Objective To observe the effect of treating knee osteoarthritis with small needle knife plus joints washing. Methods All cases were randomly recruited into a control group(73 cases) and a treatment group(75 cases). The treatment group was treated with small needle knife plus joints washing, and the control group was treated with meloxicam and applying diclofenae extemally. Methods The curative rate showed significant difference between the two groups(X2= 19.62, P<0.01 ), while the total effective rate showed on obvious difference(X2=2.12, P>0.05 ).Results Joint function of patients in the treatment group was notable improved after the treatment (X2=9.21, P<0.01) . Conclusion The therapy with small needle knife plus joints washing has good effect in treating knee osteoarthritis.

0.05),but the difference of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),glucose(Glu)and uric acid(UA)levels was significant(P

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for determining the entrapment efficiency of gemcitabine hydrochloride liposomes(GHL).METHODS: The liposome and the free gemcitabine hydrochloride were separated by ultrafiltration,and the content of free gemcitabine hydrochloride was determined by HPLC.The entrapment efficiency of gemcitabine hydrochloride liposomes was computed as well.RESULTS: The recovery rate in ultrafiltration methods was 97.8%～100.1% for blank substance versus 99.0%～100.1% for sample.The linear range of gemcitabine hydrochloride was 1.0～80.0 mg?L-1(r=0.999 3) and its average recovery rate was 98.7～101.2%,and its inter-day and intra-day RSD were all less than 3% and its average entrapment efficiency was 81.21%.CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate and applicable for the determination of the entrapment efficiency of gemcitabine hydrochloride liposomes.

Objective To investigate therapeutic effects of transurethral ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy(TUPL).Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 320 cases of ureteral calculus treated with TUPL from September 2002 to August 2005.A Wolf F9.8 rigid ureteroscope and an EMS pneumatic ballistic lithotriptor were used.The probe was 0.8 mm or 1.0 mm in diameter.The pulse settings was 200~300 kPa.The fragmentation was conducted with single or multiple episode of treatment.Results The stone was pushed back to the renal pelvis in 6 cases and a conversion to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) was needed.The insertion of the ureteroscope was failed in 5 cases and a conversion to open surgery was required.The TUPL time was 2~10 min(mean,5.5 min) and the intraoperative blood loss was 3~15 ml(mean,7 ml).The stones were successfully fragmented on one session in 309 cases,the success rate being 96.6%(309/320).The length of postoperative hospital stay was 3~7 d(mean,4.5 d).There were 24 cases of mucosal injury of the ureter and 4 cases of false passage,all of which were cured with double-J catheter indwelling for 1 month.Follow-up examinations for 1~10 months(mean,4 months) showed stone clearance within 1 month and no ureteral stenosis or urinary infection.Conclusions Transurethral ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for the treatment of ureteral calculus is safe and effective.

Background Conventional corticosteroid therapy after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) is topical application of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops for 4 months,but this therapy increases the ocular hypertension risk and leads to poor compliance in patients.It is necessary to explore a safe and effective brachytherapeutic drug.Objective This study was to compare the clinical outcomes between the brachytherapy of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops and the long-term therapy of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops after LASEK.Methods Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 208 right eyes in 208 mild and moderate myopia patients who received LASEK at Peking University Third Hospital from 2009 to 2013.The eye drops of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate was used 6 times daily since operation day until postoperative day 5,and 4 times daily for a week,and then tapered for three consecutive weeks in 104 eyes of the loteprednol group after LASEK,and 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops was applied topically 4 times daily for initial one month and then tapered for three consecutive months in another 104 eyes in the fluorometholone group after LASEK.Corneal epithelial healing time was compared between the two groups by recording the wearing duration of corneal contact lens.Noncontact intraocular pressure (lOP) was detected and corrected 5 days,2 weeks,1 month and 3,6 months after LASEK.Haze was scored based on the criteria of Cheng under the slit lamp microscope and apparently optometry was performed 1 month and 3,6 months after LASEK.Results The number of eyes removed corneal contact lens in 5,6 and 7 days after LASEK was not significantly different between the loteprednol group and the fluorometholone group (x2 =1.180,P =0.554).No considerable differences were seen in the eye numbers with the equivalent spherical lens (absolute value) ≤0.5 D in 1 month,3months and 6 months after LASEK (Z=-1.028,P=0.304;Z=-0.398,P=0.691;Z=-0.445,P=0.656).In the fifth days after surgery,the median corrected IOP was 13.52 mmHg and 13.12 mmHg in the loteprednol group and the fluorometholone group,respectively,showing a significant difference between them (Z =-1.985,P =0.047),but no significant differences were found in IOP in 2 weeks,1 month and 3 months,6 months after surgery between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).IOP elevated (postoperative IOP-preoperative IOP ≥ 5 mmHg) after LASEK in 5 eyes in the loteprednol group and 4 eyes in the fluorometholone group (x2 =0.116,P =0.733).In 1 month after surgery,the number of eyes in different grades of haze was significantly decreased in the loteprednol group compared with the fluorometholone group (x2=13.506,P=0.009),however,there was no significant differences in haze grading in postoperative 3 months and 6 months between the two groups (x2 =2.199,P =0.699;x2 =1.154,P =0.562).Conclusions Brachytherapy of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops appears to have a similar effect in antiinflammation and inhibition of haze to the long-term therapy of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops after LASEK.Furthermore,topical application of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops dose not increase the risk of ocular hypertension.

Resulting from the shape stability, metal vascular stent has limited the vascular retraction, and subsequently prevent the unfavorable vascular remodeling. However, the metal stent requires further anticoagulant therapy after implantation, induces the hyperplasy of vascular smooth muscle cells, and cannot completely prevent the occurrence of in-stent restenosis. Surface modification of metal stent may reduce thrombogenesis. Based on the metal stent, drug eluting stent can transfer the active drugs to the damaged vessels, release them into the vascular wall and inhibit the in-stent restenosis. The eluting drugs restrain both the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the regeneration of normal endothelial cells, leading to delay the vascular endothelialization and increase the risk of delayed thrombogenesis. The effect of stent implantation on the modus and size of vascular injury varies according to different operational techniques, processing technologies and designs, thus influencing the occurrence of in-stent restenosis. It is a potential study topic of interventional therapy to develop new eluting materials and eluting drugs, modify formulation, as well as facilitate the stent structure.

Coronary stent can cause mechanical injury to tunica intima and stimulation to vessel wall, resulting to platelet and inflammatory cell aggregation and infiltration, release of inflammation mediators, chemotatic factor, adhesion molecule and growth factor, and promoting migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. The inflammatory reaction post stenting is highly correlated with intravascular restenosis. The drug-eluting stent against proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammatory reaction can reduce the intensity and duration of body inflammatory reaction, improve stent technique, relieve damage of stenting to vessel wall, and reduce incidence of intravascular restenosis.

Medicine has the close relationship with human beings.The conception of human body in medical science is quite different from that in the other fields.Therefore,the aesthetic sense of medical students has its own characteristics.And the medical science itself also asks the medical students to have the superior aesthetic culture than any other students.Thus,they can perform perfectly in the medical work that needs to contact people directly,and become the qualified doctor to maintain the human's health and rehabilitate the human's aesthetics.

How to improve the teaching quality is urgent and significant at present.Based on reforming the teaching methods,the authors have studied the new methods of medical postgraduate examination since 2005 including the assessments on practical skills,the level of mastering knowledge,self learning and innovating ability and the criterion of giving a mark,which have been applied for three years and achieved the aim and the effect in clinical electro-cardiology teaching.

Cisplatin, an efficient anticancer agent, can trigger multiple apoptotic pathways in cancer cell. However, the signal transduction pathways in response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy are complicated, and the mechanism is not fully understood. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique, the molecular mechanism of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in living human lung adenocarcinoma cells (ASTC-a-1) were investigated. After cisplatin treatment, the recombinant pFRET-Bid and pSCAT-3 probes were used to determine the kinetics of Bid cleavage and Caspase-3 activation, respectively. The fluorescence probes Bid-CFP and DsRed-Mit were also used to detect the spatial and temporal changes of Bid in real-time in sub-cell level. The results showed that a cleavage of the Bid-FRET probe occurring at about 4～5 h after treated with 20 ?mol/L cisplatin. Cleavage of the Bid-FRET probe coincided with a translocation of tBid from the cytosolic to the mitochondria, and the translocation lasted about 1.5 h. At the anaphase of cell apoptosis, Caspase-3 was activated obviously as detected by FRET and Western blotting techniques. Using real-time single-cell analysis, it was observed the kinetics of Bid and Caspase-3 activation for the first time in living cells during cisplatin-induced apoptosis.