AIM:To compare three different solvent extraction procedures affecting the extraction rate of polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.). METHODS: We used single factor experiments, optimized the extraction process of polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) by alkali solution and ethanol-alkali solution, respectively, and contrasted the two methods with the water extraction method that had been reported, determined the extraction rate of polysaccharide by optimum condition of three kinds of solvent. RESULTS: These results showed that ethanol-alkali extraction procedure had the highest extraction rate, 1.12 times more than water extraction procedure and 1.06 times more than alkali extraction procedure. CONCLUSION: Ethanol-alkali extraction procedure is a high effective and stable for polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.).

Objective To study the role of psychological factors in the onset of psoriasis,to investigate the role of monoamine substances in the course of psychological factors-associated psoriasis,and to reveal the psychoneurologic pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods The psychological factors were assessed with life events scale and questionnaire of A character.The serum levels of norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA)and5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results It was shown that there was an overall tendency of weak A character and moderate depression and anxiety in psoriasis patients.The concentrations of NE,DA and5-HIAA were higher in psoriatic patients than those in normal controls(P

Objective To confirm the immunomodulatory effect of ursolic acid on normal and immunosuppressive mice caused by cyclophosphamide.Methods We assayed the function of T lymphocyte transformation with MTT test,examined the function of B lymphocyte with hemolysis spectrophotography,determined the function of non-specific immunity with phagocytosis of macrophages,and measured the content changes of Th_(1) cytokine IL-2 and Th_(2) cytokine IL-6 in serum with ELISA.Results Ursolic acid had a suppressant effect on the function of humoral immunity and enhanced cell-mediated immune response at the low dosage but presented opposite effect at the high dosage in normal mice.Ursolic acid significantly improved immune function on immunosuppressive mice caused by cyclophosphamide(P

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Wenshen Xiaochuan Paste Recipe (WXPR) in preventing bronchial asthma, and to explore the mechanism. Methods Eighty patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Each group had 40 patients. The control group was treated by conventional western medicine such as inhalation of steroid, and the treatment group was given oral use of WXPR based on the treatment for the control group. Treatment for both groups covered 60 days, and the follow-up lasted 10 months. The clinical outcomes included the clinical efficacy and immune indexes of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and CD4+/CD8+ratio, and the serum IgE level. Results (1) After treatment and 12 months later, the scores of asthma control test (ACT ) in the two groups were increased obviously as compared with those before treatment, and there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . The differences of ACT scores between the two groups were insignificant after treatment ( P>0.05) , but were significant ( P<0.05) 12 months later. (2) Within one year after treatment, the frequency of acute asthma attack was decreased in both groups (P<0.05 compared with that before treatment), and the treatment group had better effect on decreasing the attack frequency than the control group (P<0.05). (3) After treatment, the serum IgE, CD4+level, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were decreased significantly, while CD8+ level was increased in the treatment group, and there were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05 compared with those before treatment). However, the differences of immune indexes in the control group were insignificant before and after treatment ( P>0.05). The improvement of immune indexes in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion WXPR has good clinical efficacy in preventing and treating bronchial asthma. The mechanism is related with the inhibition of airway inflammation and improvement of immune function probably through regulating T lymphocyte subsets and lowering serum IgE level in asthma patients.

In this study,we summarized airway management of a series of patients with inhalation injury caused by smoke from smoke pot based on grade classification,which were:establishment of a special team for these classified patients,classifying the patients into four sub-groups including extremely severe,severe,moderate and mild,establishment of a program for trachea management and relevant measures on these classified sub-groups.Key points of management on extremely severe patients were as follows:protective isolation,mechanical ventilation,nursing of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema,prevention of tracheo-esophgeal fistula,nursing cooperation of fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Key points of management on severe patients were as follows:disinfection and isolation,rational oxygen therapy,sputum elimination management,observation of illness status,preparation of emergency treatment,prevention and nursing of complications.Key points of management on moderate patients were as follows:ventilation,oxygen uptake,aerosol inhalation,sputum elimination guidance,respiratory function training.For mild patients,there was no special management except ventilation,aerosol inhalation and regular pulmonary function examination.One patient died due to multiple organ failure complicated with massive hemoptysis,four patients recovered with airway scar proliferation and lung fibrosis,and fifty-five patients fully recovered.

OBJECTIVE To provide laboratory evidence for the prevention and control of coagulase negative staphylococcus(CNS),and study the distribution and drug resistance of CNS in our hospital.METHODS CNS of inpatients from Oct 2005 to Dec 2007 was isolated and identified with ATB Expression microbe identification and drug sensitivity system.RESULTS A total of 354 strains of CNS were isolated,from the main samples of secretion,sputum,blood and cerebrospinal fluld.The isolation rate from departments of pediatrics,ICU,orthopedics and neurology were 9.90%,9.30%,9.00% and 5.60%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS CNS is playing a significant role in nosocomial infection.The drug resistance of CNS is very serious.To pevent nosocomial infection,it is critically important to monitor the antimicriobial resistance of CNS and use autibiotics more rationally.

Platinum-based anticancer drugs have been becoming one of the most effective drugs for clinical treatment of malignant tumors for its unique mechanism of action and broad range of anticancer spectrum. But, there are still several problems such as side effects, drug resistance/cross resistance and no-specific targeting, becoming obstacles to restrict its expanding of clinical application. In recent years, supramolecular chemistry drug delivery systems have been gradually concerned for their favorable safety and low toxicity. Supramolecular macrocycles-platinum complexes increased the water solubility, stability and safety of traditional platinum drugs, and have become hot focus of developing novel platinum-based anticancer drugs because of its potential targeting of tumor tissues/organs. This article concentrates in the research progress of the new drug delivery system between platinum-based anticancer drugs with three generations of macrocycles: crown ether, cyclodextrin, cucurbituril and calixarene.

Background and purpose:It was reported that zinc ifnger protein 139 (ZNF139) was expressed aberrantly in gastric cancer. But the relationship between ZNF139 and multidrug resistance (MDR) of gastric cancer is still not clear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the expressions and signiifcance of ZNF139, MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-π in human gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR. Methods: The expressions of ZNF139, MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-πwere determined with RT-PCR and Western blot in SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cell lines. Then siRNA recombinant plasmid of targeting ZNF139 gene was constructed and imported into gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/ADR, and the expressions of MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-πwere tested simultaneously. Results:The expressions of ZNF139, MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-πwere higher in SGC7901/ADR than in SGC7901(P<0.05). ZNF139 was inhibited obviously after siRNA-ZNF139 was transfected into SGC7901/ADR, and expression of MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-πdecreased(P<0.05). Conclusion:ZNF139 may be invovled in multidrug resistance (MDR) of gastric cancer by up-regulating MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp and GST-π.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM ) based vancomycin dose adjustment in patients with gram‐positive infections .Methods A cohort study was designed with 128 inpatients undergoing TDM in Huashan Hospital from January 2005 to September 2014 .The clinical data of these patients were used to analyze the efficacy and safety of vancomycin therapy by Cox model and survival analysis .Results The patients undergoing TDM‐based dose adjustment had a higher daily dose and blood trough concentration ,which may lead to better bacteriological efficacy and overall efficacy .Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that TDM‐based dose adjustment is a protective factor .No safety‐related risk factor was found .Conclusions TDM‐based vancomycin dose adjustment is important for patients to achieve better outcomes in fighting gram‐positive infections .

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on ultraviolet A-induced senescence as well as matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and-3 (MMP-3) mRNA expressions in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs).Methods HDFs were isolated from the prepuce by enzymatic digestion, and subjected to primary culture.Cultured HDFs were randomly divided into several groups: control group cultured in high-glucose DMEM medium and receiving no treatment, three TMP groups treated with 20, 50 and 100 mg/L TMP respectively, UVA group receiving UVA radiation alone, UVA + TMP groups pretreated with 20, 50 and 100 mg/L TMP respectively for different durations followed by UVA radiation.UVA radiation was given once daily for 5 consecutive days.The 55th passage HDFs served as the P55 group (senescence control group).Subsequently, CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of HDFs in vitro, optical microscopy to observe the morphologic changes of HDFs after UVA radiation, β-galactosidase staining to estimate the senescence in HDFs, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR to quantify the mRNA expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in HDFs.Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by least significant difference (LSD)-t test or Dunnett's T3 test.Results Compared with the control group, the proliferation of HDFs was significantly but transiently inhibited in vitro after the treatment with 100 mg/L TMP for 48 hours (P ＜ 0.05), but showed no significant changes after the treatment with 20 or 50 mg/L TMP for 24, 48 or 72 hours or after the treatment with 100 mg/L TMP for 24 or 72 hours (all P ＜ 0.05).The pretreatments with TMP of 20, 50 and 100 mg/L for 24, 48 and 72 hours all promoted the proliferation of HDFs to a certain degree in the UVA + TMP groups compared with the UVA group, with significant differences in cellular proliferative activity among the UVA group, UVA + TMP groups and control group at 24, 48 and 72 hours (F =17.451,15.231, 23.535, all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the UVA group, the proliferative activity of HDFs was significantly increased in UVA + 100-mg/L TMP group at 24, 48, 72 hours, UVA + 50-mg/L TMP group at 24 and 72 hours and UVA + 20-mg/L TMP group at 72 hours.After repetitive UVA radiation, HDFs in the UVA group experienced an increase in cell volume, granule acount, and β-galactosidase expression, which was similar to the changes in the P55 group, while the pretreatments with 20, 50 and 100 mg/L TMP for 24 hours suppressed these UVA-induced changes in HDFs.The percentage of β-galactosidase-positive HDFs was 68.417％ ± 1.181％ in the UVA group, 58.167％ ± 5.620％ in the UVA + 20-mg/L TMP group, 45.167％ ± 5.502％ in the UVA + 50-mg/L TMP group, 43.000％ ± 2.000％ in the UVA + 100-mg/L TMP group, 33.667％ ± 5.865％ in the control group, and 76.000％ ± 6.557％ in the P55 group, with significant differences among these groups (F =45.918, P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore, the UVA group significantly differed from the UVA + TMP groups and control group in the percentage of β-galactosidase-positive HDFs and mRNA expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3 (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TMP can protect HDFs against senescence induced by repetitive UVA radiation, and down-regulate the mRNA expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3 during senescence.