Objective To confirm the immunomodulatory effect of ursolic acid on normal and immunosuppressive mice caused by cyclophosphamide.Methods We assayed the function of T lymphocyte transformation with MTT test,examined the function of B lymphocyte with hemolysis spectrophotography,determined the function of non-specific immunity with phagocytosis of macrophages,and measured the content changes of Th_(1) cytokine IL-2 and Th_(2) cytokine IL-6 in serum with ELISA.Results Ursolic acid had a suppressant effect on the function of humoral immunity and enhanced cell-mediated immune response at the low dosage but presented opposite effect at the high dosage in normal mice.Ursolic acid significantly improved immune function on immunosuppressive mice caused by cyclophosphamide(P

Objective To research the clinical therapeutic effect and side effect of gesterol- pingyangmycin cream in interventional therapy of hysteromyoma. Methods 110 cases of hysteromyoma underwent interventional therapy who were divided randomly into two groups:group A with polyvinyl alcohol particle and group B with gesterol-pingyangmycin cream .By percutaneous catheterization in bilateral uterine arteriae using the technique of Seldinger,polyvinyl alcohol particle or gesterol-pingyangmyci cream were injected to blodk up the blood supply of hysteromyoma.The volume of hysteromyomas was measured with B-mode ultrasonography prior and post-treatment.The reaction of post-treatment and the changes of menstrual blood volume were observed . Results The menstruation turned to normal and or menstrual blood volume reduced obviously in two groups , the total effective rate was 95.49 . The volume of hysteromyomas diminished to 45.81 and 51.80 in 3 and 6 months,respectively after treatment.There was significant difference between prior and post-treatment(P

Objective To evaluate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their relation with tumor invasion and metastasis in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (TCCB). Methods Immunohistochemistry of EliVision were respectively used to determine the MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in tumor tissues of 46 patients with TCCB and 14 cases of control group which were screened quantitatively (3-5 cm of surrounding tumor) between August 2006 and August 2008. Results Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in TCCB are obviously higher than the normal control group (P <0.01), expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in level Ⅱ,Ⅲ are obviously higher than in level Ⅰ (P <0.01), but there was no significant relationship between high stage or level Ⅲ and low stage or level Ⅱ (P >0.05). Conclusion The positive expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor tissues correlated with the malignant degree, invasion and metastasis of TCCB, MMP-2, MMP-9 could be useful indicators for the assessment of prognosis of TCCB.

AIM:To establish a liquid chromatography method for determining the monosaccharide composition of human lipoproteins, and to investigate the differences between diabetic patients and healthy participants.METHODS:Liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization was used to determine the neutral and basic monosaccharides, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was applied to quantify N-acetylneuraminic acid content.RESULTS:The contents of mannose, glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, galactose and N-acetylneuraminic acid in high-density lipoprotein from healthy participants and diabetic patients were (5.88 ±0.94),(16.49 ±4.11),(1.31 ±0.33), (0.87 ±0.16), (7.18 ±1.64), (2.14 ±0.12) mmol/(g protein) and (8.68 ±0.39), (24.73 ±5.50), (1.91 ±0.54), (1.23 ±0.35), (9.73 ±2.85), (3.53 ±0.27) mmol/(g protein), respectively.The contents of mannose, glu-cosamine,N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, galactose and N-acetylneuraminic acid in low-density lipoprotein from healthy par-ticipants and diabetic patients were ( 29.20 ±3.57 ) , ( 50.77 ±4.72 ) , ( 5.28 ±0.64 ) , ( 10.06 ±1.37 ) , ( 28.44 ± 3.96),(6.86 ±0.11) mmol/(g protein) and (30.08 ±3.78), (38.52 ±6.38), (3.79 ±0.78), (7.63 ±1.50), (20.05 ±2.63), (6.45 ±0.18) mmol/(g protein), respectively.The contents of mannose, glucosamine, glucose, ga-lactose and N-acetylneuraminic acid in very-low-density lipoprotein from healthy participants and diabetic patients were (91.21 ±4.12), (27.05 ±2.34), (4 230.95 ±15.83), (43.40 ±3.75), (2.95 ±0.24) mmol/(g protein) and (82.40 ±0.51), (30.16 ±0.32), (4 722.73 ±93.27), (34.05 ±2.81), (4.42 ±0.15) mmol/(g protein), respec-tively.CONCLUSION:Liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization is suitable for the neutral and basic mono-saccharide analysis in human lipoproteins, and the glycosylation of lipoproteins in diabetic patients are significantly changed compared with the healthy controls.

Objective To evaluate the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2 O3 ) on the proliferation of human renal carcinoma cell line 786-O ,and to explore the changes of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway .Methods Human renal cancer cells 786-O was cultured in 96-well plates ,and divided into the control group (n= 45 holes) and the experimental group (n= 45 holes) .After stimulation by 1 μM As2 O3 and saline ,the cells in 15 holes were collected at 0 ,12 ,and 24 h .BrdU assay was performed to quantify DNA synthesis to evaluate the cells proliferation ,the quantitative PCR was used to measure PI3K and Akt relative mRNA expression ,and Western blot was used to quantify the relative expression levels of of intracellular PI 3K and Akt .Results After 12 ,24 h of As2 O3 stimula-tion ,the amount of DNA synthesis in the observation group was gradually lower than that of the DNA synthesis at 0 h(P<0 .05) and significantly lower than that of the control group at 12 h and 24 h(P<0 .05) .At 0 ,12 ,24 h ,the relative expression level of in-tracellular PI3K and Akt mRNA and protein in the observation group had no significant difference (P>0 .05) ,and the relative ex-pression levels of PI3K and Akt mRNA and protein in the control group were increased as the proliferation was gradually increased . Conclusion As2 O3 inhibits human renal carcinoma cell line 786-O proliferation through inhibiting the PI3K-Akt transduction path-way ,and has potential clinical value for the treatment of kidney cancer .

Objective To seek a optimization method for lung cancer planning with Helical TomoTherapy for reducing the low dose area of total lung.Methods CT images of thirty patients with unilateral lung cancer were selected.Seven plans (Groups A,B,C,D,E,F and G) were generated for each patient using an identical optimization procedure with the conditions that implemented contralateral lung with unblocked (control group),1/4 directional block,1/2 directional block,directional block,1/4 complete block,1/2 complete block and complete block,respectively.The benefits in different schemes of reducing the low dose area of normal lung tissue were estimated,in order to provide a reference treatment plan scheme in clinical.Results Groups B,C,D and E had less influence on the target than that of group A.And there were no statistical difference between the target dosimetric parameters.The median dose and average dose of group F were increased within 0.5 Gy.The conformal index of group G had great influence on the target.The low dose area of total lung were reduced effectively in Groups C,D,E,F and G,the average decrease of V5 and V10 was 8.06％-45.26％ and 6.21％-33.95％,respectively.The V20 decreased by 1.71％-3.78％ in directional block group,while V20 increased in complete block group (2.07％-5.07％).The single treatment time was increased by 8.51％-79.22％.Conclusions The results showed that the low dose area of total lung was higher for the plan without any block limitation.It could reduce the low dose area of total lung with directional block.We should lengthen the blocking arc of contralateral lung with directional block based on the fractional treatment time and the patient's physical condition.A certain arc of contralateral lung with complete block could effectively reduce low dose area.When complete block was used,it is suggested that the arc was no more than half of the contralateral lung.

BACKGROUND:Calcium phosphate bone cement has been applied to clinical surgery because of its good biocompatibility and osteoconduction. However poor mechanical properties and lack of osteoinductivity limit its wide application.
OBJECTIVE:To develop calcium phosphate cement incorporated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) loaded silk fibroin microspheres (SFM), which is a kind of new injectable bone graft material with slow-release function, and evaluate its physical and chemical properties and cel compatibility.
METHODS: Empty SFMs were prepared with emulsion solvent evaporation to absorb NAC solution of different concentrations by NAC-SFM and the concentration of NAC at the maximum drug loading ratio was determined. Then, NAC-SFM was loaded into calcium phosphate bone cement to test the drug release propertiesin vitro. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were cultured on the surface of NAC-SFM calcium phosphate bone cement and cel attachment and growth were observed by scanning electron microscope. Additionaly, MC3T3-E1 cels were cultured with three kinds of bone cement extracts (calcium phosphate cement, SFM-calcium phosphate cement, NAC-SFM-calcium phosphate cement, as wel as cultured in theα-minimum essential medium containing a volume fraction of 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicilin-streptomycin double antibody as the control. MTS assay was used to evaluate cel proliferation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Microspheres in the composite bone cement presented with smooth surface, same size, diffused distribution and no obvious destroy. Thus, the SFM could remain stable in the reaction process of the composite bone cement. The double slow release system which contained silk fibroin microspheres and calcium phosphate bone cement showed a significant decrease in the cumulative release percentage of NAC within the first 24 hours compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In the next 28 days, the release speed of NAC was significantly lower in the NAC-SFM-calcium phosphate cement group than the calcium phosphate cement group (P< 0.05). In addition, different extracts had no significant cytotoxicity to the growth of MC3TC-E1 cels. Thus, the NAC-SFM-calcium phosphate cement has good cytocompatibility, which provide a new insight into the development of bone repair biomaterials.

BACKGROUND:Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) possess the bio-degradation and osteoconduction, and its final hydration product, hydroxyapatite, is the main inorganic constituent of bones. However, its poor mechanical property makes it unable to be used for repairing weight-bearing bone defects. OBJECTIVE:To develop a kind of bioactive bone cements with decent biomechanical property and biocompatibility. METHODS:6%silk fibroin aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (0, 10 and 25 mmol/L) were prepared. Each cement sample was prepared by mixing the curing liquid andα-tricalcium phosphate powder with the ratio of 0.4 mL:1 g;α-tricalcium phosphate powder mixed with ddH2O as control group. The compressive strength, setting time of the cements were measured. The crystal components of the cements were characterized using X-ray diffraction and the microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscope. MC3T3-E1 cel s were seeded onto the material in each group, and cel morphology was observed under scanning electron microscope at 24 hours. MC3T3-E1 cel s were cultured in the extract of each material, cel proliferation was detected at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, and the lactate dehydrogenase level was detected at 1 and 3 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope showed that the final hydration products ofα-tricalcium phosphate in al specimens were hydroxyapatite. When the concentration of N-acetylcysteine was 25 mmol/L, the compressive strength of the material reached (49.39±1.68) MPa, with the initial setting time of (21.77±1.07) minutes and the final setting time of (31.88±1.69) minutes. There was no significant difference in cel morphology among cements. These results suggest that the cement containing N-acetylcysteine exhibites good biocompatibility and high mechanical strength.

Objective To observe the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on exflagellation of malaria parasite. Methods The level of parasitemia and gametocytemia in DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii 17XL was measured by scanning Giemsa-stained blood smears, and the NO level in culture supernatant of splenocytes was checked using Griess reaction. The mice were injected with different doses of NO donor (NOC5) on day 4 post-infection, and control mice were injected with NOC5 precursor. On day 6 post-infection, mice were injected with NOS inhibitor (L-NMMA), and control mice were injected with D-NMMA and PBS, respectively. Blood samples were collected from tail vein of mice before injection, 30 and 60 min after being injected with NOC5 and NOC5 precursor, 4 and 8 h after being injected with L-NMMA, D-NMMA, and PBS respectively. Exflagellation number of gametocytes in blood culture was counted under microscope. Results The NO level in culture supernatant of splenocytes from mice on day 4 and 6 post-infection was 16.5 mmol/L and 30.4 mmol/L, and exflagellation number was 11.33 and 0.66, respectively. The number of exflagellation in parasitized erythrocytes, obtained from mice on day 4 post-infection, was 5.33 and 2.66, respectively, 30 and 60 min after injection of 1 mg NO donor (NOC5), significantly lower than that of the control (P

Objective To evaluate the image quality and registration accuracy of a three?dimensional ( 3D ) dynamic phantom in four?dimensional computed tomography ( 4DCT ) and four?dimensional cone?beam computed tomography ( 4DCBCT) . Methods The Computerized Imaging Reference Systems Dynamic Thorax Phantom Model 008A was scanned to get 4DCT and 4DCBCT images. Two balls with different diameters ( ?= 1 cm and ?= 2 cm) were used to simulate tumors with different sizes. The motion mode of the balls was 3D sinusoidal motion at 0?25 Hz ( the amplitudes along the x, y, and z axes were ±1?0 cm, ±0?4 cm, and ±0?2 cm, respectively). Gross target volumes (GTVs) from 10?phase bins, internal gross target volumes (IGTV), and target volumes on maximum intensity projection (MIP) and mean intensity projection (MeanIP) images were contoured and calculated. Target volumes on 4DCT or 4DCBCT images were compared with the static and dynamic volumes of the balls ( VS and VD ) . The matching index ( MI) of target volumes between the 4DCT and 4DCBCT images was analyzed after rigid image registration. Results The GTV in each phase of the image was larger than VS . The difference between the average GTV derived from 10 phases of 4DCT or 4DCBCT images and Vs of the small ball was larger than that of the large ball ( 35?03% vs. 22?66%;32?62% vs. 17?00%) . All the IGTVs and target volumes on MIP images were slightly larger than VD , but target volumes on MeanIP images were smaller than VD . The average MI of 10?phase bins of the small ball was smaller than that of the large ball ( 66?76% vs. 82?21%) . Moreover, MIs of IGTV,MIP, and MeanIP of the small ball were also smaller than those of the large ball ( 77?39% vs. 90?29%;75?90% vs. 89?28%;74?47% vs. 82?74%) . Conclusions In the case of a relatively small tumor volume and a relatively large motion amplitude, 4DCT and 4DCBCT should be used with caution for comparison of image registration.