Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1?and VEGF in lung of mice during hypoxia and its relationship with angiogenesis.Methods The mice were divided into two group(hypoxia group and control group).The hypoxia group mice were placed in a hypoxia chamber with 10%,7%,or 5%O2 respectively for 3,6,9 days.Immuno- histochemical staining technique was used to examine HIF-1?,VEGF and MVD.The p rotein expression of HIF-1? and VEGF were observed by Western blot.Results HIF-1?proteins didn't express and VEGF proteins expressed weakly in control group mice;Compared with the controls,the expression of HIF-1?and VEGF increased dramadically.There were significant differences between the hypoxia groups and the control group;Positive relationships were found between the expression of HIF-1?,VEGF and MVD.Conclusion HIF-1?/VEGF pathway may play an important role in angiogenesis of hypoxia in the lung of mice.

OBJECTIVE To understand the relevant factors of nosocomial infection of inpatients in order to provide the evidence for taking measures to prevent and control the infection effectively.METHODS A retrospective survey was carried out on 10059 cases of hospitalized patients during Jan and Dec of 2008.RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients in this period was 4.3%(437/10059).The high risk infected rates were respectively as follows:24.9% in the Blood Department,15.1 % in the Tumor Department;The infection site were respiratory tract(59.3%),urinary tract(14.3%);The main pathogens were Gram negative bacteria(40.7%),fungus infection(25.4%);The risk factors mainly were usage of antibiotic drugs(40.7%),and underlying diseases of tumor(16.2%).CONCLUSIONS The effective measures for reducing the incidence of nosocomial infection should be taken.More attention should be paid on the risk factors.

Objective Based on active monitoring MRSA carriage for hospitalized patients, the relationship between colonization pressure and MRSA cross transmission in wards without rigorous contactisolation measures was analyzed, and the role of colonization pressure in predicting MRSA cross transmission was further evaluated. Methods From March to December 2009, active MRSA colonization screening was performed for 240 hospitalized patients in emergency ward and 94 cases in RICU in our hospital. rep-PCR method was employed to do homology analysis on MRSA strains obtained in this study. MRSA weekly colonization pressure, threshold colonization pressure ,cross transmission rate were calculated respectively. RR of MRSA cross transmission under higher level of colonization pressure and lower level of colonization pressure was analyzed. Results MRSA carriage rates on admission for patients in emergency wards and RICU were 6. 25% (15/2A0) and 13. 83 % (13/94) ,and MRSA cross transmission occurred in 13 weeks and 14 weeks in above two units, respectively. Threshold colonization pressures for above two units were 6. 49%and 17. 66%, respectively. For emergency ward, the MRSA cross transmission rate under higher level of colonization pressure was significantly higher than that under lower level of colonization pressure (x2 = 7. 10,P＜0. 01), the RR of MRSA transmission was 9. 61 (95% CI:1. 25-74.00). For RICU, the MRSA cross transmission rate under higher level of colonization pressure was significantly higher than that under lower level of colonization pressure(x2 = 12. 60, P＜0. 01 ), the RR of MRSA transmission was 15.87 (95% CI:2. 06-122. 10). Conclusions Higher level of colonization pressure is an important risk factor for MRSA transmission, and average colonization pressure can be used as a prediction index for MRSA transmission and strengthening prevention and control measures.

Objective To study the mutations of outer-membrane porin gerte (oprD) in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods The PCR was applied to detect the oprD gene from the 34 clinical imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.DNA sequence was proceeded to analysis the nuclentide sequence of the oprD gene and the deduced amino acid sequence.To analysis the mutation and the function of the oprD domain,those mutations were compaired with the standard Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and 2 clinical imipenem-susceptibility isolates.Results oprD gene mutation was wide and diverse.The rate of the mutation was 92.3% (12/13),mutations were concluded dot mutation,deletion mutation and insert mutation,those result in the amino sequence change and frame shift in L2 and L3 loops of outer membrane protein D,hampering the combine of oprD and imipenem.Some new mutations were found.They were 1 079,1 114,1 196,1 206,1 288,1 300,1 301 bases and 115,127,154,158,185,189 aminos.All above mutations were not deteced in ATCC 27853 and 2 clinical imipenem-susoeptibility isolates.Conclusions The wide and diverse mutations in oprD gene result in amino acid change and/or frame shift L2 and L3 loops,hampering the binding of IMP and oprD.Those may result in resistance to imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objective To analyze the influence of the mean energy and the full-width of half msximum(FWHM)of incident electron beam intensity distilbution(assumed Gaussian distribution)on depth dose curves and off-axis ratios and to derive a most optimal combination of mean energy and FWHM of incident electron beam intensity distribution.Methods The study simulated 6 MV photon beam produced by Varian 600C medical linear accelerator with OMEGA/EGSnrc by matching the relative error of calculated and measured depth dose curves past depth of maximum dose and off-axis ratios at a depth of 10.0 cm in water within 2%.Results The depth dose curves were relatively insensitive to the mean energy past depth of maximum dose and the FWHM of the incident electron beam intensity distribution.Dose profiles were sensitive tO the mean energy and FWHM.The dose profiles horns decreased as the mean energy and tlle FWHM of the ineident electron beam intensity distilbution increased.The calculated value of the depth dose curves matched well with the measured value.The calculated value of the off-axis ratio was consistent with the measured value within the radiation field.However, the maximum errors of individual measurement points in the penumbra region and OUt of the field reached 18.5%.Conclusions In the field.the most optimal combination of mean energy and FWHM of incident electron beam intensitv distribution Can be derived, however,can not be derived out of the field and in the penumbra region.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of three dividing lines in radical right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer.Methods The clinical data of 166 patients with right colon cancer (including ileocecal cancer,ascending colon carcinoma and hepatic flexure of the colon) who were admitted to the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2009 to August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Eightythree patients who underwent radical right hemicolectomy via three dividing lines were allocated to the modified group and 83 patients who underwent radical right hemicolectomy via medial approach were allocated to the control group.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissection and processing time and volume of the superior mesenteric vein (surgical trunk) hemorrhage were analyzed between the 2 groups.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview till November 2014.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s.The comparison between groups was analyzed using t test.The count data were analyzed by the chi-square test.Results The operation time in the modified group and in the control group were (75 ± 7) minutes and (109 ± 13) minutes,respectively,with a significant difference (t =-36.700,P ＜0.05).The volume of intraoperative blood loss and number of lymph node dissection in the modified group were (118 ± 15)mL and 19 ±4,which were not significantly different from (116 ±22)mL and 18 ± 3 in the control group (t =0.104,12.300,P ＞ 0.05).During D3 lymph node dissection,the incidence of hemorrhage of the superior mesenteric vein,processing time of hemostasis and volume of blood loss were 3.6％ (3/83),(7 ± 3) minutes and (103 ± 25) mL in the modified group and 9.6％ (8/83),(20 ± 5) minutes and (209 ± 37)mL in the control group,respectively.There was no significant difference in the incidence of hemorrhage of the superior mesenteric vein between the 2 groups (x2 =2.434,P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in the processing time of hemostasis and volume of blood loss between the 2 groups (t =38.100,29.200,P＜0.05).The patients were followed up for 3 months to 5 years with a median time of 22 months.Of 166 patients,23 died,11 were loss to follow-up and others survived at the end of follow-up.Conclusion Three dividing lines is safe and feasible in radical right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer,with a good clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the effects of pancreaticoenterostomy by separating and continuous suture on pancreatoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 76 patients who underwent curative pancreaticoduodenectomy from March 2002 to October 2014 in Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed.Of all the patients,43 received pancreaticoenterostomy by separating and continuous suture (study group),and the other 33 patients received BPJ anastomosis (control group).All the patients used Child reconstruction,the diagnosis of pancreatic fistula was made according to ISGPF criteria.The operation time of pancreaticoenterostomy,the incidence of hemorrhage of anastomosis and the incidence of pancreatic fistula were retrospectively analyzed.Results The age,sex,hemoglobin,albumin,total bilirubin,the incidence of co-morbidity of diabetes,extent of surgical resection between 2 groups were comparable without significant difference.In study group,the time of pancreaticoenterostomy was 11 min(8 ～ 15 min),there were 4 patients with class Ⅰ pancreatic fistula,and 1 patient with class Ⅱ pancreatic fistula.No patient developed class Ⅲ pancreatic fistula or anastomotic bleeding.In control group,the time of pancreaticoenterostomy was 16 min(12 ～25 min) which was only available for 5 patients,and no records for other patients.There were 6 patients with pancreatic fistula including 4 patients with class Ⅱ,2 patients with class Ⅲ,while no records for class Ⅰ.Four patients were found to have anastomotic bleeding.Conclusions With the pancreaticoenterostomy by separating and continuous suture method,the surgical field is fully exposed,the suture time is shortened and the incidence of anastomotic bleeding and pancreatic fistula is reduced.

Objective To improve the knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of functional insulinoma. Methods The clinical data of 12 cases of functional insulinoma in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Results For the 12 cases of functional insulinoma, preoperative fasting blood glucose and the positive rate of insulin were 92% and 89% respectively. The positive rate of IRI/G and C-Peptide reached 100%. The accuracy of the niveau diagnosis of preoperative abdomen ultrasound, CT and of MRI were 75%, 36% and 0% respectively; whereas the accuracy of localization of intraoperative palpation combined with ultrasonography reached 100%. The result of glucose increased by one time within one hour after excision and the rest excision. In the 7 follow-up cases, the symptom of hypoglycemia was not found. There were 3 cases of pancreatic fistula after operation. Conclusions For the suspected cases of functional insulinoma, the measurement of IRI/G and C-Peptide are needed besides measuring blood glucose and insulin. Intraoperative palpation and ultrasonography are effective methods of the localization of functional insulinoma. The complete resection of the insulinoma can be assessed by monitoring the change of the blood glucose after excision as well as the rapid intraoperative pathological examination.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a commonly occurring human pathogen worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover and develop new alternative agents for the management of HSV-1 infection. Tripterygium hypoglaucum (level) Hutch (Celastraceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine plant with many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and antifertility. The usual medicinal part is the roots which contain about a 1% yield of alkaloids. A crude total alkaloids extract was prepared from the roots of T. hypoglaucum amd its antiviral activity against HSV-1 in Vero cells was evaluated by cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, plaque reduction assay and by RT-PCR analysis. The alkaloids extract presented low cytotoxicity (CC_(50) = 46.6 μg/mL) and potent CPE inhibition activity, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC_(50)) was 6.5 μg/mL, noticeably lower than that of Acyclovir (15.4 μg /mL). Plaque formation was significantly reduced by the alkaloids extract at concentrations of 6.25 μg/mL to 12.5 μg/mL, the plaque reduction ratio reached 55% to 75% which was 35% higher than that of Acyclovir at the same concentration. RT-PCR analysis showed that, the transcription of two important delayed early genes UL30 and UL39, and a late gene US6 of HSV-1 genome all were suppressed by the alkaloids extract, the expression inhibiting efficacy compared to the control was 74.6% (UL30), 70.9% (UL39) and 62.6% (US6) respectively at the working concentration of 12.5μg/mL. The above results suggest a potent anti-HSV-1 activity of the alkaloids extract in vitro.

Objective To study the effect and mechanisms of chloride channel blocker 5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) on thansforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) induced human conjunctival fibroblasts (HConF) fibrosis.Methods Cell counting kit (CCK-8) was used to screen out the optimal TGF-β1 treatment time and the optimal NPPB concentration.The cells were divided into control group,TGF-β1 treatment group and TGF-β1+NPPB group.Cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometer,respectively.Cell migration ability were observed by scratch and transwell migration assays.Western blot and Real time-PCR were used to detect the expression of collagen Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ),fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).The phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt were measured by Western blot.Results TGF-β1 promotes cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner.There was no statistically significant difference in A values between 48 hours and 72 hours after TGF-β1 treatment (P =0.064).Forty-eight hours was selected as the most appropriate time for TGF-β1 treatment.NPPB inhibited HConF cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.Compared with the control group,the proliferation A values of cells in the 50 mol/L and 100 mol/L NPPB groups were significantly reduced (P =0.020,0.000),and 100 mol/L was selected as the optimal concentration of NPPB.The cell proliferation A value,migration area and migration cell number of TGF-β1 +NPPB group were significantly lower than those of TGF-β1 treatment group (all at P＜0.05).Compared with the control group and TGF-β1 +NPPB group,the proportion of G1 phase cells in the TGF-β1 treatment group was reduced,and the proportion of cells in the S phase and G2/M phase were increased,with statistically significant differences between them (all at P ＜ 0.05).The protein and mRNA expression of α-SMA,COL-Ⅰ and FN in the TGF-β1 treatment group were higher than those in the control group and TGF-β1+NPPB group,with statistically significant differences between them(all at P＜0.05);the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in the TGF-β1 treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group and TGF-β1 +NPPB group,with statistically significant differences between them (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions NPPB may inhibit TGF-β1 induced HConF fibrosis process by inhibiting phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt.