Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor globally, with the highest incidence as well as mortality in China. Absence of the effective screening method for early detection results in the high mortality. Five-year survival rate in patients with advanced cancer decreases remarkably compared with that in patients with early stage disease. Hence, the early detection of lung cancer is of vital importance. DNA methylation has close correlation with the initiation and development of tumor genesis. With the improvement in DNA methylation, aberrant DNA methylation has been identified in lung cancer. Detection of methylation in the specimens, such as tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum or plasma, sputum and urine, contributes to the early detection and improvement in the prognosis and treatment of lung cancer.

OBJECTIVETo establish chromatographic fingerprints of triterpenoid compounds in ganoderma RP-HPLC for the quality control of ganoderma.

METHODHPLC fingerprints were established. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: the separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), using a gradient elution with acetonitrile-water containing 0.8% perchloric acid as the mobile phases. The flow rate was 0.9 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 254 nm and the temperature of column was at ambient temperature. The common patterns of HPTLC and HPLC fingerprints were separately obtained through "Chromafinger" solution software, and quality assessments were analyzed by similarity.

RESULTThe HPLC fingerprint pattern of G. lucidum consists of 18 peaks, among them 6 peaks were identified by chemical reference substances.

CONCLUSIONThis study provided theory and experimental data in order to comprehensively evaluate the quality of ganoderma.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

This study included 116 professional postgraduate students majoring in clinical surgery who rotated in the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from 2019 to 2022. The students were provided with open online courses on precision medicine to build a strong theoretical foundation for evidence-based medicine; subsequently, precision medicine courses focusing on thyroid surgery were offered; and multidisciplinary team rounds for typical and difficult-to-diagnose cases were organized. Taking thyroid cancer as an example, questionnaire surveys and typical clinical case assessment were conducted to compare the scientific research and professional competencies of the students before and after evidence-based medicine education. The results showed that the students had significantly improved ability to use academic databases to acquire professional knowledge and solve problems, and showed increased enthusiasm in class, believing that the teaching content was easy to absorb and moderate in difficulty and the teaching effect was good.

The rapid spread of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae(cpKP)poses seri-ous threats to public health;however,the underlying genetic basis for its dissemination is still unknown.We conducted a comprehensive genomic epidemiology analysis on 420 cpKP isolates col-lected from 70 hospitals in 24 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities of China during 2009-2017 by short-/long-read sequencing.The results showed that most cpKP isolates were categorized into clonal group 258(CG258),in which ST11 was the dominant clone.Phylogenetic analysis revealed three major clades including the top one of Clade 3 for CG258 cpKP isolates.Additionally,carbapenemase gene analysis indicated that blaKPC was dominant in the cpKP isolates,and most blaKPC genes were located in five major incompatibility(Inc)groups of blaKPC-harboring plasmids.Importantly,three advantageous combinations of host-blaKPC-carrying plasmid(Clade 3.1+3.2-IncFⅡpHN7A8,Clade 3.1+3.2-IncFⅡpHN7A8:IncR,and Clade 3.3-IncFⅡpHN7A8:InCpA1763-KPC)were identified to confer cpKP isolates the advantages in both genotypes(strong correlation/coevolution)and phenotypes(resistance/growth/competition)to facilitate the nationwide spread of ST11/CG258 cpKP.Intriguingly,Bayesian skyline analysis illustrated that the three advanta-geous combinations might be directly associated with the strong population expansion during 2007-2008 and subsequent maintenance of the population of ST11/CG258 cpKP after 2008.We then examined drug resistance profiles of these cpKP isolates and proposed combination treatment regimens for CG258/non-CG258 cpKP infections.Thus,the findings of our systematical analysis shed light on the molecular epidemiology and genetic basis for the dissemination of ST11/CG258 cpKP in China,and much emphasis should be given to the close monitoring of advantageous cpKP-plasmid combinations.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) refers to using the intestinal microorganisms present in the feces or processed feces from healthy people for treating various types of diseases, such as digestive and metabolic diseases. The rapid development of metagenomic and culturomic technologies in gut microbiome analysis provides powerful tools for the FMT research and its clinical applications. Metagenomics technologies comprehensively revealed the diversity and functions of gut microbiota under health and disease conditions, while culturomics technologies helped isolation and identification of "unculturable" bacteria in the human gut under conventional culture conditions. The combination of these two technologies not only enabled us better understand the FMT regularities of cause and effect in clinical practices, but also effectively promoted its applications. Considering the above advantages, this article summarized the applications of metagenomics and culturomics technologies in FMT and prospected its future development trend.
Humans ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Metagenomics ; Feces/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Bacteria

Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) is one of important kinases in inflammation to phosphorylate inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα) and then activate nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Inhibition of IKKβ has been a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here we report that IKKβ is constitutively activated in healthy donors and healthy Ikkβ ^C46A (cysteine 46 mutated to alanine) knock-in mice although they possess intensive IKKβ-IκBα-NF-κB signaling activation. These indicate that IKKβ activation probably plays homeostatic role instead of causing inflammation. Compared to Ikkβ ^WT littermates, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could induce high mortality rate in Ikkβ ^C46A mice which is correlated to breaking the homeostasis by intensively activating p-IκBα-NF-κB signaling and inhibiting phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) expression. We then demonstrated that IKKβ kinase domain (KD) phosphorylates AMPKα1 via interacting with residues Thr183, Ser184, and Thr388, while IKKβ helix-loop-helix motifs is essential to phosphorylate IκBα according to the previous reports. Kinase assay further demonstrated that IKKβ simultaneously catalyzes phosphorylation of AMPK and IκBα to mediate homeostasis. Accordingly, activation of AMPK rather than inhibition of IKKβ could substantially rescue LPS-induced mortality in Ikkβ ^C46A mice by rebuilding the homeostasis. We conclude that IKKβ activates AMPK to restrict inflammation and IKKβ mediates homeostatic function in inflammation via competitively phosphorylating AMPK and IκBα.