Objective To study microinflammatory status in patients of end-stage renal disease undergoing maintained hemodialysis (MHD) and the relationship between microinfl-ammatory status of end-stage renal disease and anemia, malnutrition, left ventricular function in maintained hemodialysis patients. Methods One hundred patients undergoing hemodialysis were divided into non-microinflammation group ( hs-CRP ≤ 3 mg/L) and microinflammation group ( hs-CRP > 3 mg/L) . The serum levels of hs-CRP, albumin, triglyceride ( TG) , total cholesterol(TC) , lipoprotein(a) [LP( a)] and serum creatinine ( SCr) were measured. The levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were measured. The left atrial (LAD)and ventricular diameter(LVD) ,interventricular septum thickness (IVST) ,left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) ,left ventricular ejective fraction (EF), ratio of E/A were measured by color Doppler echocardiography, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured in different 5 stages, and their relation were analysed. Results ①The levels of Hb, Hct, Alb in microinflammation group were lower than those in the control group(t =2. 83 ,P <0.01; t=2.34, P<0.05;t = 5.30,P <0.01, respectively), the level of LP(a) was higher than that in the non-microinflammation group(t = 2. 68, P < 0. 05 ). ②The levels of LAD, LVD, LVPW, IVST, LVMI in the elevated microinflammation group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), the levels of EF and E/A were lower than those in the non-microinflammation group ( P < 0. 05 ) .③ Blood serum hs-CRP concentration was negatively correlated with the level of Hb,Hct(r= -0. 283,P <0. 05;r = -0. 308,P <0.05;r = -0.387,P< 0. 01, respectively ) , and positively correlated with LP ( a ) ( r = 0.427, P < 0. 05 ) . Blood serum hs-CRP concentration was positively correlated with LVD,IVST,LVMI (P <0. 05) and negatively correlated with EF,E/A (P<0.05). ④hs-CRP, Hb, Hct, Kt/V, Alb, Lp(a) ,SBP and PP were risk factors of abnormal left ventricular structure and function. Conclusions In patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, the persistent increase of hs-CRP indicates the presence of microinflammation hs-CRP might.be a indicator of the anemia, nutrition status and left ventricular structure and function. Elevated hs-CRP is an independent risk factor of abnormal left ventricular structure and function.

Seventeen monoclonal antibodies specific for P.falciparum were tested for their ability 10 inhibit the multiplication of a partially synchronized culture of P. falciparum by parasite counts. Seven of these antibodies, ranging from culture supernatant and ascitic fluid to purified IgG, were shown to have a dose-depsndent inhibitory effect on parasite growth in vitro. At a final concentration of 0.6 mg/ml, the inhibitory capacity of purified IgG was above 90% over a 3-day culture period, greater than that of the relevant polyclonal antibodies. These monoclonal antibodies caused agglutination of free merozoites, multiple invasion of merozoites within a single erythrocyte, and/or degeneration of schi-zonts, suggesting that there may be several acting points of the inhibitory monoclonal antibodies. However, the mechanisms of action of the inhibitory antibodies varied with different monoclonal antibodies.

0.05). Monoclonal antibodies with spot-or pin-like fluorescence and honeycomb-like bright fluorescence on thc cdge of the mature parasite, recognizing surface antigens of free merozoite and segmenter, exhibited cxcellent protective activities.

The capacity of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) obtained from mice infected or immunized with Plasmodium berghei to produoe reactive oxygen species and its related biological basis was investigated, using luminol-dependent zymosan-triggered chemiluminescence (CL). CL response of PEC from infected mice increased at the early stage but was significantly dcpressed at the later course of the infection. A similar biphasic activity of peroxidase was observed in PEC from infected mice. On the other nand, PEC from immunized mice exhibited concomitant increases of the ability to produce CL, the activity of peroxidase and the expression of Fc and C3 receptors on cell surface. Compared with the controls, PEC from immunized mice showed an elevated CL background, responded more rapidly to the stimulation and generated considerably higher CL when triggered with opsonized zymosan. The data suggest that phagocytes in immunized mice are aotive in the production of reactive oxygen species while those in the infected ones are less active, and the inhibition of the ability of phagocytes to produce reactive oxygen species may be one of the me-chanisms for the parasites to escape the host immune system.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) isolated from sera of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei by precipitation with polyethylene glycol were examined for their ability to stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species by peritoneal exudate (PEC) of normal mice, using luminol-aided chemilnminescence (CL). CIC were found to be capable of stimulating the production of CL by normal mouse PEC. Weaker CL reiponses were observed when PEC were incubated with P. berghei soluble antigens. Normal mouse IgG and IgG1, IgG2b subclasses showed no effect on the stimulation of the production of CL. When normal mouse PEC were preincubated with CIC, their CL responses to opsonized zymosan were significantly depressed to 34% of the control level. The data suggest that CIC are capable of stimulating phagocytes to release reactive oxygen species and mediating pathological tissue damage.

Since the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique to interfere neu-ral activity of brain, the combination of TMS and other neuron-imaging techniques has been widely used, espe-cially in cognitive research. Electroencephalogram (EEG) occupies a special position in this field due to its higher time resolution and lower experimental cost. The present paper reviews the application of TMS-EEG combined technique from the aspects of the main research topics, simultaneous recording, artifacts elimination, data pro-cessing and so on. Current problems and possible solution related to this technique are also discussed in the pa-per. With those new related solutions being put forward, more achievements will be obtained in the research area of TMS-EEG combined technique.

Thrombin activated fibrinolysis inhibitor ( TAFI) is a kind of plasma enzymes that can be activated by thrombin.TAFI regulates blood coagulation and fibrinolysis and has a strong fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory ac-tivity.Its inhibitor is expected to minimize the risk of bleeding when thrombolytic recanalization .Also, studies found that TAFI played an important role in the development of cerebral thrombosis;atherosclerosis and so on .

JAK/STAT includes many types of cell factors. Growth factor signal transduction is an important pathway and widely participates in cell multiplication, differentiation, and immunity adjustment. Aberrant-activated JAK/STAT signaling pathway is in-volved in carcinogenesis. Recent studies demonstrated that abnormal expression and activation of STAT3 were found in lymphoma. Constitutive activation of STAT3 promotes development, invasion, and metastasis of cancer. AG490, a JAK2 inhibitor, can block the JAK/STAT3 signal pathway and reduce the pathway's downstream STAT3 expression. Several studies showed that AG490 can inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis in lymphoma. AG490 combined with chemotherapy drugs could improve sensitivity. In our study, we reviewed the potential role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway and the blocker AG490 in lymphoma.

The lateral wall,a new concept in the study of trochanteric hip fractures,has a great influence on the choice of internal fixation methods,stability of the fracture and prognosis of the patients.Currently,the research on the lateral wall focuses on the factors leading to its rupture,its anatomical features and its effect on internal fixation,but results in controversial views which are mostly influenced by the subjective and experimental factors.This review deals with how the concept of lateral wall was proposed,the importance and anatomical features of lateral wall,the causes for lateral wall rupture and current treatment perspectives of trochanteric hip fractures,aiming at increasing the awareness of the lateral wall among orthopedic surgeons and related researchers.

The causes of dizziness and vertigo were complex.The traditional diagnostic paradigm was based on symptom quality- what do you mean dizzy? According to this system,a patient with vertigo has a different list of possible causes than those who endorselightheadedness.The new diagnostic paradigm was based on their description of the timing,triggers of symptom strengthened the context of the vertigo medicine.More emergency physicians (EPs) lacked a significant knowledge regarding bedside examination and extensively convinced neuroimaging,resulting in misdiagnosis of serious causes such as stroke,unnecessary use of neuroimaging,and failure to institute specific treatment for many patients with inner ear causes of dizziness.This article focuses on how to use bedside physical examination to more accurately diagnose patients who present with acue dizziness,vertigo,or other similar vestiblar symptoms.This,in turn,could lead to lower rates of misdiagnosis,decrease utilization of expensive imaging studies,and increase in prompt,and correct treatments,thereby to improve patient outcomes.