Objective: To explore the working methods of clinical pharmacists for improving the rationality of drug use through participating in individualized treatment practice for the patients with tumor.Methods: Clinical pharmacists participated in the individualized treatment of the patients with tumor, found out adverse drug interactions, adjusted dosage for the renal insufficiency patients, treated infection or pain and corrected inappropriate drug combination, etc.Results: Clinical pharmacists provided integrated pharmaceutical care and offered medical advice in accordance with the individualized information of patients, which improved the treatment effect and avoided potential adverse drug reactions or adverse events.Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists provide pharmaceutical care and participate in the performance of individualized treatment for cancer patients, which can effectively improve the level of drug treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Yang’s pricking-cupping bloodletting in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and its effect on trapezius tension.Methods Seventy-eight patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 39 cases each. The treatment group received pricking-cupping bloodletting and the control group, conventional acupuncture plus cupping. The nerve function was scored, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was recorded and trapezius tension was measured in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the nerve function score, the VAS score and trapezius tension in the two groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the VAS score and trapezius tension between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 94.9% in the treatment group and 89.7% in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in theclinical therapeutic effect between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Yang’s pricking-cupping bloodletting can effectively improve pain symptoms and trapezius tension in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.

Objective To identify the differentially expressed microRNAs in the early transformed cells,the late transformed cells and their parental BEP2D cells.Methods The differentially expressed microRNAs in the above cells were identified by microRNAs microarray assay.Results There were 38differentially expressed microRNAs in R15H20 cells versus BEP2D cells,with 18 upregulated and 20downregulated microRNAs.R15H20 and RHT35 cells shared 25 differentially expressed microRNAs compared with BEP2D cells,with 15 down-regulated and 10 up-regulated microRNAs.There were 87differentially expressed microRNAs in RHT35 cells versus BEP2D cells,with 47 upregulated and 40 downregulated microRNAs.There were 38 differentially expressed microRNAs in RHT35 cells versus R15H20 cells with 20 upregulated and 18 downregulated microRNAs.Conclusions microRNAs are differentially expressed in the different stages of carcinogenesis of BEP2D cells induced by α particles,which suggests that microRNAs may play an important role in α particle-induced malignant transformation of BEP2D cells.

Objective:To explore the participation ways of clinical pharmacists in clinical drug treatment to improve the rationality of drug use through the involvement in the drug treatment of patients with liver injury induced by hepatitis B virus reactivation caused by chemotherapy .Methods:Clinical pharmacists provided advice on drug use in accordance with evidence -based medicine , developed in-dividualized treatment program with clinicians and promoted clinical rational drug use .Results:Clinical pharmacist gave advice to cli-nicians based on the causes of liver function damage , hepatoprotective and anti HBV drug selection and evidence-based medicine , and the liver function of the patient was recovered rapidly .Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can provide pharmaceutical service , partici-pate in individualized treatment of cancer patients , avoid delay of effective drug treatment , and effectively improve drug treatment level and medical quality .

OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in tumor pain management for patients receiving tumor pain palliative radiotherapy. METHODS:In prospective randomized controlled study, 60 patients with tumor pain who received palliative radiotherapy in radiotherapy department of our hospital from June 1,2013 to May 31,2014,according with the selection criteria,were randomized into observation group(30 cases)and control group(30 cases). Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of observation group;provided pharmaceutical care for doctors;and recorded drug treatment,pain evaluation,medica-tion compliance,Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)and quality of life(QOL)of 2 groups. RESULTS:On the 5th day,the pain remission rate of observation group reached 63.3%,and was significantly higher than that(36.7%)of control group(P<0.05). 1 month treatment later,pain remission rate of 2 groups reached 70% and 80%,respectively (P>0.05). At the same time,KPS, QOL and medication adherence were all improved significantly,compared with before treatment(P<0.01 or P<0.05),and medi-cation adherence of observation group was obviously better than that of control group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The participa-tion of clinical pharmacists in the pain management can obviously improve medication compliance,relieve pain more effectively, and promote rational drug use.

Objective:To explore the clinical pharmaceutical care for cancer pain management. Methods: The intervention time of clinical pharmacists was determined. A comprehensive evaluation of cancer pain, physical function and life quality of patients was performed, the compliance of patients was scored, and individualized pharmaceutical service was carried out,consultation and sugges-tion on analgesics and adjuvant drugs were provided for doctors, and finally, the effect of pharmaceutical care was assessed. Results:Clinical pharmaceutical care could promote the rational drug use and improve the medical quality. Conclusion:Through the research of clinical pharmaceutical care for pain management,clinical pharmacists can play a practical and effective role in the pain treatment and management.

Aim To evaluate the antitumor activity of dianhydrogalactitol ( DAG) in vitro, and further clarify its underlying mechanisms. Methods The inhibitory effect of DAG in NCI-H460 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. The morphology of cells treated with DAG was observed under optical mi-croscope. Nuclear morphology was captured by fluores-cence microscopy after Hoechst 33342 staining. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression level of topoisomerase Ⅱ ( Topo Ⅱ) mRNA. The protein ex-pression level of Topo Ⅱ was detected by Western blot. Additionally, molecular docking approaches were used to predict the interaction between DAG and TopoⅡ. Results DAG exhibited potent antitumor activity in NCI-H460 cells, and inhibited cell proliferation per-sistently. DAG obviously induced nuclear morphologi-cal changes of NCI-H460 cells. Furthermore, DAG could down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression level of Topo Ⅱ detected by Real-time PCR analysis and Western blot, respectively. Molecular docking predicted that DAG could bind to Topo Ⅱ. Conclu-sion DAG can significantly inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H460 cells, and its underlying mechanisms may involve the down-regulation of Topo Ⅱ mRNA and di-rect binding to Topo Ⅱ, leading to cancer cell death.

Objective To evaluate the image quality and registration accuracy of a three?dimensional ( 3D ) dynamic phantom in four?dimensional computed tomography ( 4DCT ) and four?dimensional cone?beam computed tomography ( 4DCBCT) . Methods The Computerized Imaging Reference Systems Dynamic Thorax Phantom Model 008A was scanned to get 4DCT and 4DCBCT images. Two balls with different diameters ( ?= 1 cm and ?= 2 cm) were used to simulate tumors with different sizes. The motion mode of the balls was 3D sinusoidal motion at 0?25 Hz ( the amplitudes along the x, y, and z axes were ±1?0 cm, ±0?4 cm, and ±0?2 cm, respectively). Gross target volumes (GTVs) from 10?phase bins, internal gross target volumes (IGTV), and target volumes on maximum intensity projection (MIP) and mean intensity projection (MeanIP) images were contoured and calculated. Target volumes on 4DCT or 4DCBCT images were compared with the static and dynamic volumes of the balls ( VS and VD ) . The matching index ( MI) of target volumes between the 4DCT and 4DCBCT images was analyzed after rigid image registration. Results The GTV in each phase of the image was larger than VS . The difference between the average GTV derived from 10 phases of 4DCT or 4DCBCT images and Vs of the small ball was larger than that of the large ball ( 35?03% vs. 22?66%;32?62% vs. 17?00%) . All the IGTVs and target volumes on MIP images were slightly larger than VD , but target volumes on MeanIP images were smaller than VD . The average MI of 10?phase bins of the small ball was smaller than that of the large ball ( 66?76% vs. 82?21%) . Moreover, MIs of IGTV,MIP, and MeanIP of the small ball were also smaller than those of the large ball ( 77?39% vs. 90?29%;75?90% vs. 89?28%;74?47% vs. 82?74%) . Conclusions In the case of a relatively small tumor volume and a relatively large motion amplitude, 4DCT and 4DCBCT should be used with caution for comparison of image registration.

Objective To investigate the expression of sphingosine kinase 1(SphK1)and NF-κB in colon carcinoma tissues and their correlation with clinicopathologic features.Methods Sixty-six paraffinembedded colon carcinoma samples and 66 fresh colon carcinoma samples were tested using immunohistochemistry,RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results In 66 fresh colon carcinoma samples,the positive rate of SphK1 and NF-κB mRNA expression were 84.85％(56/66)and 74.24％(49/66),while the positive rate of SphK1 and NF-κB protein detected by Western blot were 78.79％(52/66)and 69.70％(46/66).The positive rates were higher than those in the adjacent tissues[mRNA:63.64％(42/66),48.49％(32/66);protein:57.58％(38/66),45.45％(30/66)]and the normal mucosa [mRNA:42.42％(28/66),25.76％(17/66); protein:36.36％(24/66),24.24％(16/66)],with statistical significances(all P values ＜ 0.05).The mean expressive levels of SphK1 and NF-kB mRNA and protein in colon carcinoma were both significantly higher than those in the adjacent tissues and the normal mucosa(mRNA:0.55±0.06 vs0.35 ±0.05 vs0.25±0.05,0.75 ±0.06 vs0.43±0.05 vs0.30±0.04 ; protein:0.77 ± 0.05 vs 0.38 ± 0.06 vs 0.12 ± 0.03,0.45 ± 0.08 vs 0.23 ± 0.05 vs 0.13 ± 0.03 ;all P values ＜ 0.05).There was a close correlation between SphK1 and NF-kB expression levels (r =0.459,P =0.036).The results of immunohistochemistry were similar to those of RT-PCR and Western blot.Overexpression of SphK1 and NF-κB in colon carcinoma was related with depth of invasion,distant and lymph node metastasis and Dukes'stages(all P values ＜0.05).The expression of SphK1 was also related with differentiation(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Overexpression of SphK1 and NF-κB may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of colon carcinoma.Moreover,SphK1 and NF-κB may be correlated with the invasion and metastasis of colon carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in Yantai and their mechanisms of resistance to macrolides.METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility of S.pneumoniae was determined by agar dilution method.Phenotypes of macrolide-resistant S.pneumoniae were determined using double disk test with erythromycin and clindamycin disks.ermB And mefE genes were amplified by PCR.RESULTS Among 42 strains of S.pneumoniae,65.0% were intermediate to and no strain was resistant to penicillin.The resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 93.0%,respectively.Of 41 erythromycin resistantstrains,93.0% were constitutive resistant.ermB Was detected in 40 strains and mefE in 1 strain,both ermB and mefE genes were found in 9 strains.CONCLUSIONS The resistance rate of S.pneumoniae to penicillin is high in Yantai area,the resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin are very high.Target modification by ermB methylase is the predominant mechanism in macrolide-resistant S.pneumoniae in Yantai.