OBJECTIVE:To study pharmacodynamics of different approaches of using low peptide of E’ jiao. METHODS: Anemia model rabbits and immunosuppressed model mice were induced by injecting with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride subcutaneously and hydrocortisone via i.p. respectively then treated with low peptide of E’ jiao (1～3 kD) via i.p., low peptide of E’ jiao of lower than 5 k and 5% E’ jiao solution via i.g. The values of Hb, RBC, WBC in model rabbits were measured after 7 days of medication and spleen weigh index was detected after 6 days of medication. The healthy mice were treated with low peptide of E’ jiao (1～3 kD) via i.p., low peptide of E’ jiao of lower than 5 k via i.g. and glucose solution via i.g. Then the load swimming time was determined after 14 days of medication. RESULTS: Chemical medicine-induced anemia was improved by 1～3 kD low peptide of E’ jiao increasing the amount of Hb. Low peptide of E’ jiao of lower than 5 k could not produce such an good effect on anemia but was eaqul to oral E’ jian in increasing the value of RBC, WBC. Low peptide of E’ jiao was helpful to or had effect on anti-fatigue and remarkably increased spleen index of mice. CONCLUSION: Low peptide of E’ jiao used by different approaches can strengthen immunity.

Objective To identify the differentially expressed microRNAs in the early transformed cells,the late transformed cells and their parental BEP2D cells.Methods The differentially expressed microRNAs in the above cells were identified by microRNAs microarray assay.Results There were 38differentially expressed microRNAs in R15H20 cells versus BEP2D cells,with 18 upregulated and 20downregulated microRNAs.R15H20 and RHT35 cells shared 25 differentially expressed microRNAs compared with BEP2D cells,with 15 down-regulated and 10 up-regulated microRNAs.There were 87differentially expressed microRNAs in RHT35 cells versus BEP2D cells,with 47 upregulated and 40 downregulated microRNAs.There were 38 differentially expressed microRNAs in RHT35 cells versus R15H20 cells with 20 upregulated and 18 downregulated microRNAs.Conclusions microRNAs are differentially expressed in the different stages of carcinogenesis of BEP2D cells induced by α particles,which suggests that microRNAs may play an important role in α particle-induced malignant transformation of BEP2D cells.

Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of Yufeng Ningxin drop pills in treating nervous headache with blood- stasis syndrome.Methods A double- blind,randomized,parallel- control and multi- center trial was carried out.Treatment group was treated by Yufeng Ningxin drop pills (15 pills,tid) and placebo tablet (5 tablets,tid); Yufeng Ningxin tablet (5 tablets,tid) and placebo drop pills(15 pills,tid) served as positive control.The course of treatment lasted 4 weeks.There were 60 patients in every group.Results No significant differences were found in total therapeutic effect rate( 90 % in both two groups) ,effective rate in relieving symptoms and signs( 95 % in treatment group and 91.6 % in control group) ,attacking frequency of headache,lasting- time of headache,average lasting- time of each time of headache,severity of headache,scoring of headache and scoring of symptoms and signs between the two groups.Conclusion Both Yufeng Ningxin drop pills and Yufeng Ningxin tablet are effective and safe in treating nervous headache.No obvious adverse reaction is found. 

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by several chromatographic techniques and identified by chemicophysical properties and spectral analyses. Results Nine flavonoid compounds had been obtained from A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. They were determined as formononetin (Ⅰ), (3R)-8, 2′-dihydroxy-7, 4′-dimethoxy-isoflavane (Ⅱ), calycosin (Ⅲ), (6aR, 11aR)9, 10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅳ), 7, 2′-dihydroxy-3′, 4′-dimethoxy-isoflavane-7-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅴ), formononetin-7-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅵ), calycosin-7-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅶ), pratensein-7-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅷ), and genistin (Ⅸ), respectively. Conclusion Compound Ⅷ is obtained from the plants of Astragalus Linn. for the first time and compound Ⅱ is obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅶ show cell multiplication activity.

Objective: To investigate the implementation and evaluate the effectiveness of health management services for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Urumqi City from 2017 to 2021, so as to provide the reference for enhancing T2DM patients management. Methods: Data on the rates of record establishment, health management and standardized management for T2DM patients, and blood glucose control rate in managed patients in Urumqi City from 2017 to 2021 were collected through the quarterly reports on basic public health service management from the Weining Health Platform System. The trends in the four management indicators, and the differences between urban and rural areas were analyzed. Results: The rates of record establishment, health management and blood glucose control rate in managed patients in Urumqi City were 46.94%, 38.37% and 59.92%, respectively, showing upward trends from 2017 to 2021 (all P<0.05). The rate of standardized management was 75.89%, showing a downward trend (P<0.05). The rate of record establishment was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (47.76% vs. 40.56%, P<0.05). The rates of standardized management and blood glucose control in managed patients were lower in urban areas than in rural areas (75.18% vs. 81.46%, 58.93% vs. 67.64%, both P<0.05). The rate of health management was 38.39% in urban areas and 38.24% in rural areas, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The trends in the rates of record establishment, health management and standardized management in both urban and rural areas were consistent with those in the overall population. Conclusions From 2017 to 2021, the rates of record establishment, health management and blood glucose control in managed patients in Urumqi City showed upward trends, while the rate of standardized management exhibited a downward trend. There were urban-rural differences in the rates of record establishment, standardized management and blood glucose control in managed patients.

In order to discover the mechanism of Xuebijing oral effervescent tablet (XBJOET) to treat infectious diseases, the effect of XBJOET on endotoxin induced rabbit fever and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was investigated. Auricle microcirculation in rabbit was detected by laser speckle blood perfusion imager system; coagulation function was measured by coagulation analyzer, fibrinolytic system was quantified by Elisa assay and micro thrombosis in tissues was observed with HE staining under light microscope. The results demonstrated that the body temperature of rabbit decreased significantly at 1-3 h after administration with 4.8, 2.4 and 1.2 g x kg(-1) XBJOET to endotoxin induced DIC rabbit model, the auricle microcirculation blood flow in model group (54.45 +/- 14.53) PU was lower than that in control group (77.18 +/- 12.32) PU. The auricle microcirculation blood flow increased markedly and there was significant difference between model group and 1.2 g x kg(-1) XBJOET group. There was significant difference between model group and control group in the content of PAI1 and FIB. The PAI1 levels in model and control groups were (30.48 +/- 2.46) ng x mL(-1) and (20.93 +/- 3.25) ng x mL(-1), respectively. The FIB levels in model and control group were (3.34 +/- 1.09) g x L(-1) and (4.84 +/- 1.10) g x L(-1), respectively. The content of PAI1 in rabbit plasma decreased notably, there were significant differences between model group and 4.8, 2.4 g x kg(-1) XBJOET groups. On the contrary the content of FIB increased. XBJOET possessed pharmacological activities of curing infectious fever and DIC, the mechanism of which is related to amelioration of microcirculation disturbance, inhibition of fibrinolytic system activation and coagulation and micro thrombosis elimination.

BACKGROUND:There is no unified measure of bone tissue mechanical property test at present. The study concerning traditional sensor for fracture displacement had some problems such as low precision, and high consumption cost.
OBJECTIVE:To measure the displacement of plate and screw after internal fixation for fracture of humerus using digital speckle method.
METHODS:A total of eight humeral specimens were taken. The steel plate fixation model in the humerus 1/2 was made. The specimens were fixed using eight-hole steel plate, and four screws were fixed on each end of fracture line. Five conditions of experimental model were designed for comparative analysis. Condition a:compression plate fixation group (not saw off, to simulate fracture healing). Condition b:on the basis of sawing off in condition a, one screw was removed on the proximal end. Condition c:on the basis of condition b, one screw was removed on the distal end. Condition d:on the basis of condition c, one screw was removed on the distal end. Condition e:on the basis of d, one screw was removed on the distal end. The screws were numbered No. 1-8 from top to bottom. That is, the screws on upper fracture line were numbered No. 1-4, and those on the lower fracture line were numbered No. 5-8. The specimens were instal ed on electronic universal testing machine, and loaded 100 N and 500 N. The displacement was calculated using the related software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Significant differences in total displacement were detected under different loads (F=49.155, P<0.001). With increased load, the total displacement of the fourth and fifth screws gradual y increased under five kinds of conditions. These indicated that the two screws on the two ends of the fracture line endured more stresses (stress concentration), and easily broke. It would be better to choose the screw with the screw diameter of 1-2.5 mm bigger than the present one in order to increase its stability to avoid the breakage of screws.

Objective To evaluate the effects of four types of variance reduction techniques ( ring counter grid, high electron cutoff energy, termination of electron tracking in some structures, and emission direction?biased sampling of source) on the efficiency and accuracy of Monte Carlo simulation for the single source channel of the Leksell Gamma Knife. Methods The single source channel of the Leksell Gamma Knife was modeled using Monte Carlo software MCNP . Four types of variance reduction techniques were used to simulate the dose distribution in the water?like phantom. The computation efficiency and simulation result were compared between the four techniques. Results All techniques substantially improved the computation efficiency and had little effect on the accuracy of the simulation ( relative error less than 2. 5%) . However, if the electron cutoff energy was above 50 keV, the simulation became quite inaccurate due to neglect of the scattering of high?energy electrons and their dosimetric contribution to the penumbra. When the scattering of high?energy electrons and their dosimetric contribution to the penumbra were ignored, the dose to the Profile platform was overestimated and the dose to the penumbra was underestimated. Conclusions Rational use of variance reduction techniques can substantially improve the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulation for the single source channel of the Leksell Gamma Knife. However, the impact of variance reduction techniques on the accuracy of the simulation should be carefully evaluated.

Objective To develop whole breast irradiation with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-based hybrid intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after breast conserving surgery for breast cancer,and to evaluate its value in clinical application.Methods Ten patients with breast cancer undergoing breast conserving surgery were enrolled.Two radiotherapy plans were designed based on hybrid fixed-beam IMRT/IMRT technique and hybrid VMAT/IMRT technique,respectively.One group received whole breast irradiation with a prescribed dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions.The other group received whole breast irradiation with a prescribed dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions,as well as simultaneous integrated boost to the tumor bed with 60 Gy in 25 fractions.The dosimetric parameters and delivery efficiency were compared between the two plans using paired t test.Results For patients treated with whole breast irradiation alone,there were no significant differences in conformity index and homogeneity index of target volume between the two plans (P=0.866,0.056);however,compared with the hybrid fixed-beam IMRT/IMRT technique,the hybrid VMAT/IMRT technique significantly increased the doses to organs at risk (OARs) and the number of monitor units (MUs) in the intensity-modulated field (P=0.000-0.050,P=0.002).For patients treated with whole breast irradiation with a simultaneous integrated boost to the tumor bed;however,the hybrid VMAT/IMRT technique significantly reduced the doses to the lung and spinal cord,number of MUs in intensity-modulated field,and delivery time compared with the hybrid fixed-beam IMRT/IMRT technique (P=0.004,0.001,0.000,0.000).Conclusions For patients treated with whole breast irradiation with a simultaneous integrated boost to the tumor bed,the hybrid VMAT/IMRT technique is highly promising for clinical application due to better OAR sparing and higher delivery efficiency.

Objecttve To compare the positional and volumetric differences of planning target volumes(PTVs)based on axial three-dimensional CT(3D-CT)and four-dimensional CT(4D-CT)for the primary tumor of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Sixteen NSCLC patients with lesions located in the upper lobe and 12 patients with lesions in middle and lower lobes,totally 28 patients, initially underwent three-dimensional CT scans followed by 4D-CT scans of the thorax under normal free breathing.PTVvector was defined on gross tumor volume (GTV) contoured on 3D-CT and its motion vector. The clinical target volumes(CTVs)were created by adding 7 mm to GTVs,then, internal target volume (ITVs)were produced by enlarging CTVs isotropically based on the individually measured amount of motion in the 4D-CT,lastly,PTVs were created by adding 3 mm setup margin to ITVs. PTV4D was defined on the fusion of CTVs on all phases of the 4D data.The CTV wag generated by adding7 mm to the GTV on each phase.then,PIVs were produced by fusing CTVs on 10 phases and adding 3 mm setup margin.The position of the target center,the volume of target and the degree of inclusion(DI)were compared reciprocally between the PTVvector and the PTV 4D The difference of the position,volume and degree of inclusion of the targets between PTVvecter and PTV4D were compared,and the relevance between the relative characters of the targets and the three-dimensional vector was analyzed based on the groups of the patients. Results The median of the 3 D motion vector for the lesions in the upper lobe was 2.8 mm, significantly lower than that for the lesions in the middle and lower lobe ( 7.0 mm, z = - 3. 485, P < 0. 05 ). In the upper lobe group there was only significant spatial difference between the PTVvector and PTV4D targets in the center coordinate at the x axe (z = -2. 010, P < 0. 05 ), while in the middle and lower lobes there was only significant spatial difference between the PTVvector and PTV4D targets in the center coordinates at the z axe (z = -2. 136,P <0.05). The median of ratio of PTV4D and PTVvector, of the upper lobe group was 0. 75, significantly higher than that of the middle and lower lobes group (0. 52, z = - 2. 949, P < 0. 05 ).A significant correlation was found for the motion vector and the ratio of PTV and PTV4D in both groups ( r = - 0. 638, - 0. 850, P < 0. 05 ). For all patients, the median of D[ of PTV4D in PTVvector was 66. 39% ,while the median of DI of PTVvector, in PTV4D was 99. 55% , both showed a positive significant correlation with the motion vector (r = -0. 814,0. 613 ,P < 0. 05). Conclusions PTV4D defined based on 4D-CT simulation images is obviously less than PTV defined based on 3D-CT simulation images. The ratio and DI of both targets are related with the three-dimensional motion vector of the tumor.