White matter injury and abnormal maturation are thought to be major contributors to the neurodevelopmental disabilities observed in children and adolescents who are born preterm. By using water molecules diffuse technology, diffuse tensor imaging can assess the features of white matter maturation, at the same time, it can reveal the types and mechanisms of cerebral white matter injury.

Objective To study microinflammatory status in patients of end-stage renal disease undergoing maintained hemodialysis (MHD) and the relationship between microinfl-ammatory status of end-stage renal disease and anemia, malnutrition, left ventricular function in maintained hemodialysis patients. Methods One hundred patients undergoing hemodialysis were divided into non-microinflammation group ( hs-CRP ≤ 3 mg/L) and microinflammation group ( hs-CRP > 3 mg/L) . The serum levels of hs-CRP, albumin, triglyceride ( TG) , total cholesterol(TC) , lipoprotein(a) [LP( a)] and serum creatinine ( SCr) were measured. The levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were measured. The left atrial (LAD)and ventricular diameter(LVD) ,interventricular septum thickness (IVST) ,left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) ,left ventricular ejective fraction (EF), ratio of E/A were measured by color Doppler echocardiography, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured in different 5 stages, and their relation were analysed. Results ①The levels of Hb, Hct, Alb in microinflammation group were lower than those in the control group(t =2. 83 ,P <0.01; t=2.34, P<0.05;t = 5.30,P <0.01, respectively), the level of LP(a) was higher than that in the non-microinflammation group(t = 2. 68, P < 0. 05 ). ②The levels of LAD, LVD, LVPW, IVST, LVMI in the elevated microinflammation group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), the levels of EF and E/A were lower than those in the non-microinflammation group ( P < 0. 05 ) .③ Blood serum hs-CRP concentration was negatively correlated with the level of Hb,Hct(r= -0. 283,P <0. 05;r = -0. 308,P <0.05;r = -0.387,P< 0. 01, respectively ) , and positively correlated with LP ( a ) ( r = 0.427, P < 0. 05 ) . Blood serum hs-CRP concentration was positively correlated with LVD,IVST,LVMI (P <0. 05) and negatively correlated with EF,E/A (P<0.05). ④hs-CRP, Hb, Hct, Kt/V, Alb, Lp(a) ,SBP and PP were risk factors of abnormal left ventricular structure and function. Conclusions In patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, the persistent increase of hs-CRP indicates the presence of microinflammation hs-CRP might.be a indicator of the anemia, nutrition status and left ventricular structure and function. Elevated hs-CRP is an independent risk factor of abnormal left ventricular structure and function.

Objective To observe the effect of treating knee osteoarthritis with small needle knife plus joints washing. Methods All cases were randomly recruited into a control group(73 cases) and a treatment group(75 cases). The treatment group was treated with small needle knife plus joints washing, and the control group was treated with meloxicam and applying diclofenae extemally. Methods The curative rate showed significant difference between the two groups(X2= 19.62, P<0.01 ), while the total effective rate showed on obvious difference(X2=2.12, P>0.05 ).Results Joint function of patients in the treatment group was notable improved after the treatment (X2=9.21, P<0.01) . Conclusion The therapy with small needle knife plus joints washing has good effect in treating knee osteoarthritis.

CD44 is a trans-membrane glycoprotein widely expressed on many kinds of cell from epithelial,mesenchymal,hematopoietic and mesodermal tissues.It was originally identified as a lymphocyte homing molecule and found to play an important role in physiological and pathological processes such as hematopoiesis,immune response(lymphocyte activation and homing),development,wound healing,inflammation and tumor migration.This review outlines the structure and functions of CD44 especially it's functions in cancer development.

Objective To explore the risk factors of fungal lung infection in the elderly.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 60 elderly patients with fungal lung infection admitted by Gulou Hospital Affiliated to Medial College of Nanjing University.The pathogenic bacteria and risk factors of fungal lung infection in the elderly were investigated.Results Candida albicans was the main pathogenic bacteria of fungal lung infection in the elderly,and the onset of fungal lung infection was probably related with the following factors: the existence of chronic background diseases,the application of antibiotics,hypoproteinemia,and the application of glucocorticoids.Conclusion Candida albicans is the main pathogenic bacteria of fungal lung infection in the elderly,and the existence of chronic background diseases,the application of antibiotics,hypoproteinemia and the application of glucocorticoids may be the independent risk factors of fungal lung infection in the elderly.Chinese medicine shows advantages for the treatment of fungal lung infection in the elderly.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome(AH),and pro-vide reference for clinical rational drug use.Methods AH cases induced by oral allopurinol administration were col-lected by dermatologists from January 1995 to January 2015 in our hospital,and 6 cases of the AH were statistically analyzed.Results All cases of AH were male and characterized by skin lesions,fever and damage of liver and kidney function.Although promptly managed,1 case of AH was mainly systemic damaged and died of multiple organ failure and the rest of those cases recuperated.Conclusion AH is an severe complication induced by allopurinol.The clini-cal medication should be strictly monitored in accordance with the instructions to reduce the incidence of AH and ensure medication safety.

Lysosomes are organelles that extensively exist in cells of animals and plants. The outer boundary of lysosomes is the unit membrane that surrounds high electron dense substances. The chief components of lysosomes are a variety of hydrolases that can hydrolyze many intracellular components including macromolcular substances produced by cell itself and organic substances that come from extracellular environment. Therefore, the function of lysosomes is to degrade exogenous materials (heterophagics) and endogenous materials (autophagies). Moreover, lysosomse play an important role in the physiologic, pathlogic, pharmacologic and immunologic processes. The present review describes the enzymes within the lysosomes and explains the morphology and function of the primary lysosomes.

Objective To observe the effect of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)for diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods FFA results of 85 cases(161 eyes)were retrospectively analyzed.The distribution of DR,the dis-tribution of non -perfusion (NP),the relationship between diabetic maculopathy (DM)and different DR period were studied.Results The ratios of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ of DR were 14.29%,44.72%,34.78%,3.11%,3.11%.NP was found in 69 eyes in 161 DR eyes.The occurrence of NP was highest (81.26%)in nasal,there was NP difference in the distribution of the different quadrants (χ2 =13.931,P <0.01),there were NP differences at different distances from the optic disc.The occurrence of NP was highest (84.06%)in midperiphera.The incidence rates of macular degeneration in Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ of DR were 8.70%,31.94%,58.93%,80.00%,80.00%.There was correla-tion between DMand DR (χ2 =26.093,P <0.01).Conclusion FFA can provid information for DR severity grad-ing and DM,there were positively correlations between incidence and severity of DM and DR grade,NP was usually occurred at the nasal retina and the midpefipheral retina.

Objective To investigate the relationship between pathological types of intracoronary thrombus and changes of ST segment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods Thrombus aspiration during primary PCI was performed in 65 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and 42 non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Pathological analysis on thrombosis was made. Results Thrombi characteristics were collected from 48 STEMI patients and 12 NSTEMI patients. In the STEMI group, 39(81.3%) red/mixed thrombus and 9(18.7%) white thrombus were found. While in the NSTEMI group, 8(66.7%) white thrombus and 4(33.3%) red/mixed thrombus were obtained. Conclusions There are both red/mixed and white thrombus in the two kinds of acute myocardial infarction. A variety of elements, including thrombus formation, could contributes to the change of ST in electrocardiograph during acute myocardial infarction.

Objective] To explore both the correlation of matrix metal oproteinase and the imbalance of its tissue inhibitors-MMP-2 and TIMP-2 with glomerulosclerosis and its research progress in traditional Chinese medicine. [Methods] We generalized the research progress in traditional Chinese medicine from such aspects as the biological properties of MMP-2 and TMIP-2 and their mechanisms, their relationship with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and effects of traditional Chinese medicine on their expression by searching the relevant literatures. [Results] Expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 vary in different pathological stages(hyperplasia and sclerosis stage here) of glomerulonephritis, and traditional Chinese herbs could adjust their expressions in different stages. Traditional Chinese herbs can inhibit the development of glomerulosclerosis. [Conclusion] Applying traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of mesangialproliferative glomerulonephritis could provide the base for further development of TCM as wel as a new choice for treating mesangialproliferative glomerulonephritis.