CD44 is a trans-membrane glycoprotein widely expressed on many kinds of cell from epithelial,mesenchymal,hematopoietic and mesodermal tissues.It was originally identified as a lymphocyte homing molecule and found to play an important role in physiological and pathological processes such as hematopoiesis,immune response(lymphocyte activation and homing),development,wound healing,inflammation and tumor migration.This review outlines the structure and functions of CD44 especially it's functions in cancer development.

OBJECTIVE:To study pharmacodynamics of different approaches of using low peptide of E’ jiao. METHODS: Anemia model rabbits and immunosuppressed model mice were induced by injecting with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride subcutaneously and hydrocortisone via i.p. respectively then treated with low peptide of E’ jiao (1～3 kD) via i.p., low peptide of E’ jiao of lower than 5 k and 5% E’ jiao solution via i.g. The values of Hb, RBC, WBC in model rabbits were measured after 7 days of medication and spleen weigh index was detected after 6 days of medication. The healthy mice were treated with low peptide of E’ jiao (1～3 kD) via i.p., low peptide of E’ jiao of lower than 5 k via i.g. and glucose solution via i.g. Then the load swimming time was determined after 14 days of medication. RESULTS: Chemical medicine-induced anemia was improved by 1～3 kD low peptide of E’ jiao increasing the amount of Hb. Low peptide of E’ jiao of lower than 5 k could not produce such an good effect on anemia but was eaqul to oral E’ jian in increasing the value of RBC, WBC. Low peptide of E’ jiao was helpful to or had effect on anti-fatigue and remarkably increased spleen index of mice. CONCLUSION: Low peptide of E’ jiao used by different approaches can strengthen immunity.

OBJECTIVE:To study the resistance physiological responses of seedling of Scrophularia ningpoensis to the stress caused by saline and alkali at different concentrations. METHODS:The seedling of S. ningpoensis was placed in the illumination in-cubator,in which the temperature was maintained at(20±2)℃,light-dark cycle at 13 h/11 h and illumination intensity at 2 000 lx. The alkali (NaHCO3) of 50,100,150,200 and 250 mmol/L and the saline (NaCl) of 50,100,150,200 and 250 mmol/L were poured once every 4 days for 16 consecutive days. The growth indexes(plant height,fresh weight,dry weight),chlorophyll (Chl) content,antioxidative indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),peroxidase (POD),hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),malonaldehyde (MDA),membrane penetration (RMP)],and osmotic regulation physiological indexes [soluble sugar (SS),soluble protein(SP)and proline(Pro)] of the seedling were determined. There set a blank control group(distilled water). RESULTS:For saline concentration higher than 50 mmol/L and alkali concentration higher than 150 mmol/L,the seedling height, fresh weight and Chl content were lower;for saline concentration higher than 100 mmol/L and alkali concentration higher than 150 mmol/L,the dry weight of the seedling was lower. For saline concentration of 50 mmol/L and alkali concentration of 150 mmol/L, the activities of SOD and POD were the strongest;for saline concentration of 150 mmol/L and alkali concentration of 50 mmol/L, the activity of CAT was the strongest. The contents of H2O2 and MDA increased and the content of SP decreased with the increase in saline-alkali concentration. The level of RMP increased therewith,that is to say,membrane stability decreased. For saline concen-tration higher than 100 mmol/L and alkali concentration higher than 150 mmol/L,the accumulation of SS terminated;for saline and alkali concentrations higher than 100 mmol/L,the accumulation of Pro terminated,however,the content of Pro was markedly high-er in the above-said alkali concentration than in that saline concentration. CONCLUSIONS:Saline-alkali stress causes the tissues of S. ningpoensis to produce active oxygen and its cytoplasmic membrane system to be damaged. Chl,enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD,CAT and POD,and osmoprotectants such as Pro and SS can buffer saline-alkali stress to some degree. The maximum concen-trations of NaCl and NaHCO3 that seedling of S. ningpoensis can tolerate are 50 mmol/L and 150 mmol/L respectively.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of exogenous abscisic acid(ABA)on salt-alkali tolerance of Scrophularia ning-poensis seedlings,and to provide theoretic evidence for cultivating S. ningpoensis in salt-alkali soil. METHODS:50 S. ningpoensis seedlings were divided into control group,salt-alkali group(75 mmol/L),salt-alkali(75 mmol/L)+ABA low-concentration,medi-um-concentration and high-concentration groups(10,50,100 μmol/L),with 10 plants in each group. 20 days after transplanting, the plants were sprayed with drugs every 4 days. Growth indexes of the plants(length of stem,fresh weight,dry weight,survival rate),physiological indexes [the contents of chlorophyll,soluble sugar (SS),soluble protein (SP) and free proline (Pro)],the contents of MDA and H2O2,the activities of antioxidase [the activities of SOD,POD,CAT,GR] and the contents of Na+ and K+in stem and root were determined in each group 2 weeks later. RESULTS:Compared with control group,stem height and survival rate of S. ningpoensis seedlings,SP,the contents of Na+ and K+ in the stem,the contents of Na+,CAT and GR in the roots were all decreased significantly in salt-alkali group;while chlorophyll,Pro,MDA and H2O2 contents,the content of K+ in the roots and the activities of SOD and POD were all increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with salt-alkali group,stem height of S. ningpoensis seedlings,fresh weight and chlorophyll content were increased significantly in salt-alkali+ABA medium-concentra-tion group,while MDA and the content of Na+ in the stem were decreased significantly;dry weight,the contents of SS and SP, the activities of SOD and CAT were increased significantly in salt-alkali+ABA low-concentration and medium-concentration groups, while the SS content was increased in salt-alkali+ABA high-concentration group;stem height and dry weight were decreased signifi-cantly in salt-alkali+ABA high-concentration group;Pro content of salt-alkali+ABA low-concentration and high-concentration groups were decreased significantly;H2O2,Na+ content in the roots were decreased significantly in salt-alkali+ABA low-concentra-tion,medium-concentration and high-concentration groups;while GR activity,K+ content in the stem and roots were increased sig-nificantly;POD activity were decreased significantly in salt-alkali+ABA medium-concentration and high-concentration groups. CON-CLUSIONS:The addition of a certain concentration of exogenous ABA can effectively increase salt-alkali tolerance of S. ningpoen-sis seedlings and strengthen the ability of the plant adapting to salt-alkali environment.

Objective To explore the possible correlation between periodontal disease and carotid arteries atherosclerosis in old people,and to study the diagnostic value for periodontal disease using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT).Methods Patients underwent multi-detector row CT angiography with carotid arteries atherosclerosis (control group) and without carotid arteries atherosclerosis (case group) were evaluated with the stereoscopic configuration of teeth,and the number of decayed teeth and lost teeth were recorded.Results Bythe 3D reconstruction technique,the number of decayed teeth and lost teeth between two groups were significantly different (P＜0.05).The number of dental integrity patients was higher in control group (19 cases) than in case group(7 cases).The mean of dental caries was higher in control group(7.3±3.0) than in case group(6.0±2.1).The mean of hypodontia was higher in control group(45 cases) than in case group(39 cases) (P＜0.05).Conclusions The 3D reconstruction technique of MSCT is a new method to display the stereoscopic configuration of teeth.The periodontal disease is significantly related with carotid arteries atherosclerosis in old people.

Objective : To learn the regulatory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum JX025073.1 on intestinal flora and blood lipid in mice, so as to provide the basis for the nutritional intervention of probiotics in hyperlipidemia population. Methods : Thirty male ICR mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and a intervention group. The mice in the control group were fed with basic diet, and in the other two groups were fed with high fat diet. The mice in the intervention group was given 0.4 mL of Lactobacillus plantarum JX025073.1 fermentation liquid by gavage every day, and in the other two groups were given 0.4 mL of normal saline. The body weight of mice, the mass of heart, liver, spleen and kidney organs were weighed, and the organ index was calculated. The contents of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol/triglyceride ( TG ), low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) in serum, TC, TG in liver and in feces were determined by biochemical analyzer. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli in feces were cultured and counted. Results : After 42 days, compared with the control group, The mice in the model group had higher body weights, higher levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in serum, higher levels of TC, TG in liver and in feces, more Escherichia coli, less Bifidobacterium and less Lactobacillus ( P<0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the mice in the intervention group had lower body weight, lower levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in serum, lower levels of TC in liver, less Escherichia coli, higher levels of TC in feces, more Bifidobacterium and more Lactobacillus ( P<0.05 ). Conclusion Lactobacillus plantarum JX025073.1 can effectively regulate the blood lipid and intestinal flora of mice fed with high fat diet.

OBJECTIVETo cultivate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from fetal bone marrow and examine their pluripotentiality.

METHODSBone marrow mononuclear cells from human fetal femur were collected by Percoll gradient centrifugation. The low density cells including MSCs were cultivated and expanded in MSCGM media. The characteristics of the multipotent MSCs were observed by implanting them into nude mice for 4 weeks.

RESULTSHuman fetal marrow MSCs were successfully cultivated and differentiated in vivo into many kinds of tissues such as bone, cartilage, adipose, skeletal muscle and tendon-like tissue.

CONCLUSIONHuman fetal marrow MSCs were multipotent stem cells.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Mesoderm ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Transplantation, Heterologous

The incidence of colorectal cancer is high among the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment for colorectal cancer of old people. However, controlled trials with large sample size evaluating the effect of TCM are rare.

OBJECTIVE:To study the resistance effect of LaCl3 on different varieties of mint under saline-alkali stress with dif-ferent concentrations,and provide theoretical and experimental basis for its planting. METHODS:NaCl saline stress and NaHCO3 alkali stress with low,medium,high concentrations(25,50,100 mmol/L)were conducted for 4 kinds of mint [Mentha haploca-lyx Briq.,Mentha spicata Linn.,Monarda didyma L.,Mentha rotundifolia (Linn.)huds]. Growth indexes (survival rate,plant height,fresh weight and dry weight)were determined,and mint species with good resistance were screened. The effect mechanism of La3+ on growth indexes in saline-alkali stress with different concentrations,osmotic regulation indexes [soluble sugar(SS),solu-ble protein (SP), proline (Pro)], antioxidant activity indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT)],the yield of volatile oil,and resistance were determined. RESULTS:After saline-alkali stress,M. didyma and M. rotundi-folia had low survival rate,which were not suitable for growth under given climatic conditions. For M. haplocalyx and M. spicata, saline-alkali stress with low concentration can significantly increase the growth indexes under no artificial intervention. La3+ can sig-nificantly increase the yield and CAT activity under no stress. Compared with non-spraying La3+group,the SOD,CAT,POD activi-ties of mint added La3+ under saline stress with low,medium,high concentrations,plant height and fresh weight under alkali stress with high concentration,SOD activity and SS content under alkali stress with medium,high concentrations,and POD activity un-der alkali stress with medium concentration were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS:Spraying La3+ can significantly improve the growth of M. haplocalyx and M. spicata under alkalized soil with medium,high concentrations. Mentha haplocalyx Briq. is se-lected as the mint specy with the best saline-alkali resistance.

【Objective】To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Aikeqing Capsule(AC) combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIS).【Methods】Eighteen AIDS patients were equally randomized into two groups.Both of Groups A and B were given HAART,and group A received AC additionally.T lymphocyte subtypes were detected,scores of symptoms and signs and scores of symptoms and tongue feature as well as pulse condition were counted,body weight was examined and quality of life was evaluated with Karnovsky score before treatment and after treatment for 3 months and 6 months.Meanwhile,blood routine analysis,hepatic function,renal function and serum amylase content were examined to evaluate the safety of AC.【Results】After treatment,T lymphocytes subtypes were improved in the two groups(P0.05).In group A,symptoms and signs scores decreased(P