Recent studies have confirmed that diverse adult tissue cells can be reprogrammed and induced to pluripotency, that is so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). But most of these dedifferentiated processes are induced by gene delivery with retroviral vectors. Some of the delivered genes are cancer causing. So, in current situation, these adult-derived embryonic stem-like cells cannot be used in clinical therapy to cure human diseases. Recently some articles that were published in the authoritative journals are receiving attentions. They show that, in mice and human, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can be used for generating pluripotent stem cells without the exogenous genes and retroviruses, and they can also be used for autologous transplantation without ethical problems. These findings suggest that human SSCs may have considerable potential for cell-based, autologous organ regeneration therapy for various diseases. In this review, we describe and compare the methods that have been used to isolate, purificate and culture SSCs. We also describe the recent results in which SSCs can be transformed into pluripotent stem cells, and the pluripotent stem cells have potential applications in regenerative medicine and genetic medicine.
Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Male ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; Stem Cells ; cytology

BACKGROUNDIt is not clear yet about the secular changes of morbidity and mortality trend of lung cancer in residents of Nangang District of Harbin in China. The aim of this study is to estimate the trend of lung cancer morbidity and mortality in residents of Nangang District from 1992 to 2001 and to predict their levels in the future 5 years.

METHODSData were collected from the annual statistic reports on cancer death cause from Nangang District in Harbin. The classification of death cause was made according to the ICD-9. Predictions about morbidity and mortality were made by the gray system GM(1,1).

RESULTSDuring the past 10 years, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer were placed in uptrend slowly. The average morbidity and mortality of lung cancer were 44.75 per 100000 and 41.37 per 100000 respectively, and lung cancer was the first leading cancer for both episode and death of malignant tumors. The proportions of lung cancer were 25.91% and 33.29% for episode and death in all malignant tumors respectively. A half patients with lung cancer was 20-64 years old. Predictive morbidity and mortality of lung cancer would be 47.79/100000 and 44.81/100000 for men and 45.80/100000 and 42.02/100000 for women respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe morbidity and mortality of lung cancer show a slowly increasing trend. Lung cancer is one of main malignant tumors among people of 20-64 years old. The gradually aging population, environmental pollution and individual unhealthy living habits are the important factors of lung cancer increasing.

BACKGROUND: In the intricate pathological milieu post-spinal cord injury (SCI), neural stem cells (NSCs) frequently differentiate into astrocytes rather than neurons, significantly limiting nerve repair. Hence, the utilization of biocompatible hydrogel scaffolds in conjunction with exogenous factors to foster the differentiation of NSCs into neurons has the potential for SCI repair. METHODS: In this study, we engineered a 3D-printed porous SilMA hydrogel scaffold (SM) supplemented with pH-/ temperature-responsive paclitaxel nanoparticles (PTX-NPs). We analyzed the biocompatibility of a specific concentration of PTX-NPs and its effect on NSC differentiation. We also established an SCI model to explore the ability of composite scaffolds for in vivo nerve repair. RESULTS: The physical adsorption of an optimal PTX-NPs dosage can simultaneously achieve pH/temperature-responsive release and commendable biocompatibility, primarily reflected in cell viability, morphology, and proliferation.An appropriate PTX-NPs concentration can steer NSC differentiation towards neurons over astrocytes, a phenomenon that is also efficacious in simulated injury settings. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed that PTX-NPs-induced NSC differentiation occurred via the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. The repair of hemisected SCI in rats demonstrated that the composite scaffold augmented neuronal regeneration at the injury site, curtailed astrocyte and fibrotic scar production, and enhanced motor function recovery in rat hind limbs. CONCLUSION The scaffold’s porous architecture serves as a cellular and drug carrier, providing a favorable microenvironment for nerve regeneration. These findings corroborate that this strategy amplifies neuronal expression within the injury milieu, significantly aiding in SCI repair.

BACKGROUND: In the intricate pathological milieu post-spinal cord injury (SCI), neural stem cells (NSCs) frequently differentiate into astrocytes rather than neurons, significantly limiting nerve repair. Hence, the utilization of biocompatible hydrogel scaffolds in conjunction with exogenous factors to foster the differentiation of NSCs into neurons has the potential for SCI repair. METHODS: In this study, we engineered a 3D-printed porous SilMA hydrogel scaffold (SM) supplemented with pH-/ temperature-responsive paclitaxel nanoparticles (PTX-NPs). We analyzed the biocompatibility of a specific concentration of PTX-NPs and its effect on NSC differentiation. We also established an SCI model to explore the ability of composite scaffolds for in vivo nerve repair. RESULTS: The physical adsorption of an optimal PTX-NPs dosage can simultaneously achieve pH/temperature-responsive release and commendable biocompatibility, primarily reflected in cell viability, morphology, and proliferation.An appropriate PTX-NPs concentration can steer NSC differentiation towards neurons over astrocytes, a phenomenon that is also efficacious in simulated injury settings. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed that PTX-NPs-induced NSC differentiation occurred via the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. The repair of hemisected SCI in rats demonstrated that the composite scaffold augmented neuronal regeneration at the injury site, curtailed astrocyte and fibrotic scar production, and enhanced motor function recovery in rat hind limbs. CONCLUSION The scaffold’s porous architecture serves as a cellular and drug carrier, providing a favorable microenvironment for nerve regeneration. These findings corroborate that this strategy amplifies neuronal expression within the injury milieu, significantly aiding in SCI repair.

BACKGROUND: In the intricate pathological milieu post-spinal cord injury (SCI), neural stem cells (NSCs) frequently differentiate into astrocytes rather than neurons, significantly limiting nerve repair. Hence, the utilization of biocompatible hydrogel scaffolds in conjunction with exogenous factors to foster the differentiation of NSCs into neurons has the potential for SCI repair. METHODS: In this study, we engineered a 3D-printed porous SilMA hydrogel scaffold (SM) supplemented with pH-/ temperature-responsive paclitaxel nanoparticles (PTX-NPs). We analyzed the biocompatibility of a specific concentration of PTX-NPs and its effect on NSC differentiation. We also established an SCI model to explore the ability of composite scaffolds for in vivo nerve repair. RESULTS: The physical adsorption of an optimal PTX-NPs dosage can simultaneously achieve pH/temperature-responsive release and commendable biocompatibility, primarily reflected in cell viability, morphology, and proliferation.An appropriate PTX-NPs concentration can steer NSC differentiation towards neurons over astrocytes, a phenomenon that is also efficacious in simulated injury settings. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed that PTX-NPs-induced NSC differentiation occurred via the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. The repair of hemisected SCI in rats demonstrated that the composite scaffold augmented neuronal regeneration at the injury site, curtailed astrocyte and fibrotic scar production, and enhanced motor function recovery in rat hind limbs. CONCLUSION The scaffold’s porous architecture serves as a cellular and drug carrier, providing a favorable microenvironment for nerve regeneration. These findings corroborate that this strategy amplifies neuronal expression within the injury milieu, significantly aiding in SCI repair.

BACKGROUND: In the intricate pathological milieu post-spinal cord injury (SCI), neural stem cells (NSCs) frequently differentiate into astrocytes rather than neurons, significantly limiting nerve repair. Hence, the utilization of biocompatible hydrogel scaffolds in conjunction with exogenous factors to foster the differentiation of NSCs into neurons has the potential for SCI repair. METHODS: In this study, we engineered a 3D-printed porous SilMA hydrogel scaffold (SM) supplemented with pH-/ temperature-responsive paclitaxel nanoparticles (PTX-NPs). We analyzed the biocompatibility of a specific concentration of PTX-NPs and its effect on NSC differentiation. We also established an SCI model to explore the ability of composite scaffolds for in vivo nerve repair. RESULTS: The physical adsorption of an optimal PTX-NPs dosage can simultaneously achieve pH/temperature-responsive release and commendable biocompatibility, primarily reflected in cell viability, morphology, and proliferation.An appropriate PTX-NPs concentration can steer NSC differentiation towards neurons over astrocytes, a phenomenon that is also efficacious in simulated injury settings. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed that PTX-NPs-induced NSC differentiation occurred via the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. The repair of hemisected SCI in rats demonstrated that the composite scaffold augmented neuronal regeneration at the injury site, curtailed astrocyte and fibrotic scar production, and enhanced motor function recovery in rat hind limbs. CONCLUSION The scaffold’s porous architecture serves as a cellular and drug carrier, providing a favorable microenvironment for nerve regeneration. These findings corroborate that this strategy amplifies neuronal expression within the injury milieu, significantly aiding in SCI repair.

The incidence of thyroid carcinoma is increasing.Because of the special location,patients usually have cosmetic requirements for thyroid surgery.Compared with open surgery,improved Miccoli surgery,total endoscopic surgery,radiofrequency ablation and other minimally invasive surgery have obvious advantages in cosmetology,but the surgical indications are limited.Through incision design and protection,appropriate suture materials,standard suture methods and negative pressure drainage measures,we can effectively reduce the scar formation of open surgery,and improve the cosmetic results.Preoperative individualized treatment should be formulated according to the patient's actual situation,tumor nature,cosmetic needs,hospital conditions and other comprehensive factors.

To observe the results of different treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) complicated with severe pneumonia in infants.
 Methods: A total of 27 infants with CHD and severe pneumonia were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital from January 2014 to December 2014, of whom 18 were male and 9 were female. The average age was 2.0-19.0(5.9±4.3) months, with an average body weight of 3.3-10.0 (5.8±1.8) kg. Infants were treated with a strategy of complete control of the lung infection before surgery (internal medicine group). From January 2015 to December 2015, 29 infants with same condition were admitted, of whom 15 were males and 14 females. The average age was 2.0-27.0 (6.1±3.9) months, with an average body weight of 3.1-8.0 (4.8±1.0) kg. Infants were treated with a strategy of combined treatment (combined treatment group), in which early surgical treatment were performed after a short time antibiotics and supportive treatment.
 Results: One nosocomial death in internal medicine group, with an average hospital stay for 3-26 (11±6) d. Further surgeries were performed in 5 patients after discharge with no surgical death. The mean preoperative hospital stay in combined treatment group was 1-21 (10±6) d. The mean total hospital stay for combined treatment group was 14-48 (24±9) d and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 6-35 (14±7) d. One patient died soon after surgery in combined treatment group. Thirty-day follow-up found that no other patient died in combined treatment group, and 6 patients died in internal medicine group. The 30-day mortality was 3.4% in combined treatment group and 22.2% in internal medicine group (P<0.01).
 Conclusion: Infant congenital heart disease complicated with severe pneumonia requires early surgical treatment, which contributed to the control of pulmonary infection and reduce mortality.
Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Pneumonia ; therapy ; Postoperative Period