Objective To evaluate endovascular embolization with Onyx in treating brain arteriovenous malformations(AVM) located in the centre-encephalic region.Methods Eighteen patients with AVM in the brain centre-encephalic region were treated with embolization by using Onyx.According to Drake criteria of the AVM type,small type was seen in 10,medium type in 6 and large type in 2 cases.By using Onyx as embolization material,a total of 24 endovascular procedures were carried out.Results After treatment,complete obliteration was obtained in 12 cases(66.7%),disability(symptoms worsened) resulted in 2 cases(11.2%) and no death occurred.In the medium type group and the small type group complete obliteration was seen in 3(50%) and 9(90%) cases respectively,the difference between the two groups was significant(P 2 cm and the patients with the feeding artery

AIM:To investigate the effect of microRNA ( miRNA)-21 on the PC12 cells with hypoxic-ischemic damage.METHODS:The PC12 cells were cultured in vitro, and the cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was established .In accordance with the following requirements , the cells were randomly divided into control group , OGD group, negative control sequence +OGD group, miRNA-21 inhibitor +OGD group and miRNA-21 mimic+OGD group. The effects and mechanism of miRNA-21 on the protection of PC12 cells from OGD damage were determined by CCK-8 as-say, real-time PCR and Western blot .RESULTS:Decrease in the expression of miRNA-21 by transfection with miRNA-21 inhibitor inhibited the viavility of the PC 12 cells subjected to OGD damage .Increase in the expression of miRNA-21 by transfection with miRNA-21 mimic promoted the viability of the PC 12 cells subjected to OGD damage .It was further con-firmed that miRNA-21 promoted the AKT phosphorylation in OGD-damaged PC12 cells.CONCLUSION: miRNA-21 sig-nificantly increases the viability of PC 12 cells subjected to OGD damage , which may be related to the activation of PI 3K/AKT signaling pathway .

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of endovascular interventional treatment of intracranial peripheral aneurysms. Methods From January 2013 to December 2016,the clinical data of 31 patients with intracranial peripheral aneurysm admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Anhui Provincial Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Among them,12 patients had saccular aneurysms,10 had narrow-neck aneurysms,and 2 lacked clear aneurysm necks;19 patients had fusiform aneurysms,they all lacked clear aneurysm necks.Ten patients with narrow-neck saccular aneurysm were treated with coil embolization, of the 2 lacked clear neck saccular aneurysms,1 was treated with stent-assisted coil embolization,1 was treated with coil occlusion of the aneurysm and parent artery;4 patients with fusiform aneurysm were treated with coil occlusion of the aneurysms and parent arteries,11 with fusiform aneurysm were treated with Onyx glue occlusion of the aneurysms and parent arteries,and 4 with fusiform aneurysm were treated with coils in combination with Onyx glue occlusion of the aneurysms and parent arteries.They were followed up for 6 to 36 months after procedure. Results All patients were successfully treated with endovascular intervention,no rebleeding cases were found.Immediate postoperative angiography showed that 11 patients with saccular aneurysm were totally occluded.The aneurysms and parent arteries in 1 patient with saccular aneurysm and 19 with fusiform aneurysm were totally occluded.The aneurysms and parent arteries of 8 patients were occluded with Onyx glue,cranial CT revealed different degrees of cerebral infarction (6 patients without new neurological deficits,2 new neurologic deficits).CT revealed cerebral infarction in 1 patient treated with coils in combination with Onyx glue for occlusion of the aneurysm and parent artery(no new neurologic deficit),other patients did not have cerebral infarction and new neurologic deficits.DSA follow-up revealed aneurysm neck recurrence in 1 patient with saccular aneurysm,no obvious aneurysm recurrence was observed in all other patients. Conclusions Endovascular treatment of intracranial peripheral aneurysms is safe and effective.Choose what specific intervention therapy base on the aneurysm morphology,location, tortuous degree of the parent artery,and the importance of the blood supply area.

Objective:To observe the short-term efficacy and complications of flow diverter device Tubridge in the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms, and to summarize the indications and experience of Tubridge in treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Thirty-one patients with complex intracranial aneurysms accepted treatment with assistance of Tubridge in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled. Raymond grading was used to evaluate the degrees of aneurysm embolization immediately after surgery. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognoses 6 months after surgery. The embolization of aneurysms was determined in these patients by DSA 6 and 12 months after surgery.Results:Thirty-seven aneurysms were noted in these 31 patients. A total of 32 diverters (Turbridge) were implanted into these 37 aneurysms, and all of which were successfully delivered and released. Thirteen aneurysms were filled with spring coils (8 with Raymond grading I, 2 with Raymond grading II, 3 with Raymond grading III by DSA immediately after surgery), and 24 aneurysms were not filled with spring coils. Postoperative ischemic complications occurred in 1 patient, and no hemorrhagic complications or death were noted. All 31 patients had good prognosis at follow-up. Six months after surgery, DSA re-examination in 24 patients (77.4%) showed that complete occlusion of aneurysms was achieved in 17 patients (70.8%). DSA re-examination 12 months after surgery showed complete occlusion of aneurysms in 19 of the 25 patients (76%).Conclusion:The new domestic flow diverter device Tubridge has a high success rate, less perioperative complications, high safety, and good recovery in the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysm.

Objective:To observe the short-term efficacy and complications of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms treated by Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization, and preliminary explore its safety and effectiveness.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. The clinical data of 33 patients with intracranial wide-necked aneurysms, admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to August 2021, were collected. All patients underwent Neuroform Atlas stent -assisted coil embolization, including 28 patients with single stent assisted coil embolization and 5 with double stent assisted embolization. Raymond grading was used to evaluate the degrees of immediate postoperative aneurysm embolization. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to assess the prognoses 3-6 months after surgery. DSA was performed to recheck the recurrence of aneurysms and the patency of the parent artery.Results:DSA immediately after surgery showed that all aneurysms were tightly embolized (Raymond grading I). One patient developed intraoperative thrombosis, and blood flow was restored after tirofiban thrombolytic therapy, without new neurological dysfunction after surgery. Three-6 months after surgery, all patients had a good prognosis; DSA recheck was completed in 21 patients (63.6%), and no stenosis or thrombosis were found in the parent artery and no aneurysm recurrence was noted.Conclusion:The Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization in treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms has good efficacy and high safety.

Objective To analyze the risk factors related to incidence of shunt dependent hydrocephalus in patients with intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage so as to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of the 451 patients who had been treated in our hospital for ruptured intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage from January 2013 to December 2016.Of them,67 were complicated with shunt dependent hydrocephalus and 384 were not.The 2 groups were compared in terms of related clinical variables.Multivariate Logistic regression was conducted to analyze risk factors associated with incidence of shunt dependent hydrocephalus.Results The proportions of patients ＞60 years old,intraventricular hemorrhage,posterior circulation aneurysm,acute hydrocephalus and central nervous system infection were significantly higher in the patients with complicated shunt dependent hydrocephalus than in those without (P＜0.05).There were significant differences between the 2 groups in Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher grade at admission (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that posterior circulation aneurysm,acute hydrocephalus and central nervous system infection were independent risk factors for incidence of shunt dependent hydrocephalus in patients with intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Conclusion If the patients with intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are complicated with posterior circulation aneurysm,acute hydrocephalus and central nervous system infection,they are more likely to develop shunt dependent hydrocephalus.

Objective:To analyze the effect and influencing factors of embolotherapy on headache in elderly patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms.Methods:A retrospective analysis of clinical data of elderly patients(aged≥61 years)with unruptured intracranial aneurysms admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 was performed.Headache assessment was performed by a quantitative 11-point headache scale in all patients preoperatively and at 6 months after endovascular treatment, and the difference between them was analyzed.Univariate analysis was applied to test the association between headache outcomes and clinical variables.Results:A total of 73 patients(mean age: 68.4 years old; age range: 61-86 years; 47 women)fulfilled the inclusion criteria.There were 53 patients(72.6%)who presented with preoperative headache(headache score≥1). Among them, 39 cases(73.6%)had an improvement in headache, 11(20.8%)remained unchanged, and 3(5.7%)aggravated, after endovascular treatment.The average preoperative headache score was 5(4, 6) vs.postoperative 3(1, 4), with statistical significance( Z=-5.036, P=0.000). Only the preoperative headache score was associated with outcomes of headache, and a higher headache score predicted a lack of headache relief( Z=-2.819, P=0.005). Conclusions:Embolotherapy of unruptured intracranial aneurysms can relieve headache in most elderly patients.Preoperative headache severity is correlated with postoperative headache outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the application value of electroencephalogram (EEG) combined with regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO 2) in monitoring cerebral perfusion during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods:A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 42 patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis admitted to and accepted CEA in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 was performed. CEA was performed under EEG combined with rSO 2 monitoring. The efficacy and safety of EEG combined with rSO 2 in monitoring cerebral perfusion abnormalities during CEA were analyzed. Results:After carotid artery occlusion, 24 patients (57.1%) had normal EEG and rSO 2; 15 (35.7%) had abnormal changes of EEG, among whom 13 (31.0%) were accompanied by rSO 2 anomaly; 16 (38.1%) had abnormal rSO 2, among whom 13 (31.0%) were accompanied by EEG anomaly. Of these 18 patients with abnormal EEG and/or rSO 2 monitoring, 17 patients recovered after increasing their blood pressure and 1 patient recovered after diverter tube usage. Intraoperative EEG and rSO 2 monitoring results were consistent (Kappa=0.745, P=0.000). The positive rates of combined monitoring, EEG alone or rSO 2 alone were 42.9%, 35.7% and 38.1%, respectively. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically before discharge, and no new ischemic lesions or clinical symptoms were found. Conclusions:EEG and rSO 2 monitoring are well consistent in CEA; the combined monitoring can make up for the deficiency of single monitoring to increase surgical safety.