To study the alkaloid constituents in the seed of Sophora alopecuroides L. and isolation of lehmannine by transhydrogenation of sophocarbine to matrine present in the mixture. Methods　Various processes of exchange, ion exchange and column chromatograph with very similar physical and chemical properties was successfully separated by transhydrogenation. Results　5 alkaloids were obtained and identified by elementary analysis, IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR as oxymatrine, oxysophoridine, matrine, sophoridine and lehmannine (12, 13-dehydromatrine). Conclusion　Lehmannine was isolated from the seed of S. alopecuroides for the first time.

Object To study the alkaloid constituents in the seed of Sophora alopecuroides L and isolation of lehmannine by transhydrogenation of sophocarbine to matrine present in the mixture Methods Various processes of exchange, ion exchange and column chromatograph with very similar physical and chemical properties was successfully separated by transhydrogenation Results 5 alkaloids were obtained and identified by elementary analysis, IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13 CNMR as oxymatrine, oxysophoridine, matrine, sophoridine and lehmannine (12, 13 dehydromatrine) Conclusion Lehmannine was isolated from the seed of S alopecuroides for the first time

Objective:To observe the influence of the CD96 and CD71 expressions in the surface of leukemia stem cells (LSC) in the therapeutic effects and prognosis of the children with acute leukemia,and to clarify the relationships between the molecular biological characteristics of LSC in the children with leukemia and their therapeutic effects and prognosis.Methods:Eighty children with acute leukemia were selected as the subjects.Among them, 39 cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 41 cases were acute myeloid leukemia (AML).The CD96 and CD71 expressions on the surface of LSC were detected with flow cytometry;the therapeutic effects of the first cycle chemotherapy, the survival rate of 5-year, the incidence of infection after chemotherapy, the recurrence rate after chemotherapy, and the incidence of extramedullary infiltration of the children were observed and compared.Results: The CD96 expression on the surface of LSC was positive in 38 cases (47.5%) and the CD71 expression on the surface of LSC was positive in 45 cases (56.3%);the difference of positive expression rates of CD96 and CD71 was not significant (χ2=1.227, P=0.268).The positive expression rates of CD96 and CD71 on the surface of LSC of the children with AML were significantly higher than those in the children with ALL, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=22.225, χ2=34.028, P<0.01).The distribution of therapeutic effects and the clinical efficiency of the first cycle chemotherap, in the children with negative CD96 expression on the surface of LSC were superior to those with positive CD96 expression on the surface of LSC;the distribution of therapeutic effects and the clinical efficiency of the first cycle chemotherapy in the children with negative CD71 expression on the surface of LSC were superior than those with positive CD71 expression on the surface of LSC;the differences between two groups were statistically significant (χ2=11.323, χ2=16.589, P<0.05;U=2.939, U=2.291, P<0.05).The survival rate of 5-year in the children with negative CD96 expression on the surface of LSC was higher than those with positive CD96 expression;the incidence of infection after chemotherapy,the recurrence rate after chemotherapy and the incidence of extramedullary infiltration were lower than those with positive CD96 expression.The incidence of infection after chemotherapy and the recurrence rate after chemotherapy in the children with negative CD71 expression on the surface of LSC were lower than those with positive CD71 expression,and the differences between two groups were statistically significant (χ2=5.051,χ2=13.288, P<0.05).Conclusion: The expressions of CD96 and CD71 on the surface of LSC in the children with acute leukemia has relationship with the subtypes of the disease and the therapeutic effects of the first cycle chemotherapy, which can be used as markers for the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effects.The expression level of CD96 is related to the prognosis of the patients, which can be used as an indicator for predicting the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in our hospital and to explore the risk factors of ROP.Methods Premature infants hospitalized in our hospital in January 2010 to December 2012 were chosen,and the gestational ages were less than 36 gestational weeks,birth weights were under 2 500 g.All the cases underwent ROP screening at two weeks after birth,and then they received regular follow-up.Children with systemic conditions and oxygen to the mother during pregnancy,oxygen,preeclampsia,placental abruption,and other factors were analyzed.Results Two hundred and fifty-five cases completed the retinal screening,terminated follow-up after the peripheral retinal neovascularization or disease degradation.We found ROP in 16 cases (26 eyes),ROP prevalence rate was 6.3％ (5.1％),including phase Ⅰ 12 cases,phase Ⅱ3 cases,phase Ⅲ 1 case.Gestational age,birth weight,inhale oxygen time,oxygen concentration,mechanical ventilation were associated with ROP (P ＜ 0.05).Mother oxygen during pregnancy,preeclampsia,placental abruption had nothing to do with the incidence of ROP.Conclusion Premature birth,high concentrations of oxygen,mechanical ventilation are major risk factors of ROP.Timely screening of ROP and found early to do the retinal laser photocoagulation in premature,can control the disease,reduce the blindness rate of premature infants.

Brain injury in preterm infants is an important reason for making the newborn disability.Neonatal cerebral injury of imaging examination method has a time lag.Looking for a simple,timely,accurate predictor of biological markers of brain injury in preterm infants is particularly important.In this paper,the role of S100B protein,glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase of brain injury in preterm infants was reviewed,and the significance of early diagnosis of brain injury in preterm infants was discussed.

Objective To investigate the pathogen and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) under different pH value of gastric juice,and to explore the endogenous pathogenesis of VAP.Methods Ninety-eight cases were admitted in our neonatal intensive care unit from Dec 2008 to Dec 2010.According to whether VAP happened,they were divided into VAP group (52 cases) and non-VAP group (46 cases).The relation between pH value of gastric juice and the species of pathogenic bacteria in stomach was analyzed.Results The incidence of VAP was 53.1％ (52/98).The pH value of gastric juice affected the species of pathogenic bacteria in stomach.When pH ≤ 4,the major species of pathogenic bacteria were Candida and Gram-positive bacillus; and pH ＞ 4,the major species were Gram-negative bacillus.The incidence of VAP was 34.5％ (10/29) when pH≤4;on the contrary,the incidence was 60.9％ (42/69) when pH ＞ 4.The incidence of VAP at the time of pH ＞ 4 was significantly higher than that of pH ≤4 ( x2 =5.71,P =0.017).Conclusion The pH value of gastric juice is an important factor of the species of pathogenic bacteria in stomach,especially for Gram-negative bacillus,including multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria.The higher of pH value,the incidence of VAP is higher.

Objective To explore the method that can block the infection route from stomach to lung so as to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates.Methods Neonates with mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into two groups,the treatment group(40 cases) were given probiotics (Bifidobacteria) by nasogastric feeding,control group(40 cases) were given nothing.Prospective survey was performed on the incidence of VAP,gastric juice pH,gastric bacterial colonization,the homology between gastric bacterial colonization and VAP pathogen.Results The VAP incidence of treatment group and control group was 12.5％ (5/40) and 47.5％ (19/40) respectively,there was significant difference between the two groups ( x2 =10.21,P ＜ 0.01 ).The onset time of VAP in treatment group [ ( 5.4 ±2.1 ) d] was later than that of control group[ (4.3 ± 1.0) d] ( t =3.2,P ＜0.01 ).The ratio of treatment group that gastric juice dropped to pH≤3 (80.0％,32/40) was higher than that of control group(47.5％,19/40) ( x2 =11.5,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; and the ratio of gastric bacterial colonization in treatment group ( 30.0％,12/40) was lower than that in control group(80.0％,32/40) ( x2 =16.9,P ＜0.01 ).The homology ratio between VAP pathogen and colonization bacteria in treatment group (40.0％,2/5 ) was lower than that in control group (78.9 ％,15/19 ) ( x2 =8.7,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Probiotics can reduce gastric juice pH of neonates and inhibit gastric bacterial colonization.The onset time of VAP can be delayed,the incidence of VAP can be reduced effectively.