December 2003. Twenty-eight healthy Wistar rats were enrolled in this experiment. Four rats were randomly chosen for normal control group, the left eyes of the other 24 rats were set as normal saline control group, and the right eyes were set as bFGF group.METHODS: Normal saline control group and bFGF group adopted the rat RIRI models established by transiently elevating intraocular pressure. Normal saline of 12 μL was injected into the vitreous cavity of the left eyes of the rats in normal control group. 12 μL bFGF was injected into the vitreous cavity of the right eyes of the rats in bFGF group, 4 rats once. No administration was given in normal control group. The expression of apoptotic cells was detected and apoptosis indexes were calculated with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method and immunohistochemical staining method at the 1st, 6th,12th, 24th,48th and 72nd hours after reperfusion and ischemia for 1 hour.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The detection results of apoptotic cells in situ of retina tissuesat different time points after reperfusion. ②The expression of Fas and caspases-2 in retina tissues at different time points after reperfusion.RESULTS ① Comparison of apoptosis indexes of retina tissues at different time points after ischemia reperfusion: There were no apoptotic cells in the retina tissues of the rats in normal control group. As compared with those in normal saline control group, apoptosis indexes in bFGF group were significantly decreased at ischemia 1 hour and reperfusion 1, 6, 12, 24, 48and 72 hours, especially at the 12th, 24th and 48th hours after reperfusion (t =5.362-5.595, P ＜ 0.05). ② The change of Fas expression at different time points after ischemia reperfusion: There was hardly any Fas expression in normal control group. As compared with that in normal saline control group, Fas expression in bFGF group was significantlydecreased at ischemia 1 hour and reperfusion 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, especially at the 6th, 12th and 24th hours after reperfusion (t=3.954-9.327, P ＜ 0.05). ③The changes of caspase-2 expression at different time points after ischemia reperfusion: There was no caspase-2 expression in normal control group.Compared with that in normal saline control group, the number of caspase2 positive cells in bFGF group was significantly decreased at the 6th,12th,24th, 48th and 72nd hours after ischemia for 1 hour and reperfusion (t=4.125-15.641, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: bFGF can significantly inhibit the expression of apoptosis gene Fas and caspase-2 in the ischemia and reperfusion of retina, thus reducing cellular apoptosis of ganglion cells and exerting therapeutic effects on the ischemia and reperfusion of retina.

Objective To investigate the clinical and histological characteristics of trichilemmal carcinoma (TLC). Methods A clinicopathological analysis of 13 cases of TLC was carried out. Results There were 9 males and 4 females among the 13 patients with TLC who were aged from 34 to 87 years (mean: 70 years). Clinically, the tumor presented as an exophytic mass; histologically, it was characterized by the proliferation of epithelial cells and keratinization of outer root sheath. Cytologically atypical clear cells predominated in the tumor tissue. Microscopy revealed different growth patterns of tumor cells, which included solid growth pattern, tobular pattern and trabecular pattern. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain demonstrated clear cells in all the tumor tissues from the 13 patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed in tissue samples from 6 patients, and showed that these samples were positive to high molecular weight cytokeratin (CK-HMW) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), but negative to carcinomebrynic antigen (CEA), S-100, cytokeratin 8 (CK8)and epithelial antigen(Ber-Ep4). Follow-up over 4 months to 5 years revealed neither recurrence nor metastasis in 9 cases.Conclusions TLC is a low-grade malignancy of skin adnexal tumor without distinctive clinical features, and should be differentiated from other malignant clear cell tumors of the skin.

Objective To investigate the association of imbalance of Tc1 and Tc2 cells with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Methods Immunohistochemistry (S-P method) was used to test the subgroups of infiltrating cells and the expression of receptors of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-? (IFN-?) in these cells of the eruptions from 28 patients with CAD and 7 normal controls. The serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-? from 33 patients with CAD and 32 normal controls were tested by ELISA. Results The major infiltrating cells in the eruptions of patients with CAD were T cells, which were significantly more than B cells (P

Objective: To observe the preventive effect of taurine on alcoholic liver damage in rat.Methods: The model was induced by filling stomach with alcohol, and the treatment groups were given two different concentrations of taurine, and the control group was given 0.9%NS, then we measured the blood triglycerides (TG), and the pathological changes of liver quantitatively.Results: Two different le-vels of taurine can significantly decrease the level of TG and ameliorate the liver damage of rats (P0.05), and the 5% taurine group can also decrease the mean arterial pressure (P

Aim This study aimed to assess the protection of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in light-induced injuries in human retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells by researching the inhibition of rhEPO for apoptosis in human RPE cells by light-induced injuries.Methods Cultured human RPE cells were exposed to light of 8 w (2 000?500) lux for 12hours,then the culture were stopped at 24 hours after 12hours light stimulation. The effect of inhibiting apoptosis of rhEPO was detected by AnnexinV-flunorescein isothiocyanate/Propidium iodium labeling and flow cytometry. The enzyme linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA)and immunocytochemical staining were used to assess the expressions of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 treated by different doses of rhEPO in light-induced injury on human RPE cells and research the protective mechanism of rhEPO by adding AG490(the special inhibitor of Jak2).Results There was a obviously increased effects on inhibiting apoptosis in every rhEPO group, which was the most conspicuous in 40 IU?ml-1 rhEPO group,and the value was (4.93?1.45)?ml-1. The decrease of expression of caspase-3 was most obvious in 40 IU?ml-1 rhEPO group, and the value was (0.125?0.029) ?g?L-1. The increase of expression of Bcl-2 was the most obvious in 40 IU?ml-1 rhEPO group and the value was 168.21?3.87. But these effects on inhibiting apoptosis in rhEPO group were restrained by adding AG490, the value of apoptosis was (11.29?2.11)?ml-1 and the density of caspase-3 increased to (0.362?0.042) ?g?L-1,the expression of Bcl-2 dropped.Conclusion It is suggested that rhEPO can inhibit the apoptosis of human RPE cells in the light-induced injuries and inhibit the expression of caspase-3 and up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, so rhEPO can protect the light-induced injuries for human RPE cells. Its protective mechanism is accomplished principally by the pathway of combining EPO with EPOR ,then the combination activates Jak2.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of fetal intravascular transfusion via the intrahepatic vein in the treatment of fetal anemia.Methods:This was a retrospective analysis of all fetuses requiring intrauterine transfusion (IUT) in the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital between January 2010 and December 2019. According to the different ways of IUT, they were divided into intrahepatic venous transfusion group and umbilical venous transfusion group, fetal outcomes and the incidence of procedure-related complications between the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 97 IUTs were performed on 48 fetuses. Among them, 16 cases were performed in the intrahepatic vein (31 transfusions), 32 cases were performed in the cord of the umbilical vein (66 transfusions).There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, labor history and the proportion of fetal hydrops before the first transfusion. In the intrahepatic venous transfusion group, the posterior placenta was 14/16, which was significantly higher than 78% (25/32) in the umbilical venous transfusion group ( P<0.01). The live-birth rates of the two groups were 13/16 and 75% (24/32). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Before intrahepatic venous transfusion, the proportion of fetal hydrops was significantly higher than that of umbilical venous transfusion [55% (17/31) vs 24% (16/66), P<0.05]. Puncture success rate of intrahepatic venous transfusion and umbilical venous transfusion were both 100%. In the umbilical venous transfasion group, the incidence of needle slippage (5%, 3/66) and the abnormality of fetal heart rate (11%, 7/66) were higher than those in the intrahepatic venous transfasion group [0 and 3% (1/31)], but there were no significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). There were no cases of fetal loss within 24 hours, premature rupture of membranes, infection within 7 days and emergency cesarean section after IUT in both groups. Conclusions:Fetal intravascular transfusion via the intrahepatic vein is safe and feasible in the treatment of fetal anemia. But the requirements of puncture technique are relatively high, so it is recommended to be carried out in experienced fetal treatment center.

Objective To investigate the association between placental sharing,vascular anastomoses,cord insertion and perinatal outcome in uncomplicated monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) placentas.Methods Between January 1,2012 and July 31,2013,60 uncomplicated (seclective fetal growth restriction,twin anemia-polycythemia sequence and twin-twin transfusion dyndrome) MCDA placentas were studied.These uncomplicated MCDA placentas were divided into the placenta equally shared group with placental territory discordance (PTD) ＜0.25 and the placenta unequally shared group with PTD ≥ 0.25.Angioarchitecture,cord insertion type and the distance between two cord insertions were compared using the Chi-square test and nonparametric test.Results Mean maternal age was (30.3±4.1) years.There were 39 cases (65％) in the placenta equally shared group and 21 (35％) in the placenta unequally shared group.Vascular anastomoses were observed in all placentas,arterioarterial anastomoses in 58 placentas (97％),and venovenous anastomoses in 17 placentas (28％).The overall diameter and the maximum diameter of arterioarterial anastomoses in the placenta equally shared group were (0.19±0.11) cm and (0.18±0.09) cm,respectively,and were lower than those in the placenta unequally shared group [(0.27±0.11) cm and (0.27±0.12) cm,respectively] (T were-2.39 and-2.94,P＜0.05,respectively).No significant differences in the number,the overall diameter and the maximum diameter of venovenous anastomoses were observed between the two groups (all P＞0.05).The incidence of cord velamentous insertion and cord velamentous insertion plus cord marginal insertion were 14％ (11/78) and 42％ (33/78),respectively,in the placenta equally shared group,and were similar to those in the placenta unequally shared group [14％ (6/42) and 33％ (14/42),x2 were 1.00 and 0.43,P＞0.05,respectively].The mean distance between two cord insertions was shorter in the placenta unequally shared group than in the placenta equally shared group [(14.3±6.3) cm vs (18.2±6.0) cm,T=2.37,P＜0.05].Conclusions In cases with unequally shared placenta,the distance between two cord insertions is shorter and the diameter of arterioarterial anastomoses is larger,which may compensate for their unequal placental territories,leading to no complications in these MCDA twin.